Luiz Armando de Araújo Góes-Neto

A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns

Phylogeny has long informed pteridophyte classification. As our ability to infer evolutionary trees has improved, classifications aimed at recognizing natural groups have become increasingly predictive and stable. Here, we provide a modern, comprehensive classification for lycophytes and ferns, down to the genus level, utilizing a community‐based approach. We use monophyly as the primary criterion for the recognition of taxa, but also aim to preserve existing taxa and circumscriptions that are both widely accepted and consistent with our understanding of pteridophyte phylogeny. In total, this classification treats an estimated 11 916 species in 337 genera, 51 families, 14 orders, and two classes. This classification is not intended as the final word on lycophyte and fern taxonomy, but rather a summary statement of current hypotheses, derived from the best available data and shaped by those most familiar with the plants in question. We hope that it will serve as a resource for those wanting references to the recent literature on pteridophyte phylogeny and classification, a framework for guiding future investigations, and a stimulus to further discourse.

Seven new species of Selaginella subg. Stachygynandrum (Selaginellaceae) from Brazil and new synonyms for the genus

Abstract We describe seven new species of Selaginella subg. Stachygynandrum (Selaginella alstonii, Selaginella blepharodella, Selaginella crinita, Selaginella mucronata, Selaginella mucugensis, Selaginella saltuicola, and Selaginella sematophylla) from Brazil and discuss their possible affinities and conservation status. Scanning electron micrographs of stem sections, leaves, and spores are provided to illustrate the new taxa. In Selaginella alstonii and Selaginella saltuicola vegetative growth from strobilus tips is reported and discussed. Four of the new species are from the Espinhaço Mountain Range associated with Campos Rupestres (montane savannah/rocky fields) vegetation. Three of these (i.e., Selaginella blepharodella, Selaginella crinita, and Selaginella mucugensis) were collected in the northern part of the range in Chapada Diamantina, state of Bahia, while Selaginella alstonii is from the southern part of the range in the state of Minas Gerais. Selaginella mucronata is found in Atlantic Rainforest vegetation in the state of Espírito Santo, whereas Selaginella saltuicola inhabits Cerrado (tropical savannah) vegetation in the state of Mato Grosso. Selaginella sematophylla is the most widely distributed of the new species and was collected in Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, and Rio de Janeiro states in Campos Rupestres and Atlantic Rainforest vegetation. Selaginella alstonii occurs in rocky caves, Selaginella blepharodella, Selaginella crinita, Selaginella mucugensis, and Selaginella sematophylla seem adapted to seasonally dry places, living on sandy or humid soils, Selaginella mucronata occupies humid, forest understory, and Selaginella saltuicola is adapted to wet places associated with rocks or logs in waterfalls. Of the seven new species, six are considered local endemics (except for Selaginella sematophylla) because of their restricted currently known distributions to one or two localities within a single state in Brazil. Additionally, we propose new synonymy for Selaginella palmiformis (syn. = Selaginella bahiensis subsp. manausensis, ≡ Selaginella manausensis) and Selaginella vestiens (syn. = Selaginella fragillima); the last species is endemic to Brazil, recorded in the states of Goiás and Minas Gerais. Finally, based on literature discussed and this study, we conclude that the number of well-documented Brazilian Selaginella species is 61, of which 58 are native and three introduced and naturalized. These statistics are likely to change with further work on Selaginella from Brazil.

Lycophytes and ferns of Serra do Itauajuri, municipality of Monte Alegre, Pará, Brazil

Neste estudo sao apresentadas as licofitas e samambaias inventariadas na Serra do Itauajuri, estado do Para. Foram registradas 64 especies distribuidas em 36 generos e 21 familias, sendo uma familia, um genero e quatro especies pertencentes a linhagem das licofitas e 20 familias, 35 generos e 60 especies a linhagem das samambaias. As familias mais representativas foram Pteridaceae (19 spp.), Polypodiaceae (8) e Selaginellaceae (4). Os generos com maior riqueza especifica foram Adiantum (9 spp.) e Selaginella (4). A maioria das especies foi coletada como terrestre (35 spp., ca. 55%), ocorrendo em matas riparias (51 spp., ca. 80%), com padrao de distribuicao americana (46 spp., ca. 72%). Sao apresentados dois novos registros para a Regiao Norte do Brasil (Asplenium pumilum e Marsilea ancylopoda) e dois para o estado do Para (Ophioglossum nudicaule e Selaginella minima). A area estudada possui caracteristicas ambientais bastante distintas do que comumente se observa na Amazonia brasileira, sendo uma area biologicamente importante. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho reunem informacoes que podem subsidiar a criacao e a implementacao da Unidade de Conservacao da Serra do Itauajuri, o que garantira a preservacao de suas riquezas historicas e naturais.

Flora das cangas da Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brasil: Selaginellaceae

Este estudo trata as especies de Selaginellaceae registradas nas cangas da Serra dos Carajas, estado do Para, trazendo descricoes, ilustracoes, distribuicao geografica e comentarios sobre estas. Na area estudada foram registradas duas especies, Selaginella radiata, a qual possui distribuicao restrita a America do Sul, e S. simplex, que esta mais amplamente distribuida nos Neotropicos.

Selaginella (Selaginellaceae) from Brazil: a new species, new records and lectotype designation

SummaryA new species, Selaginella surucucusensis L. Góes & E. Assis, collected since 1969 in Roraima State, in Northern Brazil, is described and illustrated and its affinities are discussed. We discuss S. mazaruniensis Jenman, S. parviarticulata W. R. Buck and S. rhodostachya Baker as new distribution records for Brazil, and we designate a lectotype for S. mazaruniensis.