Luiz Antônio de Bastos Andrade

Efeitos da salinidade da água de irrigação na brotação e desenvolvimento inicial da cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp) e em solos com diferentes níveis texturais

Foram avaliados os efeitos de diferentes concentracoes de sal na agua de irrigacao, no desenvolvimento inicial da cana-de-acucar, cultivar SP80-1842, cultivada em solos com diferentes niveis texturais. O experimento foi conduzido em casa-de-vegetacao do Departamento de Engenharia da Universidade Federal de Lavras, em Lavras, MG. A finalidade do cultivo em ambiente protegido foi de possibilitar os tratamentos de niveis de sal na agua de irrigacao, sem a interferencia das precipitacoes pluviometricas. Os tratamentos consistiram em quatro niveis de salinidade da agua de irrigacao (condutividade eletrica de 0,10; 2,0; 5,0 e 8,0 dS m-1), e tres classes texturais de solo (texturas arenosa, media e argilosa), totalizando doze tratamentos e caracterizando um delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), em esquema fatorial de 4 X 3, com oito repeticoes. No inicio e apos experimentacao, foram coletadas amostras dos solos para obtencao da condutividade eletrica do extrato saturado, retratando o efeito da salinidade da agua de irrigacao sobre os tipos de solo. Aos 38 dias apos plantio das gemas, obteve-se a massa seca da raiz e da parte aerea, sendo que, durante a experimentacao foram contados, diariamente, o numero de gemas que brotavam em cada vaso. Os resultados mostraram que a cana-de-acucar, cultivar SP80-1842, e sensivel a salinidade da agua de irrigacao, durante sua fase inicial de cultivo. Todos os parâmetros vegetativos foram reduzidos com aumento da salinidade da agua de irrigacao. Houve um aumento da salinidade do solo em virtude do aumento da condutividade eletrica da agua de irrigacao. As maiores medias dessas variaveis foram obtidas no solo de textura media.

Efeitos da adubação orgânica e da época de colheita na qualidade da matéria-prima e nos rendimentos agrícola e de açúcar mascavo artesanal de duas cultivares de cana-de-açúcar (cana-planta)

Conduziu-se este trabalho com o objetivo de estudar os efeitos de tres sistemas de adubacao (30 t. ha-1 de esterco de curral, 3,5 t.ha-1 de esterco de galinha e adubacao quimica - 120 kg.ha-1 de P2O5 e de K2O no plantio + 60 kg.ha-1 de N em cobertura) e tres epocas de colheita da cana (julho, agosto e setembro de 2003), na qualidade da materia-prima e nos rendimentos de colmos e de acucar mascavo de duas cultivares de cana-de-acucar (SP79-1011 e RB72454). O experimento foi instalado em area do Alambique JM, Perdoes, MG. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial (2 x 3 x 3), com tres repeticoes. Nao houve efeito dos fertilizantes nos rendimentos de colmos e de acucar mascavo das cultivares estudadas. Verificou-se efeito de epocas de colheita no rendimento de colmos, com destaque para os meses de agosto e setembro. No entanto, para rendimento de acucar mascavo nenhuma diferenca foi observada. Assim, nas condicoes deste trabalho, e viavel a substituicao da adubacao quimica pela orgânica (esterco de curral ou de galinha), sem perdas na qualidade da materia-prima e nos rendimentos de colmos e de acucar mascavo artesanal, sendo que os meses de agosto e setembro foram os que proporcionaram materia-prima de melhor qualidade e maiores rendimentos de colmos.

Rendimentos agrícola e forrageiro de três cultivares de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.) em diferentes épocas de corte

Our main goal in this study was to evaluate the agricultural and forage yields of three sugarcane cultivars at different cutting times (May, July and September), when there is a larger demand for forage in the region. The experiment was installed in the municipal district of Lavras, Minas Gerais. The climate is of the mesothermic type, and the soil is a Dark Red Latossolo. The experimental delineation used was of casualized blocks in 3 X 3 factorial design, with 3 repetitions. The treatments consisted of three cultivars of sugarcane (RB825336; SP80-1816; and RB835054) and three cutting times (May; July; September). Each plot consisted of 6 sugarcane rows, spaced at 1,25m, with 8m of length, and with a total area of 60m2. The useful area corresponded to the four central rows, 1,0m of each extremity being eliminated, with an area of 30,0m2. Green mass, dry mass, stems per hectare, and sucrose (g/100g broth) were appraised. The results showed that the cultivars and the cutting times studied had no effect on the yields of the stems, green mass, dry mass, and sugarcane sucrose (broth). The high yields obtained for green mass and dry matter, during the drought period (May to September), show the great potential of sugarcane for use in dairy cattle feeding in the area.

Alembic vinasse and nitrogen in sugar cane in irrigated and non-irrigated areas

With the purpose of studying the effects of the application of alembic vinasse, both with and without nitrogen complementation on the yield and technological quality of sugar cane in irrigated and non-irrigated area, this work was conducted in the area of Joao Mendes Alembic (JM), situated in the town of Perdoes, southern region of the State of Minas Gerais. Under each condition (with and without irrigation), the following treatments were studied: T1 (0 m3 ha-1 de vinasse + 0 kg ha-1 de N); T2 (100 m3 ha-1 de vinasse + 0 kg ha-1 de N); T3 (150 m3 ha-1 de vinasse + 0 kg ha-1 de N); T4 (200 m3 ha-1 de vinasse + 0 kg ha-1 de N); T5 (0 m3 ha-1 de vinasse + 60 kg ha-1 de N); T6 (100 m3 ha-1 de vinasse + 60 kg ha-1 de N); T7 (150 m3 ha-1 de vinasse + 60 kg ha-1 de N) e T8 (200 m3 ha-1 de vinasse + 60 kg ha-1 de N). Under the irrigated conditions, the average yield of the stems was 15.25% greater than the one obtained in the non-irrigated area. The application of 150 m3 ha-1 of alembic vinasse complemented by 60 kg ha-1 of N was the treatment which provided the best result, except for the content of cane fiber (%).

Consórcio soja-milho: V. efeito de sistemas de consórcio e de semeadura do milho

The objetive of this experiment was to evaluate the intercropping of soybean [Glycine max. (L.) Merrill] cultivar Doko and corn (Zea mays L..) cultivar BR 201 under different planting systems. The experiment was conducted at the Universidade Federal de Lavras experimental area in a Latossolo roxo distrofic with clay texture during the 1992/1993 agronomic year. The experimental design was a completely randomized block (3 x 3 + 4) with three repetitions; the factorial scheme was comprised by three intercropping systems (soybean in the corn row: soybean between corn row and soybean on both at the same time), three corn planting designs (one plant every 25cm: two plants every 50cm; and four plants every 100cm) and four additional treatments (three corn planting designs in monoculture plus soybean). Corn yield, plant height and final stand were not significantly influenced by intercropping soybean. In relation to the monoculture the intercropping soybean has presented an increase in lodging and a reduction of grain yield. Among the soybean intercropping systems. the soybean planted in and between corn rows was the one which has proportioned a higher grain yield. The efficiency of intercropping system over monoculture was observed with 1.40 average of land equivalent ratio (LER).

Genetic divergence of sugarcane varieties collected in the region of Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Genetic diversity among local accessions and varieties subsidize plant breeding programs, allowing the utilization of existing variability in plants that have already adapted to local climate conditions. An alternative to studying genetic variability is the study of diversity. The aim of this research was to study genetic diversity among sugarcane accessions and varieties used for the production of craft-distilled cachaça (distilled sugarcane alcohol) in the region of Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Using a one-way design, an experiment was conducted in the municipality of Perdões, Minas Gerais to evaluate 35 regional accessions derived from germplasm collection expeditions and four varieties. Using morphological descriptions of 46 multicategorical sugarcane characteristics, dissimilarity and Tocher cluster method analyses were performed. Based on the results, it was concluded that genetic diversity exists among the accessions evaluated for the target traits.

Consórcio sorgo-soja. I. Produção de forragem de cultivares de soja e híbridos de sorgo, consorciadas na linha, em dois sistemas de corte

Aiming to select sorghum and soybean cultivars of best forage yield in the intercropping on the line, a trial was conducted in 1996/1997, at the Department of Agriculture on the campus of the Universidade Federal de Lavras, in Lavras, MG, Brazil, on a Distrophic Red Dusky Latosol. The experimental design utilized was that of randomized blocks in factorial scheme 2x4x4+4 with three replications, being made up of two cutting systems (a single cutting, close-cut to the soil, of both crops at the R5 stage of soybean and a two-cutting system: the first done at 60 days after emergence at 30cm from the soil and the second after regrowth of the plants, close-cut to the soil at the same time of the cutting of the first system), four soybean cultivars (CAC-1, Doko RC, UFV-16 and UFV-17) and four hybrids of forage sorghum (AG 2002, AG 2006, BR 601 and CMSXS 756), and four hibrids of sorghum in monoculture. The one cutting system was superior than the two cutting system in relation of green mass and dry matter. The grude protein was superioty in the two cutting system. Use of the intercropping on the line provided greater yield total crude portein as compared with monoculture, being that the combinations UFV-16 and UFV-17 x AG 2002 and CAC-1 x AG 2006 were the ones which stood out the most to the one-cutting system. In the two-cutting system, Doko RC x AG 2006 and BR 601 and UFV-16 x BR 601 stood out. Under monoculture and intercropping on the line condition, the sorghum hybrid which presented the highest yield of green mass, dry matter and total crude protein was AG 2002.Aiming to select sorghum and soybean cultivars of best forage yield in the intercropping on the line, a trial was conducted in 1996/1997, at the Department of Agriculture on the campus of the Universidade Federal de Lavras, in Lavras, MG, Brazil, on a Distrophic Red Dusky Latosol. The experimental design utilized was that of randomized blocks in factorial scheme 2x4x4+4 with three replications, being made up of two cutting systems (a single cutting, close-cut to the soil, of both crops at the R5 stage of soybean and a two-cutting system: the first done at 60 days after emergence at 30cm from the soil and the second after regrowth of the plants, close-cut to the soil at the same time of the cutting of the first system), four soybean cultivars (CAC-1, Doko RC, UFV-16 and UFV-17) and four hybrids of forage sorghum (AG 2002, AG 2006, BR 601 and CMSXS 756), and four hibrids of sorghum in monoculture. The one cutting system was superior than the two cutting system in relation of green mass and dry matter. The grude protein was superioty in the two cutting system. Use of the intercropping on the line provided greater yield total crude portein as compared with monoculture, being that the combinations UFV-16 and UFV-17 x AG 2002 and CAC-1 x AG 2006 were the ones which stood out the most to the one-cutting system. In the two-cutting system, Doko RC x AG 2006 and BR 601 and UFV-16 x BR 601 stood out. Under monoculture and intercropping on the line condition, the sorghum hybrid which presented the highest yield of green mass, dry matter and total crude protein was AG 2002.

Sorghum-soybean intercropping. I. Production of forage of sorghum hybrids and soybean cultivars, intercropped on the line, in two cutting systems

Aiming to select sorghum and soybean cultivars of best forage yield in the intercropping on the line, a trial was conducted in 1996/1997, at the Department of Agriculture on the campus of the Universidade Federal de Lavras, in Lavras, MG, Brazil, on a Distrophic Red Dusky Latosol. The experimental design utilized was that of randomized blocks in factorial scheme 2x4x4+4 with three replications, being made up of two cutting systems (a single cutting, close-cut to the soil, of both crops at the R5 stage of soybean and a two-cutting system: the first done at 60 days after emergence at 30cm from the soil and the second after regrowth of the plants, close-cut to the soil at the same time of the cutting of the first system), four soybean cultivars (CAC-1, Doko RC, UFV-16 and UFV-17) and four hybrids of forage sorghum (AG 2002, AG 2006, BR 601 and CMSXS 756), and four hibrids of sorghum in monoculture. The one cutting system was superior than the two cutting system in relation of green mass and dry matter. The grude protein was superioty in the two cutting system. Use of the intercropping on the line provided greater yield total crude portein as compared with monoculture, being that the combinations UFV-16 and UFV-17 x AG 2002 and CAC-1 x AG 2006 were the ones which stood out the most to the one-cutting system. In the two-cutting system, Doko RC x AG 2006 and BR 601 and UFV-16 x BR 601 stood out. Under monoculture and intercropping on the line condition, the sorghum hybrid which presented the highest yield of green mass, dry matter and total crude protein was AG 2002.Aiming to select sorghum and soybean cultivars of best forage yield in the intercropping on the line, a trial was conducted in 1996/1997, at the Department of Agriculture on the campus of the Universidade Federal de Lavras, in Lavras, MG, Brazil, on a Distrophic Red Dusky Latosol. The experimental design utilized was that of randomized blocks in factorial scheme 2x4x4+4 with three replications, being made up of two cutting systems (a single cutting, close-cut to the soil, of both crops at the R5 stage of soybean and a two-cutting system: the first done at 60 days after emergence at 30cm from the soil and the second after regrowth of the plants, close-cut to the soil at the same time of the cutting of the first system), four soybean cultivars (CAC-1, Doko RC, UFV-16 and UFV-17) and four hybrids of forage sorghum (AG 2002, AG 2006, BR 601 and CMSXS 756), and four hibrids of sorghum in monoculture. The one cutting system was superior than the two cutting system in relation of green mass and dry matter. The grude protein was superioty in the two cutting system. Use of the intercropping on the line provided greater yield total crude portein as compared with monoculture, being that the combinations UFV-16 and UFV-17 x AG 2002 and CAC-1 x AG 2006 were the ones which stood out the most to the one-cutting system. In the two-cutting system, Doko RC x AG 2006 and BR 601 and UFV-16 x BR 601 stood out. Under monoculture and intercropping on the line condition, the sorghum hybrid which presented the highest yield of green mass, dry matter and total crude protein was AG 2002.