Luiz Antônio Framartino Bezerra

Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos para altura do posterior, peso e circunferência escrotal em bovinos da raça Nelore

Visando estimar parâmetros geneticos em bovinos, foram utilizados registros de pesos padronizados aos 120, 210, 365, 450 e 550 dias de idade (P120, P210, P365, P450 e P550), altura do posterior mensurada proxima ao sobreano (ALT) e circunferencias escrotais (CE) padronizadas aos 365, 450 e 550 dias de idade (CE365, CE450 e CE550). Os dados foram provenientes de animais machos e femeas, nascidos entre 1998 e 2003 em dez fazendas de seis estados brasileiros. Os componentes de (co)variância foram estimados pela metodologia REML em analises uni, bi e trivariadas, utilizando-se modelos animal. As estimativas de herdabilidade do efeito direto com os respectivos erros-padrao foram: ALT 0,63 (0,09), P120 0,25 (0,03), P210 0,34 (0,03), P365 0,45 (0,04), P450 0,48 (0,04), P550 0,49 (0,04), CE365 0,48 (0,04), CE450 0,53 (0,04) e CE550 0,42 (0,09). As correlacoes geneticas entre a ALT e as variaveis P120, P210, P365, P450 e P550 foram de 0,68; 0,64; 0,53; 0,58 e 0,59, respectivamente. As associacoes geneticas do P120 com as CE ajustadas para peso e idade foram proximas de zero, entretanto, essas correlacoes foram positivas e moderadas, quando as CE foram ajustadas somente pela idade. As correlacoes geneticas da ALT com as CE, quando ajustadas para peso e idade, foram: -0,19 (CE365), -0,24 (CE450) e 0,00 (CE550). Utilizando um modelo que nao incluiu o peso do animal como covariavel, as correlacoes geneticas das CE com a ALT foram: 0,21 (CE365), 0,12 (CE450) e 0,39 (CE550). Essas estimativas indicam que as caracteristicas de crescimento e CE apresentam variabilidade genetica na raca Nelore, podendo ser incluidas em programas de melhoramento genetico, e a selecao para peso em qualquer idade deve acarretar aumento na estatura dos animais. Desta forma, para obtencao de animais com tamanho e peso adequados ao sistema de producao, faz-se necessaria a utilizacao de um indice de selecao aliando estas caracteristicas.

Genetic associations between carcass traits measured by real-time ultrasound and scrotal circumference and growth traits in Nelore cattle

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the genetic correlations among real-time ultrasound carcass, BW, and scrotal circumference (SC) traits in Nelore cattle. Carcass traits, measured by real-time ultrasound of the live animal, were recorded from 2002 to 2004 on 10 farms across 6 Brazilian states on 2,590 males and females ranging in age from 450 to 599 d. Ultrasound records of LM area (LMA) and backfat thickness (BF) were obtained from cross-sectional images between the 12th and 13th ribs, and rump fat thickness (RF) was measured between the hook and pin bones over the junction between gluteus medius and biceps femoris muscles. Also, BW (n = 22,778) and SC (n = 5,695) were recorded on animals born between 1998 and 2003. The BW traits were 120, 210, 365, 450, and 550-d standardized BW (W120, W210, W365, W450, and W550), plus BW (WS) and hip height (HH) on the ultrasound scanning date. The SC traits were 365-, 450-, and 550-d standardized SC (SC365, SC450, and SC550). For the BW and SC traits, the database used was from the Nelore Breeding Program-Nelore Brazil. The genetic parameters were estimated with multivariate animal models and REML. Estimated genetic correlations between LMA and other traits were 0.06 (BF), -0.04 (RF), 0.05 (HH), 0.58 (WS), 0.53 (W120), 0.62 (W210), 0.67 (W365), 0.64 (W450 and W550), 0.28 (SC365), 0.24 (SC450), and 0.00 (SC550). Estimated genetic correlations between BF and with other traits were 0.74 (RF), -0.32 (HH), 0.19 (WS), -0.03 (W120), -0.10 (W210), 0.04 (W365), 0.01 (W450), 0.06 (W550), 0.17 (SC365 and SC450), and -0.19 (SC550). Estimated genetic correlations between RF and other traits were -0.41 (HH), -0.09 (WS), -0.13 (W120), -0.09 (W210), -0.01 (W365), 0.02 (W450), 0.03 (W550), 0.05 (SC365), 0.11 (SC450), and -0.18 (SC550). These estimates indicate that selection for carcass traits measured by real-time ultrasound should not cause antagonism in the genetic improvement of SC and BW traits. Also, selection to increase HH might decrease subcutaneous fat as correlated response. Therefore, to obtain animals suited to specific tropical production systems, carcass, BW, and SC traits should be considered in selection programs.

Comparação entre alguns critérios de seleção para crescimento na raça Nelore

Data to 53433 of Nellore cattle were used to estimate genetic parameters for standardized weights at 120, 240, and 550 days of age (P120, P240, and P550 respectively), scrotal circumference at 550 days (PE550), days to reach 160 kg (D160), and 240 kg (D240) of live weigh. It was used software the MTDFREML with mixed-model analysis using animal model. Model included fixed effects of contemporary groups (GC) and classes of age-of-dam calving and random direct and maternal genetic effects, the dam permanent environmental effect and the error. Direct heritability (h2a), in multiple-trait analysis between PE550 and all others traits, were .19 (for P120 and P240), .34 (for P550), .09 (for D160), .16 (for D240) and .36 (mean for PE550). Maternal heritability for growth traits ranged from .02 to .12. Genetic correlations among PE550 and the others traits had medium magnitude. Standardized weights rather than days to live weight, were better selection criteria when heritabilities and selection response were consideraded.

Análise da variabilidade genética aditiva de características de crescimento na raça Nelore

The data were obtained from 51 herds to participate in the Nelore Catttle Breeding Program (NCBP) from the states of Goias (GO), Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Mato Grosso (MT), Minas Gerais (MG), Sao Paulo (SP), Maranhao (MA) and Bahia (BA). Were used to estimative genetic parameters for standardized weights at 120 (P120), 455 (P455) and 550 (550) days of age. Univariate and bivariate analysis were performed by animal model using MTDFREML program. For P120 was used a model that included contemporary groups and cow age at calving as fixed effects, and direct genetic, maternal genetic and permanent environment effects as random effects. For P455 and P550 were utilized the same model but without maternal direct and permanent environment effects. The estimates of heritability direct from univariate analysis were: 0.29, 0.51 and 0.47 for P120, P455 and P550, respectively. In the bivariate analyses the direct heritability values were of high magnitude. The genetic correlation between P120 and P455, P120 and P550 and P455 and P550 were 0.92, 0.93 and 0.96, respectively. The values of the heritability coefficients estimated for the trait P455 and genetic correlation that characteristic with others indicate that the genetic evaluation could be made at the 15 months of age.

Genotype by environment interaction for 450-day weight of Nelore cattle analyzed by reaction norm models

Genotype by environment interactions (GEI) have attracted increasing attention in tropical breeding programs because of the variety of production systems involved. In this work, we assessed GEI in 450-day adjusted weight (W450) Nelore cattle from 366 Brazilian herds by comparing traditional univariate single-environment model analysis (UM) and random regression first order reaction norm models for six environmental variables: standard deviations of herd-year (RRMw) and herd-year-season-management (RRMw-m) groups for mean W450, standard deviations of herd-year (RRMg) and herd-year-season-management (RRMg-m) groups adjusted for 365-450 days weight gain (G450) averages, and two iterative algorithms using herd-year-season-management group solution estimates from a first RRMw-m and RRMg-m analysis (RRMITw-m and RRMITg-m, respectively). The RRM results showed similar tendencies in the variance components and heritability estimates along environmental gradient. Some of the variation among RRM estimates may have been related to the precision of the predictor and to correlations between environmental variables and the likely components of the weight trait. GEI, which was assessed by estimating the genetic correlation surfaces, had values < 0.5 between extreme environments in all models. Regression analyses showed that the correlation between the expected progeny differences for UM and the corresponding differences estimated by RRM was higher in intermediate and favorable environments than in unfavorable environments (p < 0.0001).

Heritability estimates and genetic correlations for body weight and scrotal circumference adjusted to 12 and 18 months of age for male Nellore cattle.

Heritability estimates and genetic correlations were obtained for body weight and scrotal circumference, adjusted, respectively, to 12 (BW12 and SC12) and 18 (BW18 and SC18) months of age, for 10 742 male Nellore cattle. The adjustments to SC12 and SC18 were made using a nonlinear logistic function, while BW12 and BW18 were obtained by linear adjustment. The contemporary groups (CGs) were defined from animals born on the same farm, in the same year and birth season. The mean heritability estimates obtained using the restricted maximum likelihood method in bi-trait analysis were 0.25, 0.25, 0.29 and 0.42 for BW12, BW18, SC12 and SC18, respectively. The genetic correlations were 0.30 ± 0.11, 0.21 ± 0.13, 0.21 ± 0.11, -0.08 ± 0.15, 0.16 ± 0.12 and 0.89 ± 0.04 between the traits BW12 and BW18; BW12 and SC12; BW12 and SC18; BW18 and SC12; BW18 and SC18; and SC12 and SC18. The heritability for SC18 was considerably greater than for SC12, suggesting that this should be included as a selection criterion. The genetic correlation between BW18 and SC12 was close to zero, indicating that these traits did not influence each other. The contrary occurred between SC12 and SC18, indicating that selection using one of these could alter the other. Because of the mean magnitudes of heritabilities in the various measurements of weight and scrotal perimeter, it is suggested that the practice of individual selection for these traits is possible.

Parâmetros genéticos da taxa de maturação e do peso assintótico de fêmeas da raça Nelore

Data from 1158 females Nellore beef cattle, born between 1984 and 1995, at 10 breeding farms and located at seven differents States of Brazil were used to establish a growth pattern curve of beef cattle females, and to estimate variance components, heritabilities and genetic correlations between the parameters for Von Bertalanffy, Brody, logistic and Gompertz models. The NLIN procedure and the MTDFREML program under animal model were used for single and two trait analyses. The average weight (A) and growth rate (K) were 515.06 and .071 for Von Bertalanffy; 552.77 and .045 for Brody; 501.11 and .097 for logistic; and 507.00 and .083 for Gompertz, respectively. High heritabilities were estimated for A and K parameters: .39 and .42 for Von Bertalanffy; .42 and .44 for Brody; .40 and .41 for logistic; and .39 and .39 for Gompertz, respectively. All the models described adequately the growth pattern of those females. The best model to describe the growth curve based on the number of iteractions for convergence, error mean square and the coefficient of determination was Brody model, followed by Von Bertalanffy, logistic and Gompetz models. These characteristics (A and K parameters) could be included in selection index for female Nelore selection.

Estudo de Características Quantitativas de Crescimento dos 120 aos 550 Dias de Idade em Gado Nelore

With the aim of a better understanding of quantitative growth traits in Nellore cattle, some parameters were estimated: variance components and heritability coefficients of weight gains between the standardized ages of 120 and 240, 240 and 365, 365 and 455, and 455 and 555 days, and of scrotal circumference gains between the standardized ages of 365 and 455, and 455 and 555 days; and (co)variance components and genetic correlations between weight and scrotal circumference gains. Information from 29,769 records of weight gain and 15,676 records of scrotal circumference gain were analyzed to obtain the (co)variance component estimates. The restricted maximum likelihood, derivative free, under an animal model was the method of choice. The results were the following: 0.32 for the direct genetic heritability and 0.13 for the maternal genetic heritability coefficients for weight gain between 120 and 240 days of age; 0.16, 0.22 and 0.23 for the direct genetic heritability coefficients for weight gain between the ages of 240 and 365, 365 and 455, and 455 and 550 days respectively; 0.24 and 0.18 for the direct genetic heritability coefficients for scrotal circumference gain between the ages of 365 and 455, and 455 and 550 respectively; and genetic correlation of 0.18 between the weight and the scrotal circumference gains.

Análise genética de escores de avaliação visual de bovinos com modelos bayesianos de limiar e linear

The objective of this work was to compare the estimates of genetic parameters obtained in single- trait and two-trait bayesian analyses, under linear and threshold animal models, considering categorical morphological traits of bovines of the Nelore breed. Data of musculature, physical structure and conformation were obtained between years 2000 and 2005, from 3,864 bovines of the Nelore breed from 13 participant farms of the Nelore Brazil Program. Single-trait and two-trait bayesian analyses were performed under linear and threshold animal models. In general, the linear and threshold models were efficient in estimating genetic parameters for visual scores under single-trait bayesian analyses. In the two-trait analyses, it was observed that: using continuous and categorical data, the threshold model provided greater estimates of genetic correlation than those of the linear model; with categorical data, the heritability estimates were similar. One major advantage of the linear models was its smaller requirements in the analyses processing time. In the genetic evaluation of animals for visual scores, the use of the linear or threshold model did not influence the classification of the animals, based on their predicted breeding values, which suggests that both models can be used in genetic improvement programs.

Peso adulto de matrizes em rebanhos de seleção da raça Nelore no Brasil

The main objective of this work was to evaluate the Nellore breed in Brazil with respect to the phenotypic and genetic variation of the mature size of cows. The observations were taken from 34 herds of eleven different beef cattle production regions in the country. There were considered cows of the horned and polled varieties, raised on pastures, from herds that had at least 50 cows. With these restrictions it was formed a general file with 6,867 cows with valid observations on mature weight (MW) and a genetic relationship matrix with 17,039 animals. Body weight, as indicator of the mature size, was defined as the first weight (kg) observed since the cows were from four through twelve years old. This weight was taken under one of three different conditions: normal, at the routine weighing, in April and October, according to the established schedule of the program, at parturition or at weaning of the calf. Data management and statistical analyses were carried out through the utilization of the Statistical Analysis System (SAS). Herd, year of birth, year of weighing, condition at weighing, season of weighing and the interactions year*season of birth and year*season of weighing were the most important sources of variation for MW. The overall mean for mature weight was 447 kg, with a coefficient of variation of 11%. The genetic analysis was carried out by the use of the Multiple Trait Derivative-Free Restricted Maximum Likelihood (MTDFREML) algorithm under an animal model. The 1,126 contemporary groups included cows from the same herd, born at the same year, weighted at the same year and season and at the same condition at weighing. The additive genetic (537.78 kg2), residual (1,553.22 kg2) and phenotypic (2,090.59 kg2) variance components provided a heritability estimate of 0.26, for MW. The predicted genetic breeding values varied from -41.9 through +61.4 kg, with accuracy ranging from 0 to 0.95.