Luiz Boro Puig

A Technique of Anastomosis of the Right Internal Mammary Artery to the Circumflex Artery and Its Branches

A new technique for direct revascularization of the left circumflex artery and its ventricular branches through anastomosis with the right internal mammary artery (RIMA) was applied in 56 patients. Postoperative angiographic studies in 17 patients showed that positioned behind the aorta, the RIMA can reach the circumflex artery with no tension, allowing adequate distal filling.

Right internal thoracic artery through the transverse sinus in myocardial revascularization

BACKGROUND This study presents the late patency rate of the right internal thoracic artery (ITA) used in situ through the pericardium transverse sinus to the circumflex artery and its branches. METHODS From April 1983 to December 1994, 2,642 patients were submitted to myocardial revascularization; 201 of them had bilateral ITAs. The right ITA through the transverse sinus was grafted to obtuse marginal artery in 170 patients (84.5%) and the left ITA was grafted to the anterior descending artery in 188 patients (93.5%). Angiographic studies were performed in 80 patients, 44 patients in the immediate postoperative period and 36 patients in the late follow-up (mean, 51.6 months). RESULTS The right ITA was patent in 75 patients (93.7%) and the left ITA was patent in 77 (96.2%). At the late postoperative period, the right ITA was patent in 33 patients (91.6%) and the left ITA was patent in 34 (94.4%). CONCLUSIONS The right ITA placed through the pericardium transverse sinus has a good long-term patency rate, similar to that observed with the left ITA and superior to that of saphenous vein grafts for myocardial revascularization.

High dose of N-acetylcystein prevents acute kidney injury in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing myocardial revascularization.

BACKGROUND The renoprotective effect of N-acetylcystein in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery is controversial. METHODS We assessed the renoprotective effect of the highest dose of N-acetylcystein sanctioned for clinical use in a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study including 70 chronic kidney disease patients, stage 3 or 4, who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery, on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and off CPB, and were randomly allocated to receive either N-acetylcystein 150 mg/kg followed by 50 mg/kg for 6 hours in 0.9% saline or only 0.9% saline. Acute kidney injury was defined by the Acute Kidney Injury Network classification. RESULTS The incidence of kidney injury was reduced in the N-acetylcystein group (57.1% versus 28.6%, p=0.016). Nonuse of N-acetylcystein (relative risk 3.58, 95% confidence interval: 1.04 to 12.33, p=0.04) and cardiopulmonary bypass (relative risk 4.55, 95% confidence interval: 1.28 to 16.15, p=0.02) were independent predictors of kidney injury. In patients treated with CPB, N-acetylcystein reduced the incidence of kidney injury from 63% to 46%. Oxidative stress was increased in control subjects (p=0.01) and abolished in patients receiving N-acetylcystein. CONCLUSIONS Maximum intravenous doses of N-acetylcystein reduce the incidence of acute kidney injury in patients with kidney disease undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery, abolish oxidative stress, and mitigate the negative effect of CPB on renal function.

Mitral Valve Replacement and Remodeling of the Left Ventricle in Dilated Cardiomyopathy with Mitral Regurgitation: Initial Results

OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effects of a new method of mitral valve replacement on left ventricular (LV) remodeling and heart failure functional class. METHODS Eight patients (6 men) with severe mitral regurgitation from end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy underwent surgery. Five patients were in functional class (FC) IV, 2 were in FC III and 1 was in FC III/IV. Age ranged from 33 to 63 years. Both the anterior and posterior leaflets of the mitral valve were divided into hemileaflets. The resultant 4 pedicles were displaced under traction toward the left atrium and anchored between the mitral annulus and an implanted valvular prosthesis. The beating heart facilitated ideal chordae tendineae positioning. RESULTS All patients survived and were discharged from the hospital. After a mean follow-up period of 6.5 months (1-12 m), 5 patients were in FC I; 2 in FC I/II; and 1 in FC II. The preoperative ejection fraction ranged from 19% to 30% (mean: 25.7 +/- 3.4 %), and the postoperative ejection fraction ranged from 21% to 40% (mean: 31.1 +/- 5.8%). Doppler echocardiography showed evidence of LV remodeling in 4 patients, including lateral wall changes and a tendency of the LV cavity to return to its elliptical shape. CONCLUSION This technique of mitral valve replacement, involving new positioning of the chordae tendineae, allowed LV remodeling and improvement in FC during this brief follow-up period.

Os escores 2000 Bernstein-Parsonnet e EuroSCORE são similares na predição da mortalidade no Instituto do Coração-USP

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of 2000 Bernstein-Parsonnet (2000BP) and additive EuroSCORE (ES) for predicting surgical mortality at the Heart Institute, University of Sao Paulo. METHODS: A prospective observational design. Seven hundred and seventy four patients were operated for coronary artery bypass graft, valve or combined procedure between May and October, 2007, were analyzed. The mortality was estimated with the 2000BP and ES. The correlation between expected mortality and observed mortality was validated through calibration and discrimination test. RESULTS: The patients were stratified into five groups for the 2000BP and three for the ES. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test for 2000BP (P = 0.70) and for ES (P = 0.39) indicate a good calibration. The ROC curve for the 2000BP = 0.84 and for the ES = 0.81 confirms that the models are good predictors (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Both models are similar and adequate in predicting surgical mortality at the InCor-USP.

Plástica da valva mitral: resultados aos 17 anos de experiência

From March 1980 to December 1997, 545 patients underwent 560 mitral valve repairs at the Heart Institute of HCFMUSP. Ages ranged from 3 months to 86 years with mean age of 42.2 and standard deviation of 21.4 years. Two hundred and seventy four (50.3%) were male. Ethiology was rheumatic disease in 234 (42.9%) patients. The techniques used were: quadrangular resection of posterior leaflet in 204 (36.5%) patients, annuloplasty with posterior sling in 139 (24.5%), Carpentier ring annuloplasty in 102 (18.2%), segmentary posterior annuloplasty in 37 (6.6%) and others. Associated procedures were performed in 267 (35.6%) patients with the most frequent tricuspid valve repair in 95 (17%) patients. Immediate mortality was 3.7% (21 patients). The linearizated rates of reoperation, thromboembolism, endocarditis and hemolysis, were respectively 2.9%, 0.6%, 0.3% and 0.1% patient/ year. The actuarial survival rate at 17 years was 76.8 ± 10.8% and the actuarial freedom from endocarditis, thromboembolism, reoperation and hemolisis at 17 years was 98.9 ± 0.6%, 93.9 ± 3.7%, 61.0 ± 7.9% and 99.7 ± 0.2%, respectively. We conclude that patients submitted to mitral valve repair presented satisfactory evolution.

Previous percutaneous coronary intervention as risk factor for coronary artery bypass grafting

BACKGROUND Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has increased as the initial revascularization strategy in chronic coronary artery disease. Consequently, more patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) have history of coronary stent. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the impact of previous PCI on in-hospital mortality after CABG in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. METHODS Between May/2007 and June/2009, 1099 consecutive patients underwent CABG on cardiopulmonary bypass. Patients with no PCI (n=938, 85.3%) were compared with patients with previous PCI (n=161, 14.6%). Logistic regression models and propensity score matching analysis were used to assess the risk-adjusted impact of previous PCI on in-hospital mortality. RESULTS Both groups were similar, except for the fact that patients with previous PCI were more likely to have unstable angina (16.1% x 9.9%, P=0.019). In-hospital mortality after CABG was higher in patients with previous PCI (9.3% x 5.1%, P=0.034) and it was comparable with EuroSCORE and 2000 Bernstein-Parsonnet risk score. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, previous PCI emerged as an independent predictor of postoperative in-hospital mortality (odds ratio 1.94, 95% CI 1.02-3.68, P=0.044) as strong as diabetes (odds ratio 1.86, 95% CI 1.07-3.24, P=0.028). After computed propensity score matching based on preoperative risk factors, in-hospital mortality remained higher among patients with previous PCI (odds ratio 3.46, 95% CI 1.10-10.93, P=0.034). CONCLUSIONS Previous PCI in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease is an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality after CABG.This fact must be considered when PCI is indicated as initial alternative in patients with more severe coronary artery disease.

[Evolution of cardiovascular surgery at the Instituto do Coração: analysis of 71,305 surgeries].

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular surgery has been undergoing transformations due to the advancement of percutaneous techniques, clinical treatment and primary prevention. OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of incidence and mortality of heart surgeries performed at the Instituto do Coracao (InCor-HCFMUSP). METHODS: Using database from the Instituto do Coracao, analysis was carried out on cardiovascular surgeries performed between 1984 and 2007, taking into consideration trends of main procedures and of mortality rates. RESULTS: In 24 years, 71,305 heart surgeries were performed, with an annual average of 2971 procedures. The number of coronary artery bypass graft surgeries, which in the 1980s had an average of 856/year, is currently around 1.106/year. Heart valve procedures increased from 400 to 597 surgeries per year, growing 36.7%, when compared to the 1990s. Repair of congenital heart disease also had a significant increase of 50.8% in relation to the last decade. Global mortality average rate, which at baseline was 7.5%, is currently at 7.0% and 4.9% among elective procedures. In coronary artery bypass graft surgery, current average mortality rate is 4.8% and 8.5% in valve surgery. Repair of congenital heart disease accounts for 5.3%. CONCLUSION: Cardiovascular surgery continues increasing. The coronary artery bypass graft is still the most commonly performed surgery. However, profile of procedures has been undergoing changes with the largest increase of approach to cardiac valves and congenital heart disease. Mortality rates are higher when compared to international rates, reflecting the high complexity presented in tertiary service of national reference.BACKGROUND Cardiovascular surgery has been undergoing transformations due to the advancement of percutaneous techniques, clinical treatment and primary prevention. OBJECTIVE Evaluation of incidence and mortality of heart surgeries performed at the Instituto do Coração (InCor-HCFMUSP). METHODS Using database from the Instituto do Coração, analysis was carried out on cardiovascular surgeries performed between 1984 and 2007, taking into consideration trends of main procedures and of mortality rates. RESULTS In 24 years, 71,305 heart surgeries were performed, with an annual average of 2971 procedures. The number of coronary artery bypass graft surgeries, which in the 1980s had an average of 856/year, is currently around 1.106/year. Heart valve procedures increased from 400 to 597 surgeries per year, growing 36.7%, when compared to the 1990s. Repair of congenital heart disease also had a significant increase of 50.8% in relation to the last decade. Global mortality average rate, which at baseline was 7.5%, is currently at 7.0% and 4.9% among elective procedures. In coronary artery bypass graft surgery, current average mortality rate is 4.8% and 8.5% in valve surgery. Repair of congenital heart disease accounts for 5.3%. CONCLUSION Cardiovascular surgery continues increasing. The coronary artery bypass graft is still the most commonly performed surgery. However, profile of procedures has been undergoing changes with the largest increase of approach to cardiac valves and congenital heart disease. Mortality rates are higher when compared to international rates, reflecting the high complexity presented in tertiary service of national reference.

Substituição valvar com próteses mecânicas de duplo folheto

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to analyze the experience of the Heart Institute with the use of mechanical bileaflet prostheses. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between June 1989 and August 1998, 323 mechanical bileaflet prostheses were implanted in 300 patients. Mean age was 38.7 ± 18.4 years. One hundred and ninety one (63.7%) patients were male. The ethiology was rheumatic fever in 161 (53.7%) patients. One hundred and eighty-six aortic valve replacements, 89 mitral replacements, 2 tricuspid replacements, 22 double mitral and aortic replacement and 1 mitral and tricuspid replacement were performed. Seventy -three (24.3%) patients were in NYHA functional class (FC) IV 165 (55.4%) in FC III and 61 (20.3%) in FC II. RESULTS: Hospital mortality was 9% (27 patients), 13.5% in the mitral group, 7.5% in the aortic group and 4.5% in double mitral and aortic. The linearized rates in the late postoperative period were: 0.3% patient-year for endocarditis, 0.3% patient-year for leak, 0.2% patient-year for hemorrhage and 1.0% patient-year for thromboembolism. In the late postoperative period 213 patients (91%) were in FC I, 16 (6.8%) in FC II, 4 (1.7%) in FC III and 1 (0.5%) in FC IV. The actuarial survival in 9 years was 68.1 ± 15.5% for the mitral group and 67.5 ± 10.8% for the aortic. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the results of valve replacement with mechanical bileaflet prostheses were satisfactory.

Evolução da cirurgia cardiovascular no Instituto do Coração: análise de 71.305 operações

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular surgery has been undergoing transformations due to the advancement of percutaneous techniques, clinical treatment and primary prevention. OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of incidence and mortality of heart surgeries performed at the Instituto do Coracao (InCor-HCFMUSP). METHODS: Using database from the Instituto do Coracao, analysis was carried out on cardiovascular surgeries performed between 1984 and 2007, taking into consideration trends of main procedures and of mortality rates. RESULTS: In 24 years, 71,305 heart surgeries were performed, with an annual average of 2971 procedures. The number of coronary artery bypass graft surgeries, which in the 1980s had an average of 856/year, is currently around 1.106/year. Heart valve procedures increased from 400 to 597 surgeries per year, growing 36.7%, when compared to the 1990s. Repair of congenital heart disease also had a significant increase of 50.8% in relation to the last decade. Global mortality average rate, which at baseline was 7.5%, is currently at 7.0% and 4.9% among elective procedures. In coronary artery bypass graft surgery, current average mortality rate is 4.8% and 8.5% in valve surgery. Repair of congenital heart disease accounts for 5.3%. CONCLUSION: Cardiovascular surgery continues increasing. The coronary artery bypass graft is still the most commonly performed surgery. However, profile of procedures has been undergoing changes with the largest increase of approach to cardiac valves and congenital heart disease. Mortality rates are higher when compared to international rates, reflecting the high complexity presented in tertiary service of national reference.BACKGROUND Cardiovascular surgery has been undergoing transformations due to the advancement of percutaneous techniques, clinical treatment and primary prevention. OBJECTIVE Evaluation of incidence and mortality of heart surgeries performed at the Instituto do Coração (InCor-HCFMUSP). METHODS Using database from the Instituto do Coração, analysis was carried out on cardiovascular surgeries performed between 1984 and 2007, taking into consideration trends of main procedures and of mortality rates. RESULTS In 24 years, 71,305 heart surgeries were performed, with an annual average of 2971 procedures. The number of coronary artery bypass graft surgeries, which in the 1980s had an average of 856/year, is currently around 1.106/year. Heart valve procedures increased from 400 to 597 surgeries per year, growing 36.7%, when compared to the 1990s. Repair of congenital heart disease also had a significant increase of 50.8% in relation to the last decade. Global mortality average rate, which at baseline was 7.5%, is currently at 7.0% and 4.9% among elective procedures. In coronary artery bypass graft surgery, current average mortality rate is 4.8% and 8.5% in valve surgery. Repair of congenital heart disease accounts for 5.3%. CONCLUSION Cardiovascular surgery continues increasing. The coronary artery bypass graft is still the most commonly performed surgery. However, profile of procedures has been undergoing changes with the largest increase of approach to cardiac valves and congenital heart disease. Mortality rates are higher when compared to international rates, reflecting the high complexity presented in tertiary service of national reference.