M. C. Bowman

Host-Seeking Stimulant for Parasite of Corn Earworm: Isolation, Identification, and Synthesis

13-Methylhentriacontane has been identified in the feces and larvae of the corn earworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), as the major constituent that triggers the short-range host-seeking response of the parasite Microplitis croceipes (Cresson). This chemical, the first found that mediates the complex host-parasite relation, could upgrade present efforts to use parasites for insect control. Bioassay of closely related compounds indicated that the structural requirements for activity are remarkably specific.

Spectrophotofluorescent and spectrophotophosphorescent data on insecticidal carbamates and the analysis of five carbamates in milk by spectrophotofluorometry

The use of spectrophotofluorometry (SPF) and spectrophotophosphorimetry (SPP) for residue analyses has been limited. macdougall (1962 and 1964) reviewed the use of fluorescence for pesticide residue analysis and suggested other areas of residue analysis in which SPF might be applicable. In addition to material covered in these reviews, hydrolysis followed by SPF has been applied to the determination of Zinophos® (O,O-diethyl O-2-pyrazinyl phosphorothioate) in soil and plant tissues (KIIGEMAGI and TERRIERE 1963), azinphosmethyl [Guthion®, O,O-dimethyl S-4-oxo-l,2,3-benzotriazin-3 (4H) -ylmethyl phosphorodithioate] in milk and animal tissues (LOEFFLER et al. 1966, ADAMS and ANDERSON 1966), and Maretin (N-hydroxynaphthalimide diethyl phosphate) in animal tissues (ANDERSON et al. 1966). A fluorometric method for the analysis of methyl paraoxon (dimethyl p-nitrophenyl phosphate) has been published (SKURIC 1965). In a comparison of analytical techniques for the detection and determination of five carbamate insecticides, EBERLE and GUNTHER (1965) included SPF as a method which can be used to determine carbaryl and Zectran®1 after hydrolysis. KNAAK et al. (1965) used fluorometric analysis for aqueous solutions of carbaryl and its metabolites although they reported that carbaryl showed no fluorescence in some organic solvents.

Spectra and analyses of insecticide synergists and related compounds containing the methylenedioxy- phenyl group by spectrophotofluorometry (SPF) and spectrophotophosphorimetry (SPP)

Methylenedioxyphenyl synergists are used widely to enhance the activity of pyrethroids and carbamates. Thus, means of analyzing for these synergists are frequently required. Most of the trace methods we have at present for these analyses are colorimetric or spectrophotometric (allen et al. 1962, beroza 1956 b, blum 1955, bowman et al. 1961, budowski et al. 1950 and 1951, jones et al. 1952, suarez et al. 1952); however, other analytical procedures have appeared. Methods of distinguishing these synergists by paper and thin-layer chromatography have been published (beroza 1956 c and 1963), and a recent study disclosed that piperonyl butoxide and sulfoxide may be gas chromatographed, although sulfoxide breaks down in the process (zielinski and fishbein 1966). A spectrophotometric method for determining sulfoxide in formulations has been reported (haus et al. 1964 and 1965).