Luiz Eduardo Moschini

Environmental diagnosis of risk areas related to gas stations

Foram realizados a localizacao e o mapeamento dos postos de combustiveis da area urbana do municipio de Sao Carlos, SP, para um diagnostico ambiental relacionado aos riscos de contaminacao do solo e das aguas superficial e subterrânea em decorrencia de provaveis vazamentos dos tanques de armazenamento subterrâneo de combustivel. A area urbana da cidade de Sao Carlos apresenta um total de 64 postos de combustiveis, 58 dos quais com fins exclusivamente comerciais; um volume potencial de combustivel armazenado de 4.595.000 l associado a um total de 291 tanques de armazenamento subterrâneo, 40 % dos quais associados a postos que funcionam a mais de 15 anos; localizados em terrenos com caracteristicas geologicas de risco potencial para a contaminacao das aguas subterrâneas, e concentradas em areas urbanas com alta e media densidade populacional. Considerando que um dispostivo de restricao legal possibilita que a maioria das areas de uso publico (escolas, creches, postos de saude e hospitais) esteja localizada externa as areas criticas de riscos potenciais aos usuarios das mesmas, estas informacoes sao extremamente uteis para o desenvolvimento de programas voltados a reducao dos riscos a seguranca e a saude publica e a contaminacao do solo e da agua subterrânea.

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of environmental damages through instauration and registers of lawful documents

A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the environmental damages occurrences was conducted through the lawful documents established for charging at the State Prosecution Service of Sao Carlos city, State of Sao Paulo, during 1991 - 2000, to understand the relationship between environmental problems and the current development actions. The environmental damage identified were grouped into nine classes, where deforestation was prevailing in each year along the period of study. Of the total number of deforestation occurrences, 180 was related to areas smaller than 5 ha. It corresponded to 110.35 ha of the total deforested area. The other 37 were associated with areas higher than 5 ha, equivalent to 1,013.27 ha. The registers of environmental damages in the period in a rough estimate, corresponded to a mediam loss of 5.91 ± 4.14 ha/occurrence and of 112.36 ± 91.73 ha/year of deforested area.

Multi-criteria potential groundwater contamination and human activities: Araras watershed, Brazil

ABSTRACT Assessment of groundwater contamination potential using geological, hydrological and hydrogeological attributes, is an efficient mechanism of sub-surface water resources protection and conservation. However, usually this method does not take into consideration the potentially polluting human activities, either in punctual or diffuse sources, or because the relative importance of the attributes are not considered. The paper proposes a multi-criteria approach as a way of solving this gap, reducing subjectivity and considering land use/cover due human actions influence in the process. The study was developed in Araras river watershed (Parana Basin, Brazil) using rock, groundwater, relief, soils, and land use/land cover classification, employing multi-criteria analysis and data of contamination sources. The potential contamination classification showed the predominance (54% of the area) of very high and high potential, especially due to geological environment conditions (exploitation areas and groundwater recharge of the Itarare Aquifer - clastic sedimentary and free flow). The contaminant sources analyzed are located mainly in higher potential contamination areas.

Naturalidade da Paisagem Verificada por Meio de Indicadores Ambientais: Manancial do Rio Monjolinho, São Carlos-SP(Landscape naturalness verified by environmental indicators: Monjolinho River manantial, São Carlos-SP)

A intensificacao da urbanizacao, industrializacao e o aumento das areas destinadas ao agronegocio geram impactos negativos nos ecossistemas, modificando seus processos naturais. Torna-se necessario o emprego de indicadores ambientais que fomentem as tomadas de decisoes para minimizar os impactos gerados pelas atividades humanas. Este trabalho objetivou aplicar o Indice de Urbanidade (IB) e o Indice de Qualidade Ambiental de Recursos Hidricos (IQA-Hidro) na bacia do Rio Monjolinho a fim de verificar o quanto as atividades humanas alteram a naturalidade da paisagem. Os metodos foram baseados na algebra de mapas com o uso do software ArcGIS®, seguidos de uma analise integrada com os indices e atributos ambientais. Os resultados mostraram que 91,46% da area da bacia encontra-se em situacao de degradacao das paisagens naturais. Este cenario contribui para a perda da capacidade da bacia em prestar servicos ecossistemicos, como o fornecimento de agua para o abastecimento da cidade de Sao Carlos. A B S T R A C T The intensification of urbanization, industrialization and the increase of areas destined to agribusiness can generate negative impacts on ecosystems, changing its natural processes. The employment of environmental indicators becomes necessary to foment the decision making in the order to minimize the impacts occasioned by human activities. This work aimed to apply the Urban Index (IB) and the Environmental Quality of Hidric Resources Index (IQA-Hidro) in the Monjolinho Watershed to verify how human activities alter the landscape naturalness. The methods for elaboration of indexes were based on map algebra using the software ArcGIS® and an integrated analysis with the indexes and environmental attributes. The results showed that 91.46% of the area are in a degradative situation of natural landscapes. This scenario contributes to the loss of the basins capacity to provide ecosystem services, such as the water to supply the city of Sao Carlos . Keywords: greoprocessing, hidric resources, territorial planning, environmental indicators.

Alternativas sustentáveis para a mobilidade urbana no município de Ribeirão Bonito (SP)

Urban growth implies increasing individual transport, but the change in the pattern of mobility in cities is shown to be increasingly necessary when we think of quality of life. In order to contribute to these changes, the following work proposes alternatives for urban mobility connecting the living areas located in the urban area of the municipality. The research methodology was based on bibliographic review and use of Geographic Information System (ArcGIS), leading to the realization that Ribeirao Bonito has a large fleet of cars and that the public demands for improvement of the transport system, considering that the construction of bike lanes would improve quality of life. So, the main places of interest for urban traffic were identified, such as hospitals, squares and churches, and from there connections were drawn between the main streets leading to the neighborhoods and connecting to places of interest, creating a network of cycle paths in order to encourage the use of a mean of sustainable transport.

DETERMINAÇÃO DA FRAGILIDADE AMBIENTAL DO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO CARLOS, SÃO PAULO, BRASIL.

O mapa de fragilidade ambiental constitui uma das principais ferramentas da elaboracao do planejamento territorial e permite avaliar as potencialidades do meio ambiente de forma integrada. Diante estas consideracoes o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a analise da fragilidade ambiental do municipio de Sao Carlos (SP). Foram utilizados Sistemas de Informacao Geografica (SIG) para mapear o uso e cobertura da terra, a declividade, a geologia e a pedologia do municipio, os quais deram suporte para aplicacao do Indice de Fragilidade. As caracteristicas ambientais do municipio de Sao Carlos contribuem para seu estado de fragilidade que e potencializada principalmente pelas caracteristicas economicas ligadas a agropecuaria existentes no municipio.