M. Enamul Hossain

The current and future trends of composite materials: an experimental study

The usages of the composite materials range from simple household to light-to-heavy industrial purposes including oilfield applications. The objective of this study is to evaluate current and potential uses of composite materials for the petroleum industry. This article gathered all the available composite materials that are normally used specially in oilfield and surface pipeline applications. Out of those, four fiberglass-reinforced plastic materials (i.e., AR-glass, boron-free E-glass, C-glass, and E-glass) were selected to conduct an experiment in acidic and alkaline environments. The results show that AR-glass is corrosion resistant at high temperature and high acidic and alkaline environments. The weight loss due to corrosion is less than the other three materials. Boron-free E-glass is also better than C-glass and E-glass, especially in acidic environment. Another aspect of this research is to find out a research gateway toward the development of sustainable composites. When toxic components are used during the development of new materials, nowadays, this becomes an issue for environmental groups. Therefore, this study suggests the researchers to look for an environment-friendly, sustainable composite material that can be widely used in the petroleum industry. Finally, the trend of future research has been outlined and an indication of sustainable composite material choice has been proposed for oilfield applications.The usages of the composite materials range from simple household to light-to-heavy industrial purposes including oilfield applications. The objective of this study is to evaluate current and potential uses of composite materials for the petroleum industry. This article gathered all the available composite materials that are normally used specially in oilfield and surface pipeline applications. Out of those, four fiberglass-reinforced plastic materials (i.e., AR-glass, boron-free E-glass, C-glass, and E-glass) were selected to conduct an experiment in acidic and alkaline environments. The results show that AR-glass is corrosion resistant at high temperature and high acidic and alkaline environments. The weight loss due to corrosion is less than the other three materials. Boron-free E-glass is also better than C-glass and E-glass, especially in acidic environment. Another aspect of this research is to find out a research gateway toward the development of sustainable composites. When toxic components are us...

Field Application of a Modified Kozeny-Carmen Correlation to Characterize Hydraulic Flow Units

Hydraulic Flow Unit (HU) has been used extensively as a technique in permeability modeling and rock typing. Amaefule et al. (1993) introduced for the first time the concept of Reservoir Quality Index (RQI) and Flow Zone Indicator (FZI) by using the Kozeny-Carmen (K-C) model to characterize HU and predict permeability in uncored wells and intervals. This technique has helped in enhancing the capability to capture the various reservoir flow behavior based on its respective characters. Yet, there are challenges in using the original correlation due to its inherent limitations and over simplified assumptions that prevent accurate HU definitions. This study highlights some of those shortcomings and proposes a modified K-C correlation that enhances the HU characterization. It is found that the conventional K-C model ignores the inherent nonlinear behavior between the tortuosity and porosity. Hence, handling the tortuosity term in a more representative manner demonstrates a more rigorous correlation that extends the applicability of this powerful technique into more heterogeneous rocks such as those found in carbonate reservoirs. This paper presents a reservoir simulation case study that is conducted to validate the applicability of the proposed model as a rock typing technique in a heterogeneous carbonate reservoir in the Middle East region. Relative permeability curves, Leverett J-Function curves and initial water saturation distribution show good agreement within each HU generated using the proposed model. It is recognized that modified Kozeny-Carmen technique give better matching of initial water saturation model than the conventional technique when compared to open-hole logs which, in turn; adds confidence to initial hydrocarbon-in-place calculations and reservoir behavior predictions. This result will ultimately enhance the prediction of reservoir performance under various scenarios in reservoir simulation. Introduction Several types of porosity-permeability transforms are available to determine permeability from well log-derived porosity in uncored oil and gas wells. Typically these transforms put emphasis on lithology or facies during reservoir characterization. In addition, several pore system dependent techniques are also published. Shenawi et al. (2009) have described commonly used porosity-permeability transform types, such as: i) transforms by facies, ii) by Winland technique, iii) by pore geometry, and iv) by geologic zones. Transforms by hydraulic unit approach provide way better results than those typical transforms. Rock typing by hydraulic units can be defined as units of rock that have unique porosity-permeability relationship, capillary pressure profiles and relative permeability curves. It has many applications in reservoir characterization and simulation studies. Once the rock typing is done properly, it can lead to a reliable estimation of the permeability in the uncored wells, accurate generation of initial water saturation profiles and consequently, reliable reservoir simulation studies. (Davies et al., 1996; Guo et al., 2005; Shenawi et al., 2007) 2 [SPE 149047 /SAS 1074] Amaefule et al. (1993) HU Characterization Technique In 1993, Amaefule et al. introduced for the first time the concept of reservoir quality index (RQI) and flow zone indicator (FZI) to identify HU based on the K-C model. In this regard, Amaefule’s technique is recognized as a very simple, practical, and widely used established technique. This well-known approach classifies rock types using the original K-C model. The popular form of the original K-C model is given by:

Effects of Memory on the Complex Rock-Fluid Properties of a Reservoir Stress-Strain Model

Abstract The memory based stress-strain model developed earlier by Hossain et al. (2007) has been solved numerically in this study. The derived mathematical model introduces the effects of temperature, surface tension, and pressure variations and the influence of fluid memory on the stress-strain relationship. The variation of shear stress as a function of strain rate is obtained for fluid in a sample oil reservoir to identify the effects of fluid memory. The stress-strain formulation related with the memory is taken into account, and we obtain the variation of it with time and distance for different values of α. The dependency of the stress-strain relation on fluid memory is considered to identify its influence on time. As pressure is also a function of space, the memory effects on stress and strain are shown in space with the pressure gradient change. The computation indicates that the effect of memory causes nonlinearity, leading to chaotic behavior of the stress-strain relationship. This model can be used in reservoir simulation and rheological study, well test analysis, and surfactant and foam selection for enhanced oil recovery.