Lynn S. Beedle

Second century of the skyscraper

Planning and Environmental Criteria.- Introductory Review.- Philosophy of Tall Buildings.- The Philosophy and the Future of the Skyscraper.- History of Tall Buildings.- The Two Centuries of Technical Evolution Underlying the Skyscraper.- The Relative Value of Invention and the History of Tall Buildings.- Evolution of the Skyscraper: A History of the Tall Building in Chicago.- Social Effects of the Environment.- Times Arrow: Tall Moving Targets and Social Research.- Social and Environmental Factors of High-Rise Living: A Singapore Experience.- Socio-Political Influences.- The Urban Ecology of Tall Buildings.- Economics.- A Preliminary Model for the Economic Analysis of Tall Buildings.- Architecture.- Architecture and Society.- Tall Buildings as Symbols.- Considerations for Urban Architecture and the Tall Building.- A Perspective on Architectural Directions.- The Architecture of Large Buildings.- Impact of European Technical Culture on the Development of Tall Building Architecture.- Interior Design.- Building Design Consultation.- The Inside Story: How Structure and Services Impact Office Design in Tall Buildings.- Urban Planning and Design.- Chicago Update.- San Francisco Downtown Plan and the Skyscraper.- The Chicago Perspective: Response to the San Francisco Plan.- The San Francisco Downtown Plan: A Tale of Two Cities.- Tall Buildings, Tight Streets.- Skylobbies as Interconnecting Links Amid the Cluster of Skyscrapers.- Project Management.- Project Management for Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat.- Scheduling Tall Buildings.- Tall Buildings in Developing Countries.- High-Rise Development in India.- Development and Investment.- Developing Tall Buildings to Meet Future Needs: Transco Tower Case History.- Systems and Concepts.- Introductory Review.- Structural Systems.- The Composite High-Rise Building-An Interaction of Planning, Structure, Speed, and Economy.- A Tall Building of Stacked Steel and Concrete Structures.- A Tall Building Core-Hanger Interaction System.- Transfer Structures.- Investigation and Prevention of Failures.- Cladding.- Design of Glass Against Breakage.- Construction Systems.- Innovations in High-Rise Construction.- Times Square Office Center: The Story of a High-Rise Complex.- Foundation Design.- Recent Improvements in Foundations.- High-Rise Housing.- High-Rise Public Housing Development in Singapore.- Demand for High-Rise Housing in the United States.- A Comparison of High-Rise Housing in India with Industrialized Countries.- Prefabricated Tall Buildings.- Prefabricated Concrete Systems.- INTEGRO: Open-Element Prefabricated Construction System.- Robots and Tall Buildings.- Construction Robotics in Japan.- Application of Systems Methodology.- Computer Integrated Facilities Management.- Reduce Operating Expenses by Computerizing Facilities Management.- Perceptions of the Computer in Design.- Role of Expert Systems in High-Rise Building Design.- Knowledge-Based Systems for Tall Buildings.- Building Service Systems.- Introductory Review.- Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC).- High-Rise Office Buildings: Changes Anticipated by the Year 2000.- Vertical and Horizontal Transportation.- Energy Consumption and Power Requirements of Elevators.- Space-Saving Elevators for the Very Tall Building.- High-Tech Tall Buildings.- Current and Future Trends: The New Age of Buildings.- Criteria and Loading.- Introductory Review.- Earthquake Loading and Response.- Behavior of Structures Retrofitted with Diagonal Steel Bracings During the 1985 Mexico City Earthquake.- Damage Statistics of the September 19, 1985 Earthquake in Mexico City.- Effects of the September 19, 1985 Earthquake on the Buildings of Mexico City.- Lessons of the Mexico City Earthquake.- Wind Loading and Wind Effects.- Definition of Wind Pressure on Tall Buildings.- Air Infiltration and Internal Pressures in Tall Buildings.- Effects of Higher Modes on Response of Wind-Excited Tall Buildings.- The Response of Supertall Buildings to Wind.- Fire.- Fire Safety Design for Tall Buildings: Recent Developments.- Structural Safety and Quality Assurance.- Safety, Quality Assurance, and Performance.- Structural Safety: Some Problems of Achievement and Control.- Motion Perception and Tolerance.- Motion in Tall Buildings.- Damping in Tall Buildings.- The Role of Damping Systems.- Structural Design of Tall Steel Buildings.- Introductory Review.- Commentary on Structural Standards.- Structural Standards.- Methods of Analysis and Design.- Seismic Design of Tall Steel Buildings.- Stability.- Design for Strength (Stability).- Design Methods Based on Stiffness.- Adaptive Expert System for Preliminary Design of Wind Bracings in Steel Skeleton Structures.- Connections.- Connection Flexibility in Steel Frames.- Load and Resistance Factor Design (Limit States Design).- Serviceability Limits for Tall Buildings.- Structural Design of Tall Concrete and Masonry Buildings.- Introductory Review.- Commentary on Structural Standards.- Building Codes.- Selection of Structural Systems.- Concrete Buildings-A Mile High.- Elastic Analysis.- Methods of Analysis in the Design of Tall Concrete and Masonry Buildings.- Precast Panel Structures.- Precast and Prestressed Concrete Directions in Australia and Southeast Asia.- Creep, Shrinkage, and Temperature Effects.- Deterioration of Concrete.- Masonry Structures.- U. S. Coordinated Program for Masonry Building Research.- Project Descriptions.- Superstructure of OUB Centre, Singapore.- The Skyscrapers Base: Architecture, Landscape and Use in the Dallas Arts District.- Append.- High-Rise Building Data Base.- Nomenclature.- Symbols.- Abbreviations.- Units.- References/Bibliography.- Building Index.- Name Index.

High-rise habitat

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the various aspects related to high-rise habitat. Another major function of high-rise habitat in addition to supporting floor loads is to provide protection from the elements—from wind, rain, lightning, and earthquake. Fire and blast are additional design criteria. Because the successful completion of a high-rise project involves so many different disciplines, one finds increasingly that the design work is carried out more by a team (architect, engineer, planner, landscape architect) than by an individual. A systems approach becomes absolutely essential on major projects, the heart of which is interactions. It is these interactions that are so important and that are so often neglected. Beyond the successful completion of a particular tall building is a much larger problem, one that stems from the exploding population. Severe as the impact of a population doubling rate of 35–40 years might be, the rate at which cities are growing creates a greater problem.