M. Billy
Centre national de la recherche scientifique
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Oxidation of Metals | 1979
J. Desmaison; P. Lefort; M. Billy
The oxidation of 0.13 mm thick TiN0.83 plates between 850 and 1005°C and 0.38 mm thick TiN0.79 plates between 890 and 1220°C was studied at oxygen pressures in the range 15–600 Torr. The oxidation behavior of the first compound, TiN0.83, was found to be very close to that recently described for the nitride TiN0.91. There was formation of a rutile scale with a layered structure and the kinetics were quasilinear for conversion degrees 0.25<α<0.9. By applying a pseudolinear oxidation model involving a diffusion regime through a scale of variable thickness, it was found that the activation energy of the limiting process, i.e., the diffusion of the reactants through the inner growing layer, was ∼43 kcal/mole. The second compound, TiN0.79, showed a slightly better oxidation resistance. The irregular kinetic curves obtained (mainly above 1000°C) were associated with sintering and grain growth in the oxide starting at the outer surface of the scale and gave indirect information on the pressure dependence of the linear oxidation of nitrides TiN0.83 and TiN0.91.
Journal of The Less Common Metals | 1981
P. Lefort; J. Desmaison; M. Billy
The oxidation of vanadium in oxygen between 560 and 640 °C leads to the formation of a compact layer of oxide containing mainly V2O5 but also small amounts of the suboxides V6O13, V3O7 and VO2. Simultaneously the metal dissolves a small quantity of oxygen with the formation of the α-VOx phase. For small and thin (125 μm) samples oxidation is initially governed by a mixed diffusion regime in the oxide layer and in the metal, which is influenced by the oxygen pressure. After saturation of the substrate a new rate-controlling process appears, which is the simultaneous volume diffusion of cations and anions in opposite directions in the oxide layer. The process is independent of pressure and is associated with an energy of activation of 45 ± 4 kcal mol−1.
Journal of The Less Common Metals | 1978
Pierre Lefort; Jean Desmaison; M. Billy
Resume Le comportement de plaquettes de nitrure de titane TiN0,91 en atmosphere doxygene a ete etudie entre 825 et 1045 °C pour des pressions comprises entre 13,5 et 730 Torr. Les courbes cinetiques, quasi-lineaires pour des degres davancement 0,15 ν= dα dt = constante ƒ (P) exp (− 59 000 RT ) La reaction conduit a la formation dun revětement de rutile de structure feuilletee. Le mecanisme propose fait intervenir un regime de diffusion a travers une couche depaisseur variable, le processus limitant etant assure par la diffusion du titane ou de loxygene a travers le feuillet interne en cours dedification. Ce modele rend bien compte des resultats cinetiques et des observations morphologiques mais explique mal linfluence de la pression dallure homographique.
Materials Chemistry and Physics | 1984
P. Raynaud; F. Nardou; M. Billy
Abstract The oxidation scale obtained by oxidizing titanium foils in water vapour above 800°C is mainly composed of porous rutile. As the reaction proceeds, a solid solution of Tiα precipitates leading to an intermediate suboxide scale of variable composition TiOx. In connection with the microstructural study, it can be concluded that the rutile scale grows at the inner interface TiO 2 TiO x thus excluding the possibility of a rate-determining diffusion step.
Journal of The Less Common Metals | 1987
K. Bouzouita; J. Desmaison; M. Billy
Resume Par comparaison avec son comportement dans loxygene, loxydation du nitrure de tantale TaN en plaques par les melanges CO 2 ue5f8CO dans lintervalle 950–1050 °C se distingue par la formation dune mince couche doxynitrure TaON a linterface interne et par la non fragmentation des echantillons en fin de reaction. Le mecanisme doxydation se revele fort complexe comme le montre, dune part, la variation de lenergie dactivation avec la temperature et, dautre part, levolution de la forme des courbes cinetiques avec la temperature et le rapport P CO 2 P CO .
Journal of The Less Common Metals | 1988
F. Nardou; Raffy Degh Khadirian; M. Billy
Resume Lorsque lon porte des plaquettes de zirconium de deux epaisseurs differentes dans la vapeur deau a haute temperature, il apparait des ecarts cinetiques qui evoluent avec le degre davancement de la reaction et avec la temperature malgre un mecanisme doxydation identique. Ces ecarts correspondent a une plus faible relaxation des contraintes de croissance induites par loxydation et un taux de contraintes residuelles plus eleve dans le cas des fortes epaisseurs.
Journal of The Less Common Metals | 1988
K Bouzouita; J. Desmaison; M. Billy
Resume Le comportement sous atmosphere CO2-CO du nitrure de tantale en poudre a ete etudie dans lintervalle 850–990 °C pour des rapports P co2 P co compris entre 0.1 et 9. Les courbes cinetiques sont dallure sigmoidale. La reaction conduit a la formation dun revetement poreux doxyde Ta2O5 et doxynitrure TaON. Le mecanisme doxydation, comparable a celui observe dans le cas de loxydation du nitrure en symetrie plane, est profondement perturbe par les contraintes de croissances developpees au sein de la couche doxyde.
Archive | 1999
Laszlo Adler; Christophe Mattei; M. Billy; G. Quentin
Leaky-Rayleigh waves have been studied extensively at liquid-solid interface in the last 30 years [1–4]. Both leaky-Rayleigh and leaky-Lamb waves have found many application in Nondestructive Evaluation, e.g. surface defect characterization, etc [5,6]. Because of the difficulties associated with ultrasonic wave generation and detection in air in the megaHerz region air coupled non destructive evaluation has only recently been explored [7,8].
Journal of The Less Common Metals | 1988
F. Nardou; P. Raynaud; M. Billy
Resume Lattaque intergranulaire observee au cours de loxydation de plaquettes de nitrure de titane dans des melanges hydrogene-vapeur deau, est, par des essais comparatifs avec differentes atmospheres, reliee a la presence dhydrogene au niveau de linterface substrat/oxyde.
Journal of the American Ceramic Society | 1993
Pierre Lefort; M. Billy