Luiziana Souto Schaefer

Estratégias de coping e sintomas de stress na adolescência

Coping strategies are directed towards the reduction of stress, involving physical or emotional reactions. The overall aim of this study was to identify coping strategies among adolescents exposed to stressful events. Two-hundred and twenty adolescents, ages of 12 and 18 years, male and female, studying in a public school in Porto Alegre (RS), took part of this research. The instruments used were the Coping Strategies Inventory, the Child Stress Scale and school grades. It was found that the coping strategies most frequently employed were Self-control, Withdrawal and Escape-Avoidance. Amongst adolescents with the greatest number of stress-related symptoms, the most frequent coping strategies were Escape-Avoidance, Social Support, Confrontation and Withdrawal.

Bullying na escola: comportamento agressivo, vitimização e conduta pró-social entre pares

Bullying comprises diff erent forms of aggression, intentional and re- peated, perpetrated by one or more individuals towards others, within an une- ven relationship. This study investigates the occurrence of bullying at school, considering aggressive and victimization behaviors, as well as prosocial cha- racteristics of students from 5th and 6th grades in a private school in Canoas (RS, Brazil). The participants of this study were 143 students, of both genders, from 9 to 15 years old. Through Peer Assessment, it was found that 26,57% of the individuals have already been involved in bullying, while boys obtained higher scores in aggressive behaviors and victimization. The outcomes indicate the need to prioritize prevention strategies in educational seings.

Perícia psicológica no abuso sexual de crianças e adolescentes

At the same time that allegations of sexual abuse against children and adolescents are frequent, enhancing urgent protective measures for victims and punishment for the perpetrators, there is also an increasing frequency of void allegations. This paper aims to review, from recent national and international literature, the role of psychological examination in child and adolescent sexual abuse. The literature review shows that since lack of physical evidence is common, a wide psychological evaluation is essential, and must integrate different information sources and indicators, some of which are inconsistent and nonspecific. An expert must have extensive training in the field and knowledge of the current legislation, making sure that the evaluation will not turn out to be traumatic for the client.

Transtorno de estresse pós-traumático decorrente de acidente de trabalho: implicações psicológicas, socioeconômicas e jurídicas

Posttraumatic stress disorder resulting from occupational accident: psychological, socioeconomic, and legal implications. Among the possible consequences of occupational accidents, it is emphasized that although the physical damage are more easily perceived, psychiatric symptoms and disorders have been increasingly observed. In this context, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is one of the most common, causing injuries to workers and having great impact on their quality of life. The aim of this paper was to present a theoretical review of PTSD resulting from occupational accidents as well as review the psychological, socioeconomic and legal consequences triggered by the disorder. From the review of the literature presented, it is evident the impact of PTSD for the individual’s life, with significant losses in their relationships and in the workplace. Finally, the discussion about PTSD in the work environment raises for consideration about prevention, assessment, treatment and compensation.

Transtorno de estresse pós-traumático: evolução dos critérios diagnósticos e prevalência

O transtorno de estresse pos-traumatico (TEPT) se caracteriza por sintomas persistentes de revivencia, evitacao e entorpecimento, e excitabilidade aumentada, apos a exposicao a um evento traumatico. Estudos epidemiologicos mostram que, entre os transtornos de ansiedade, o TEPT e o terceiro mais prevalente. Desde 1980, quando foi reconhecido como um diagnostico valido, mudancas conceituais importantes ocorreram. A partir disso, o presente artigo apresenta uma revisao critica da literatura sobre o desenvolvimento dos criterios diagnosticos do TEPT ao longo das edicoes do Manual diagnostico e estatistico dos transtornos mentais (DSM), bem como informacoes sobre a prevalencia do transtorno.

Adaptação e validação de conteúdo da versão brasileira do Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory

OBJECTIVE To translate, adapt and validate the contents of the Brazilian version of the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory. METHODS: The process of translation and adaptation of the initial instructions and items involved five steps: (1) translation; (2) back translation; (3) correction and semantic adaptation; (4) content validation by professional experts (judges); and (5) test of final version through a verbal-numbered scale. As performance indicators for understanding, the scores of central tendency (mean) and dispersion (standard deviation) were calculated for each item in step 5. Satisfactory comprehension was defined as a mean score ≥ 3. RESULTS The 36 questions and the initial instructions were translated and adapted to create the Brazilian version of the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory. In the final stage of testing, 45 adults answered the items and demonstrated an adequate understanding of the instrument in the verbal-numbered scale (M = 4.13; dp = 0.11). CONCLUSIONS The Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory is an easily understood and semantically valid instrument. Further studies are needed to verify and evaluate the appropriateness of its psychometric properties for the Brazilian population.OBJECTIVE To translate, adapt and validate the contents of the Brazilian version of the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory. METHODS The process of translation and adaptation of the initial instructions and items involved five steps: (1) translation; (2) back translation; (3) correction and semantic adaptation; (4) content validation by professional experts (judges); and (5) test of final version through a verbal-numbered scale. As performance indicators for understanding, the scores of central tendency (mean) and dispersion (standard deviation) were calculated for each item in step 5. Satisfactory comprehension was defined as a mean score ≥ 3. RESULTS The 36 questions and the initial instructions were translated and adapted to create the Brazilian version of the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory. In the final stage of testing, 45 adults answered the items and demonstrated an adequate understanding of the instrument in the verbal-numbered scale (M = 4.13; dp = 0.11). CONCLUSIONS The Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory is an easily understood and semantically valid instrument. Further studies are needed to verify and evaluate the appropriateness of its psychometric properties for the Brazilian population.

Psychometric Properties of the Child Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory in a Sample of Brazilian Children

Cognitive models of trauma propose that maladaptive cognitions in children and adolescents are causally implicated in the unfolding and maintenance of posttraumatic response. The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Child Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (CPTCI). The sample included 131 children and adolescents. The psychometric properties of the CPTCI were examined, including reliability and convergent validity. The results showed high internal consistency for both CPTCI total scale (α = .90) and its subscales (CPTCI–PC α = .88 and CPTCI–SW α = .79) and a 2-component solution explaining 37.63% of the variance of CPTCI. Convergent validity evidence was obtained through correlations with the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children and Children’s Depression Inventory. Findings suggest that CPTCI instruments are reliable and had adequate evidence of validity.

Eventos estressores e estratégias de coping em adolescentes: implicações na aprendizagem

Throughout our lives we come across events that we think we are not able to deal with, which can generate a state of tension in the body called stress. The changes resulting from the stress and their impact on people’s lives may aggravate the maladjustment on the individual development, particularly in the school environment. This article explores the relationship between stressful events, stress and coping strategies in adolescents, discussing the possible implications of these factors in the learning process. Moreover, environmental factors, the neurobiology of stress and the role of resilience in coping with stressful situations are described.Throughout our lives we come across events that we think we are not able to deal with, which can generate a state of tension in the body called stress. The changes resulting from the stress and their impact on people’s lives may aggravate the maladjustment on the individual development, particularly in the school environment. This article explores the relationship between stressful events, stress and coping strategies in adolescents, discussing the possible implications of these factors in the learning process. Moreover, environmental factors, the neurobiology of stress and the role of resilience in coping with stressful situations are described.

Adaptation and content validation of the Brazilian version of the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory

OBJECTIVE To translate, adapt and validate the contents of the Brazilian version of the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory. METHODS: The process of translation and adaptation of the initial instructions and items involved five steps: (1) translation; (2) back translation; (3) correction and semantic adaptation; (4) content validation by professional experts (judges); and (5) test of final version through a verbal-numbered scale. As performance indicators for understanding, the scores of central tendency (mean) and dispersion (standard deviation) were calculated for each item in step 5. Satisfactory comprehension was defined as a mean score ≥ 3. RESULTS The 36 questions and the initial instructions were translated and adapted to create the Brazilian version of the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory. In the final stage of testing, 45 adults answered the items and demonstrated an adequate understanding of the instrument in the verbal-numbered scale (M = 4.13; dp = 0.11). CONCLUSIONS The Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory is an easily understood and semantically valid instrument. Further studies are needed to verify and evaluate the appropriateness of its psychometric properties for the Brazilian population.OBJECTIVE To translate, adapt and validate the contents of the Brazilian version of the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory. METHODS The process of translation and adaptation of the initial instructions and items involved five steps: (1) translation; (2) back translation; (3) correction and semantic adaptation; (4) content validation by professional experts (judges); and (5) test of final version through a verbal-numbered scale. As performance indicators for understanding, the scores of central tendency (mean) and dispersion (standard deviation) were calculated for each item in step 5. Satisfactory comprehension was defined as a mean score ≥ 3. RESULTS The 36 questions and the initial instructions were translated and adapted to create the Brazilian version of the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory. In the final stage of testing, 45 adults answered the items and demonstrated an adequate understanding of the instrument in the verbal-numbered scale (M = 4.13; dp = 0.11). CONCLUSIONS The Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory is an easily understood and semantically valid instrument. Further studies are needed to verify and evaluate the appropriateness of its psychometric properties for the Brazilian population.

Reações pós-traumáticas em adultos: como, por que e quais aspectos avaliar?

Exposure to a traumatic situation makes the individual vulnerable to the development of several psychopathologies, including the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). However, other reactions and disorders may be developed after a traumatic event. This article aims to provide a review of the aspects that should be considered in clinical assessment of post-traumatic reactions in adults, with emphasis on PTSD. The psychological consequences for victims who experience a trauma were revised, as well as risk factors for PTSD and comorbidities commonly associated. Finally, suggestions have been made on methods and tools for assessment of post-traumatic reactions in adults. From the evaluation process, it was concluded that it should be possible to identify symptoms and disorders caused by traumatic situation experienced, as well as possible risk and protective factors , so that these aspects can be worked in terms of prevention and/or treatment.