Luo Guangsheng

Directly suspended droplet microextraction in a rotating vial.

In this paper, a novel suspended droplet microextraction method was developed for the detection of trace of organic compounds in water samples. The process was executed in a rotating extraction vial without the use of a stir bar. A single drop of octan-1-ol placed on top of the water sample was used as the solvent. The droplet remained on top of the water sample as a thin layer with an expanding surface area during the extraction stage, while during the sampling stage, the droplet was collected and sampled by inserting a needle. The volume of the microdroplet used was 3 microL or less, to ensure high organic compound sensitivity. The microextraction experimental setup was simple, utilizing centrifugal forces and possesses the advantages of low cross-contaminant/interference and applicability to water samples apt to emulsification. Nitrobenzene was selected as a model organic compound, and samples were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) or UV-vis spectrometry. Analysis of the microextraction method results showed a relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 3.82%.

Structure of the Semi-decoupled 1/2[411] Band in Odd Proton Nucleus169Ta

High spin states of the odd proton-nucleus 169Ta have been populated in the reaction 155Gd(19F,5n) with beam energies of 97 MeV. Rotational band based on d3/2 proton 1/2[411] Nilsson state has been pushed up to 39/2+ in the α = 1/2 decay sequence. Its signature partner, the α = -1/2 decay sequence with four link transitions has been established and 1/2[411] band in 169Ta was reassigned to be a semi-decoupled band. The systematics of the signature splitting in the K = 1/2 bands in the rear-earth region and the accidental degeneracy conclusion given by the angular projection shell model were discussed.

Proposed Chiral Doublet Bands in 98Tc

High spin states in odd-odd98 Tc nuclei are studied by in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy with the 96Zr(6Li, 4n) fusion-evaporation reaction at a beam energy of 35 MeV. The previous level scheme is updated. A band based on 1090.7 keV is expanded, and another band based on 1920.6 keV is newly identified. The observed two negative parity bands in 98Tc are proposed to be a pair of chiral doublet bands with the configuration πg9/2 ⊗ νh11/2. The evidence supporting the assignment of the chiral doublet bands is discussed. Signature splitting and signature inversion are observed in the πg9/2 ⊗ νh11/2 band in 98Tc.

Measurements of g-Factor of Rotational Levels in 83Y

The g-factors of the positive parity rotational levels up to spin I = 41/2+ in 83Y have been measured by a transient-magnetic-field ion implantation perturbed angular distribution method. The experimentally measured g-factors show the g9/2 proton alignment followed by the g9/2 neutron alignment. The measured g-factors are in good agreement with the results calculated by an empirical formula based on the cranking shell model.

Lifetimes of Excited Levels in131Ce

The fusion–evaporation reaction 116Sn (19F, p3n) 131Ce at projectile energy of 95 MeV is used to populate high spin states in 131Ce. The de-exciting γ-rays are detected in γ–γ coincidence measurement with Compton-suppressed BGO-HPGe detectors. Level lifetimes of 131Ce were determined by using the Doppler shift attenuation method. The experimental results indicate that collectivity of 131Ce is reduced relative to that of 130Ce and it follows that deformation decreases with increase of the neutron number on the basis of systematic comparison of transition quadrupole moments for the light cerium isotopes.

Lifetimes of High Spin Yrast States in Odd-Proton Nucleus131Pr

Lifetimes of the high spin yrast states in the odd-proton-nucleus 131Pr have been determined by analysing the Doppler broadened line shapes for the de-exciting ?-rays following the 116Sn (19F,4n) 131Pr reaction at a bombarding energy of 95?MeV. The transition quadrupole moments extracted from the measured lifetimes exhibit a considerable reduction near the rotational frequency of 0.42?MeV, at which the J(1) and J(2) moments of inertia indicate a band crossing. The experimental result demonstrates occurrence of the nuclear shape change induced by band crossing associated with the alignment of a pair of h11/2 protons.

Lifetimes of High Spin States in an Odd-Proton Nucleus 129Cs

Lifetimes of high spin states in 129Cs are measured using the Doppler shift attenuation method. The high spin states of 129Cs are populated following the fusion evaporation reaction 124Sn(11B, 6n)129Cs at a beam energy of 65 MeV. The reduced transition probabilities B(E2) and the transition quadrupole moments Qt in the negative- and positive-parity bands are deduced. The experimental results indicate that the Qt values of the negative parity band are smaller than those of the positive parity bands, probably due to different ?-deformation driving effects of different proton orbitals. The Qt values exhibit a considerable increase near the band crossing region in these bands. This behavior demonstrates that nuclear shape changing results from the neutron or proton alignments. The signature splitting of the ?h11/2 and ?g7/2 bands shows the opposite changing trend after backbending due to the h11/2 neutron and h11/2 proton alignments, respectively.

Measurements of g-Factor of Rotational Band States in 82Sr

The g-factors of the positive parity rotational states up to spin I = 8+ for the ground state band in even-even nuclei 82Sr have been measured by a transient-magnetic-field ion implantation perturbed angular distribution method. The experimentally measured g-factors increase with the increasing spin along the band and show that the g9/2 proton aligns only and the alignment starts from I = 6+. The measured g-factors also indicate that the nuclei 82Sr gain their spins by the quasi-proton alignment at higher spin.

Dynamics of partially obstructed breakup of bubbles in microfluidic Y-junctions

For revealing the dynamics of partially obstructed breakup of bubbles in microfluidic Y‐junctions, the combination of dimensionless power‐law and geometric model was applied to study the effects of capillary number, bubble length, and channel angle on the bubble rupture process. In the squeezing process, the gas‐liquid interface curve follows the parabolic model. For the evolution of the bubble neck during breakup, the increase of the bubble length, the channel angle, and the capillary number leads to the decrease of the focus distance α. The chord m increases with the increase of the capillary number and the decrease of the bubble length, and it would reach the maximum value when the channel angle is 90°. In the fast pinch‐off stage during bubble breakup, the bubbles neck curve no longer conforms to the parabolic model so the focus and chord no longer exist. For the evolution of the bubble head during breakup, the value of γ approaches 1 with the increase of the capillary number and the bubble length, and with the close of the channel angle to 90°. It is found that the quadrilateral model can be applied for the partially obstructed rupture of bubbles in the symmetrical microfluidic Y‐junction.

Shape Co-Existence in the Transitional Nuclide 157Yb

High-spin states in 157Yb have been populated in the 144Sm(16O, 3n)157Yb fusion-evaporation reaction at a beam energy of 85 MeV, and two rotational bands have been established for the first time. Within the framework of the triaxial particle-rotor model, the energy spectra and single-particle configurations of 157Yb are investigated. The calculated energy spectra agree well with the experimental data. The newly observed νf7/2 band, and the previously known νi13/2 band in 157Yb, are also discussed by means of Total-Routhian-Surface methods. The structural characters observed in 157Yb provide evidence for the shape coexistence of three distinct shapes: prolate, triaxial and oblate. At higher spins, both the νf7/2 band and the νi13/2 band in 157Yb undergo a shape evolution with sizable alignments occurring.