M. C. García-Vallejo

Volatile Constitutents of Four Lippia Species from Córdoba (Argentina)

ABSTRACT The volatile oils from four species of genus Lippia of the Verbenaceae family, Lippia turbinata, L. polystachya, L. junelliana and L. integrifolia have been examined by means of GC/MS and IR in combination with retention indices. The main constituents of the essential oil of L. turbinata were found to be α-thujone (28.29%), carvone (7.40%), β-caryophyllene (5.39%), germacrene-D (5.16%), bicyclogermacrene (4.53%), spathulenol (6.06%) and caryophyllene oxide (7.03%). The volatile oil of L. polystachya was found to contain α-thujone (68.94%) and carvone (10.34%) as major components. The oil from L. junelliana was characterized by the presence of large amounts of myrcenone (15.48%), myrcene (7.92%), limonene (9%), camphor (10.55%), (E)-tagetenone (6.30%), trans-dihydrocarvone (5.85%) and cis-dihydrocarvone (16.65%). The main components of the volatile oil of L. integrifolia were shown to be camphor (16.20%), africanene isomers (5.04%), lippifoli-l(6)-en-5-one (16.70%) and an unidentified component (1...

Low molecular weight polyphenols in leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. globulus and E. rudis

Ether soluble polyphenols from leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. globulusand E. rudis have been studied. The phenolic aldehyde vanillin, the phenolic acids gallic, protocatechuic and ellagic acids, some flavonol glycosides (rutin, quercetin-3-arabinoside, quercetin-3,7-dirhamnoside, quercitrin, kaempferol-3-arabinoside and their aglycones), one flavanone (naringenin) and two flavones (luteolin and apigenin) were identified and quantified. Some ellagitannins, flavonols and flavanones were recognized according to their ultra-violet spectra. E. camaldulensis and E. rudis showed the highest concentrations and varieties of flavonol glycosides, whilst E. globulus was characterized by high concentrations of ellagitannins.

Suberin Composition of Reproduction Cork from Quercus suber

The monomeric composition of suberins from Spanish Quercus suber was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in the product of depolymerization of free extractives cork with sodium methoxide-methanol. I-Alkanols (C 20 -C 26 )(1,8-6,4%), alkanoic acids (C 20 -C 24 )(2.2-8,1%), α,ω-alkanedioic acids (C 16 -C 24 )(6,1-10,2%) and ω-hydroxy-alkanoic acids (C 20 -C 26 , being C 22 and C 24 the most abundant) (28,7-37,3%) are identified. The erythro- and threo-9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanedioic (5,4-7,5%), erythro- and threo-9,10,18,-trihydroxyoctadecanoic (7.6-11.8%), 9,10-epoxy-18-hydroxy-octadecanoic (1,2-3,1% and 9,10-epoxy-octadecanodioic acids (1,0-4,4%) and the unsaturated 18-hydroxy-9-octadecenoic (8.1-11,5%) and 9-octadecenedioic (1.5-2.4 %) acids are also important components. Ferulic acid (5,3-9,1%) is the main phenolic component of suberin. The studied samples differ in the relative proportion of the different monomers.

Tannin composition of Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. globulus and E. rudis. Part I. Wood

In this work, a study on tannins (proanthocyanidins and ellagitannins) is carried out in bark extracts from different Eucalyptus species grown in Spain : E. camaldulensis, E. globulus and E. rudis. The tannin analysis was carried out using HPLC and classical chemical methods. Bark extracts were characterized by the abundance of polymeric proanthocyanidins and by the diversity of ellagitannins, The ellagitannins composition was related with the species and the tree provenance, allowing to discriminate E. globulus from E. camaldulensis and E. rudis.

High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Polyphenols in Leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. globulus and E. rudis: Proanthocyanidins, Ellagitannins and Flavonol Glycosides

Polyphenols of adult leaves from Eucalyptus globulus, E. camaldulensis and E. rudis grown in Spain, in two areas with different edaphoclimatical characteristics, were estimated by chemical methods and by high pressure liquid chromatography. Leaf extracts consisted mainly of proanthocyanidins, ellagitannins and flavonol glycosides. Knowledge of the ellagitannins allows the discrimination of the three species, with E. globulus being well differentiated from the other two. However, the pattern of flavonol glycosides only permitted the discrimination of E. rudis with respect to E. camaldulensis and E. globulus.

Polyphenolic composition of bark extracts from Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. globulus and E. rudis

Polyphenolic composition (flavonoids and phenolic acids and aldehydes) is studied in the Et2O soluble fractions of the methanolic extracts ofEucalyptus camaldulensis, E. globulus andE. rudis bark. Gallic, protocatechuic, vanillic and ellagic acids, and protocatechuic aldehyde were identified in the three species; eriodictyol, quercetin and naringenin, inE. camaldulensis andE. globulus; vanillin, inE. camaldulensis andE. rudis; naringin, quercitrin, luteolin and kaempferol, inE. camaldulensis; taxifolin and apigenin, inE. globulus; and methyl benzoates and cinnamates, inE. rudis. Some unidentified ellagitannins, flavonols and flavanones were also detected. Significant differences in composition among species were found:E. rudis showed the lowest concentration in flavonoids andE. globulus presented higher concentration and variety of ellagitannins than the others.ZusammenfassungDie in Ethylether und Methanol löslichen Extrakte der Rinde von drei Eukalyptusarten wurde hinsichtlich ihre Polyphenolanteile untersucht (Flavanoide, phenolische Säuren und Aldehyde). In allen drei Arten wurden Gallussäure, Protocatechusäure, Vanillinsäure und Ellagsäure identifiziert. Eriodictyol, Quercitin und Naringenin fanden sich inE. camaldulensis undE. globulus, Vanillin inE. camaldulensis undE. rudis. Naringin, Quercitrin, Luteolin und Kampher wurden inE. camaldulensis identifiziert, Taxifolin und Apigenin inE. globulus. Benzoate und Cinnamate wurden inE. rudis entdeckt. Weiterhin wurden einige noch nicht identifizierte Ellagitannine, Flavanole und Flavanone gefunden. Charakteristische Unterschiede zwischen den Arten ware folgende:E. rudis zeigt die niedrigste Konzentration an Flavonoiden;E. globulus weist höhere Konzentrationen und größere Variationen der Ellagitannine auf.

HPLC analysis of flavonoids and phenolic acids and aldehydes in Eucalyptus spp.

SummaryStandards of the polyphenols occurring in wood, bark and leaf extracts ofEucalyptus spp. (i.e. flavonoids and phenolic acids and aldehydes) have been analyzed by HPLC using reversed phase columns, gradient elution and diode-array detection. The conditions used are reported.

Polyphenolic composition of bark extracts fromEucalyptus camaldulensis, E. globulus andE. rudis

Polyphenolic composition (flavonoids and phenolic acids and aldehydes) is studied in the Et2O soluble fractions of the methanolic extracts ofEucalyptus camaldulensis, E. globulus andE. rudis bark. Gallic, protocatechuic, vanillic and ellagic acids, and protocatechuic aldehyde were identified in the three species; eriodictyol, quercetin and naringenin, inE. camaldulensis andE. globulus; vanillin, inE. camaldulensis andE. rudis; naringin, quercitrin, luteolin and kaempferol, inE. camaldulensis; taxifolin and apigenin, inE. globulus; and methyl benzoates and cinnamates, inE. rudis. Some unidentified ellagitannins, flavonols and flavanones were also detected. Significant differences in composition among species were found:E. rudis showed the lowest concentration in flavonoids andE. globulus presented higher concentration and variety of ellagitannins than the others.ZusammenfassungDie in Ethylether und Methanol löslichen Extrakte der Rinde von drei Eukalyptusarten wurde hinsichtlich ihre Polyphenolanteile untersucht (Flavanoide, phenolische Säuren und Aldehyde). In allen drei Arten wurden Gallussäure, Protocatechusäure, Vanillinsäure und Ellagsäure identifiziert. Eriodictyol, Quercitin und Naringenin fanden sich inE. camaldulensis undE. globulus, Vanillin inE. camaldulensis undE. rudis. Naringin, Quercitrin, Luteolin und Kampher wurden inE. camaldulensis identifiziert, Taxifolin und Apigenin inE. globulus. Benzoate und Cinnamate wurden inE. rudis entdeckt. Weiterhin wurden einige noch nicht identifizierte Ellagitannine, Flavanole und Flavanone gefunden. Charakteristische Unterschiede zwischen den Arten ware folgende:E. rudis zeigt die niedrigste Konzentration an Flavonoiden;E. globulus weist höhere Konzentrationen und größere Variationen der Ellagitannine auf.

Pinus pinaster Oleoresin in Plus Trees

Summary The present paper establishes the relationship between certain components of oleoresin and the character of a tree as high producer (plus tree). The composition of the oleoresin (monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, neutral diterpenes and resin acids) of Pinus pinaster in plus trees was studied by gaschromatography/mass spectrometry. The main components of the monoterpenes are α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene + β-phellandrene; of the sesquiterpenes β-caryophylene and longifolene; of neutral diterpenes isoabienol, abienol, isopimaral, pimaral, 11,13-labdien-8-ol and of resin acids levopimaric + palustric, neoabietic, abietic, isopimaric, pimaric, dehydroabietic, sandaracopimaric and 7,13,15 abietatrienoic acid. The components which enable us to distinguish between plus and control trees are myrcene and noracid 1 at a level of significance of 1%, and abienol and dehydroabietic acid at 5%. The composition of diterpenes permits a certain approach to distinguish between control and plus trees.

Variability of Suberin Composition of Reproduction Cork from Quercus suber Throughout Industrial Processing

Summary The chemical composition of suberin was studied in cork planks from three different trees of Spanish Quercus suber at four different stages of the industrial processing of first transformation: stripping (a), first rest (b), boiling followed by open air rest (c1) and boiling followed by store-room rest (c2). The monomeric composition was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in the product of depolymerization of the free of extractives cork with sodium methoxide-methanol. The average concentrations of the main monomers were: 1-alkanols (C20–C26) 4.17 %; alkanoic acids (C20–C26) 5.99%; α, ω-alkanedioic acids (C16–C24) 6.20%; ω-hydroxy-alkanoic acids (C20–C26) 29.41%; erythro and threo-9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanedioic acids 6.76%, erythro- and threo-9,10,18-trihydroxyoctadecanoic acids 9.50%, 9,10-epoxy-18-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid 2.72% and 9,10-epoxy-octadecanedioic acid 2.93% and ferulic acid 5.05%. Significant differences were observed between samples taken at the stripping and after boiling with store room rest, and both groups of samples differed from those picked after the other two processing stages. Ten components were selected as providing the greatest discrimination among stages: 9-octadecenedioic, 18-hydroxy-9-octadecenoic, eicosanedioic and 9,10-epoxy-18-hydroxy-octadecanoic acids, tetracosanol, and five unidentified components.