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Dive into the research topics where M. Essig is active.

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Featured researches published by M. Essig.


Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders | 1998

In vivo Quantification of Brain Volumes in Subcortical Vascular Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease

Johannes Pantel; Johannes Schröder; M. Essig; Marek Jauss; G. Schneider; Katrin Eysenbach; R. von Kummer; K. T. Baudendistel; Lothar R. Schad; Michael V. Knopp

Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to assess global and regional cerebral volumes in patients with a clinical diagnosis of subcortical vascular dementia (VD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Whole brain volume, cerebrospinal fluid volume, volumes of the temporal, frontal and parietal lobes, the cerebellum and the amygdala-hippocampus complex were determined using a personal computer-based software. Seventeen patients with VD, 22 patients with AD and 13 healthy controls were included. Analysis of covariance using age as covariate demonstrated significant mean differences between controls and dementia groups with respect to all morphological parameters. However, apart from the volume of the cerebellum no significant volumetric differences were found between VD and AD. These results indicate that MRI-based volumetry allows differentiation between AD or VD from normal controls and that measurement of cerebellar volume may be of use to separate vascular and degenerative dementia. However, since the distribution of cerebral atrophy in both dementia groups is very similar, it is suggested that the atrophic changes are not specific to the underlying cause but rather reflect the selective vulnerability of neuronal structures.


Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 1999

Comprehensive MR evaluation of renovascular disease in five breath holds.

Stefan O. Schoenberg; M. Essig; Michael Bock; H. Hawighorst; Melhem J. Sharafuddin; Michael V. Knopp

To detect a renal artery stenosis and assess its hemodynamic and functional significance in five breath holds. In a single MR exam, T1 weighted FLASH and T2 weighted fast spin echo techniques are used to assess renal morphology, multiphase 3D gadolinium (Gd) MRA to evaluate the renal arteries, and a segmented EPI cine phase‐contrast technique to measure renal artery blood flow. A standardized image analysis is performed to assess kidney size, corticomedullar differentiation (CMD), parenchymal enhancement, the degree of renal artery stenosis, abnormalities in blood flow pattern, and any associated abdominal vascular disease. Multiphase 3D‐Gd‐MRA accurately assesses atherosclerotic renal artery disease particularly in the presence of an associated aortic aneurysm. Delayed parenchymal enhancement, loss of CMD, and decrease in kidney size can be detected. In combination with decreased systolic velocity components, the diagnosis of a hemodynamically and functionally significant stenosis can be made. High‐resolution single‐phase 3D‐Gd‐MRA is preferable for evaluation of fibromuscular dysplasia or hypoplastic vessels. The combination of different breath hold techniques in a single, standardized MR exam allows to detect the hemodynamic and functional significance of a renal artery stenosis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1999;10:347–356.


Investigative Radiology | 1999

Abdominal aortic aneurysm. Detection of multilevel vascular pathology by time-resolved multiphase 3D gadolinium MR angiography: initial report.

So Schoenberg; Wunsch C; Michael V. Knopp; M. Essig; H. Hawighorst; Gerhard Laub; Martin R. Prince; Allenberg; van Kaick G

OBJECTIVE To evaluate multiphasic 3D gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (3D-Gd-MRA) for detection of vascular pathology at multiple levels of the aorta and iliac arteries. METHODS In 18 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (n = 13), dissection (n = 3), or both (n = 2), multiphase 3D-Gd-MRA was performed acquiring five consecutive (6.8 seconds) 3D data sets in a single breath-hold. In each of the five time-resolved phases, vessel visibility of the abdominal aortic branches and iliac arteries was assessed. The extent of vessel involvement by the aneurysm or dissection seen on multiphase 3D-Gd-MRA was compared with standard imaging and surgical findings. Digital subtraction angiography was available for comparison in 4 cases, CT angiography in 10 cases. RESULTS Due to the delayed filling of the aortic aneurysm, the proximal aortic branches and the aneurysm neck demonstrated an inversely related enhancement compared with the distal abdominal and iliac vessels (P < 0.001). Review of all five phases of multiphase 3D-Gd-MRA allowed optimal visualization of each vessel segment without any artifacts due to parenchymal or venous overlay. In dissections, review of three phases was required (P < 0.001) for diagnostic evaluation of the true and false lumens. Substantially more vessel involvement was detected on multiphase 3D-Gd-MRA; this was surgically confirmed in 10 of 11 cases and affected therapy management in 11 of 18 cases. CONCLUSIONS Multiphase 3D-Gd-MRA is a convenient, robust, and safe technique for presurgical anatomic mapping of complex aortic aneurysms and dissections.


Journal of Neural Transmission-supplement | 1998

Corpus callosum in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia--a quantitative magnetic resonance study.

Johannes Pantel; Johannes Schröder; M. Essig; R. Minakaran; Lothar R. Schad; Michael Friedlinger; Marek Jauss; Michael V. Knopp

We investigated atrophic alterations in different regions of the corpus callosum in Alzheimers disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD) with respect to clinical changes. 32 patients with AD (NINCDS-ADRDA criteria), 17 patients with VD (NINDS-AIREN criteria) and 13 healthy control subjects were included. 3-D MRI sequences were acquired using a 1.5T MRI scanner. The size of the corpus callosum and its subdivisions was sampled on 5 mid-saggital slices using a personal computer-based software. Total callosal size was significantly reduced in AD but not in VD. Furthermore, the most rostral parts of the corpus callosum were significantly smaller in AD when compared to controls. Again, these changes were not found in patients with VD. Severity of dementia was significantly correlated with the size of the midbody of the corpus callosum in AD. Callosal atrophy in AD may reflect the severity and pattern of cortical neuronal damage occurring mostly in the inferior frontal, anterior parietal and midtemporal regions. Correlations between regional callosal atrophy and severity of dementia indicate that interhemispheric cortico-cortical disconnections may contribute to the dementia syndrome.


Radiologe | 2001

Hochaufgelöste MR-Venographie zerebraler arteriovenöser Malformationen

M. Essig; Jürgen R. Reichenbach; Lothar R. Schad; Jürgen Debus; Werner A. Kaiser

ZusammenfassungZiel. Ziel unserer Untersuchungen war es, die diagnostische Wertigkeit einer neuen, räumlich hochaufgelösten MR-Venographietechnik bei Patienten mit zerebralen arteriovenösen Malformationen (AVM) zu untersuchen. Methode. Für die MR-Venographie wurde eine 3D-Gradientenechosequenz mit langer Echozeit (TE) verwendet, die es erlaubt, kleine venöse Gefäße selektiv darzustellen. Die Methode basiert auf den paramagnetischen Eigenschaften des Deoxyhämoglobins und der daraus resultierenden lokalen Phasendifferenz zwischen Venen und kleinen Venolen im Vergleich zum Hirnparenchym bei langen Echozeiten, die zu einer Signalauslöschung führt. Aus den akquirierten Einzelbildern wurden unter Einbeziehung der Modulus- und Phaseninformation Venogramme rekonstruiert und mit konventionellen Time-of-flight(TOF)-MR-Angiogrammen auf der Basis qualitativer und quantitativer Analysen verglichen. Die bei allen Patienten durchgeführte konventionelle digitale Subtraktionsangiographie (DSA) diente hierbei als Goldstandard. Ergebnisse. Es konnten 17 Patienten mit angiographisch gesicherten, zerebralen AVM in die Untersuchungen eingeschlossen werden. Mit Hilfe der Venographie konnten die AVM bei allen untersuchten Patienten dargestellt werden, wohingegen mit der konventionellen TOF-MRA bei 3 Patienten keine AVM nachweisbar war. In der Darstellung und Abgrenzung der venösen Drainagewege war die MR-Venographie der TOF-Angiographie deutlich überlegen, sie zeigte sich jedoch erwartungsgemäß in der Erkennbarkeit und Abgrenzung der zuführenden arteriellen Gefäße unterlegen. Große Suszeptibilitätsunterschiede an Gewebegrenzen, insbesondere zwischen Luft und Hirngewebe, sowie die Anwesenheit von paramagnetischem Hämosiderin führten zu Einschränkungen in der diagnostischen Wertigkeit der MR-Venographie bei 10 Patienten mit AVM nahe der Schädelbasis oder bei Patienten mit vorangegangener Blutung. Schlussfolgerungen. Diese Methode könnte aufgrund der großen Sensitivität für kleinere und kleinste Gefäßmalformationen einen nicht unbedeutenden Stellenwert in der Diagnostik, Therapieplanung sowie dem Verlauf von AVM erlangen.AbstractPurpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic potential of a high resolution MR venography technique in patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM). A high-resolution 3D gradient echo sequence was used with a long echo time TE to obtain venous information down to sub-pixel sized vessel diameters of several hundred microns. The method is based on the paramagnetic property of deoxyhemoglobin and the resulting developing phase difference between veins and brain parenchyma at long echo times which leads to signal cancellation. The reconstructed venograms were compared with TOF-MR angiography using qualitative and quantitative criteria with the conventional DSA serving as the reference gold standard. Methods. In 17 patients with angiographically proven cerebral AVM the method indicates its potential in clinical applications. Venography was able to detect all AVM whereas TOF-MRA failed in three patients. In the delineation of venous drainage patterns MR venography was superior to TOF-MRA, however, as expected the method detected only about half of the main feeding arteries. Due to susceptibility artifacts at air/tissue boundaries or interference with paramagnetic hemosiderin, MR venography was limited with respect to the delineation of the exact nidus sizes and shapes in ten patients with AVM located close to the skull base or in patients having suffered from previous bleeding. Results. Although the visualization of draining veins represents an important prerequisite in the surgical and radiosurgical treatment planning of cerebral AVM, there exist limitations of the technique in regions where strong induced static field inhomogeneities are present. Conclusions. Due to its high sensitivity the method may be of special importance in the early detection and assessment of small AVM which are difficult to diagnose with other MR methods.


Radiologe | 2002

Vergleich von MultiHance® und Gadovist® zur zerebralen MR-Perfusionsmessung bei gesunden Probanden

M. Essig; K.-P. Lodemann; M. LeHuu; Stefan O. Schönberg; M. Hübener; G. van Kaick

ZusammenfassungZur Evaluierung des gering proteinbindenden MR-Kontrastmittels MultiHance® und des einmolaren MR-Kontrastmittels Gadovist® für die MR-Perfusionsmessung im Gehirn wurden in einer randomisierten, intraindividuellen Vergleichsstudie 12 gesunde männliche Probanden untersucht. Die Perfusionsmessung wurde an einem 1,5-T-MRT mit einer T2*-gewichteten GRE-EPI-Sequenz in einfacher und doppelter Kontrastmitteldosierung durchgeführt. Die Schichtposition, Sequenzparameter und Kontrastmittelapplikation waren standardisiert. Zur quantitativen Analyse wurden rCBV- und rCBF-Messungen der normalen grauen und weißen Hirnsubstanz vorgenommen. Zusätzlich wurde der prozentuale Signalverlust und die Halbwertsbreite der Signalzeitkurven ausgewertet.Die einfache Dosis wurde für beide Kontrastmittel als ausreichend für eine MR-Perfusionsmessung befunden. Der prozentuale Signalverlust (Gadovist®: 29,4% vs. MultiHance®: 28,3%) und die Halbwertsbreite des Signalverlustes (Gadovist®: 6,4 s vs. MultiHance®: 7,0 s) wie auch die errechneten Perfusionsparameter CBV und CBF waren bei beiden Kontrastmitteln in der einfachen Dosierung vergleichbar. Durch die deutlich längere Infusionszeit für MultiHance in der doppelten Dosierung war die Halbwertsbreite hier deutlich erhöht, jedoch ohne Auswirkung auf die Perfusionswerte rCBV und rCBF.Zusammengefasst hat das höher konzentrierte Gadovist® gegenüber dem stärker relaxierenden Kontrastmittel MultiHance® keine Vorteile für die MR-Perfusionsbildgebung. Beide Kontrastmittel erlauben die Berechnung qualitativ hochwertiger Perfusionsmaps in einer Dosierung von 0,1 mmol/kgbw mit identischen Qualitätsparametern.AbstractTo evaluate the weakly protein interacting MR contrast agent MultiHance® and the one-molar agent Gadovist® for cerebral perfusion MR imaging, a randomized intraindividual study was conducted in 12 healthy male volunteers. Perfusion-MRI was performed with single and double dose of each contrast agent on a 1.5T MR system using a gradient-echo EPI sequence. The imaging parameters, slice positioning and contrast media application were standardized. For the quantitative assessment rCBV and rCBF measurements of gray and white matter were performed. Additionally, the percentage of signal drop and the full width half maximum (FWHM) of ROI signal time curves were quantified. In a qualitative analysis the image quality of the rCBV and rCBF maps were assessed.Single dosage of the used new contrast agents was sufficient to achieve high quality perfusion maps. The susceptibility effect, described by percentage of signal loss (Gadovist®: 29.4% vs. MultiHance®: 28.3%) and the FWHM (Gadovist®: 6.4 s vs. Multihance®: 7.0 s) were not different between the agents for single dose.The one molar MR contrast agent Gadovist® has no advantages over MultiHance®, a MR contrast agent with a higher relaxivity in perfusion MRI. Both agents allow the calculation of high quality perfusion maps at a dosage of 0.1 mmol/kg bw with physiologic absolute values for regional CBV and CBF. The susceptibility effect is comparable for both agents and stronger than with conventional MR contrast media.


Investigative Radiology | 2000

Arteriovenous malformations: assessment of gliotic and ischemic changes with fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery MRI.

M. Essig; F. Wenz; So Schoenberg; Debus J; Michael V. Knopp; van Kaick G

Essig M, Wenz F, Schoenberg SO, et al. Arteriovenous malformations: Assessment of gliotic and ischemic changes with fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery MRI. Invest Radiol 2000;35:688–693. RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES.To evaluate the diagnostic potential of fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) MRI in the assessment of patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and to correlate the MR findings with clinical symptoms, in particular, perilesional gliosis and ischemic changes. METHODS.Forty-five patients with cerebral AVMs were examined with FLAIR and conventional T1- and T2-weighted MRI by using identical slice parameters. Images were assessed in a two-reader study for detection and delineation of gliotic and ischemic tissue. Also, the extent of the flow void phenomenon and image artifacts were evaluated. RESULTS.FLAIR MRI was rated superior to the conventional T2-weighted fast spin-echo imaging in the assessment of intralesional and perilesional gliosis. The superior delineation was a result of the suppression of cerebrospinal fluid, mild T1 weighting, and the more pronounced flow void phenomenon. There was no significant correlation between the extent of gliosis and the clinical symptoms. However, larger AVMs had more extensive signal changes. CONCLUSIONS.FLAIR is a valuable MRI technique to assess gliotic and ischemic changes in or close to cerebral AVMs. Because gliotic and ischemic changes are common findings and are known to be associated with epilepsy, in the assessment of these patients FLAIR is clinically useful and may guide decisions about treatment—for instance, the extent of surgical resection of the potential epileptogenic focus.


Nervenarzt | 1998

HIRNVOLUMETRISCHE BEFUNDE BEI DER SPATDEPRESSION: EINE UNTERSUCHUNG MITTELS QUANTITATIVER MAGNETRESONANZTOMOGRAPHIE

Johannes Pantel; Johannes Schröder; M. Essig; Lothar R. Schad; Doris Popp; Katrin Eysenbach; Marek Jauss; Michael V. Knopp

ZusammenfassungKlinische, neuroradiologische und pathoanatomische Befunde legen nahe, Spätdepressionen als nosologische Subgruppe innerhalb der affektiven Störungen zu betrachten. Mit dem Ziel, zerebrale Veränderungen bei dieser Erkrankung volumetrisch zu erfassen, wurden 19 Patienten mit einer Spätdepression (Ersterkrankungsalter >50 Jahre) und 13 altersangeglichene gesunde Kontrollpersonen untersucht. Die Bildgebung erfolgte MR-tomographisch mittels eines 1,5-T-Siemens-Scanners. Mit der Software „NMR-Win” wurden das Ganzhirnvolumen, das Liquorraumvolumen und die Volumina der Amygdala-Hippocampus-Komplexe sowie der Frontal- und Temporallappen bestimmt. Zusätzlich wurde die „ventricle brain ratio” (VBR) ermittelt. Depressive Patienten zeigten im Vergleich zu Kontrollpersonen ein signifikant kleineres Ganzhirnvolumen bei größerem Liquorraumvolumen und größerer VBR. Im Gegensatz dazu unterschieden die Volumina der Temporal- und Frontallappen sowie der Amygdala-Hippocampuskomplexe nicht zwischen den Gruppen. Unsere Ergebnisse lassen vermuten, daß strukturelle zerebrale Veränderungen bei der Spätdepression pathogenetische Relevanz haben und vorwiegend subkortikale Strukturen betreffen. Die Frage nach der Ätiologie der beschriebenen Veränderungen könnte in Hinsicht auf präventive Therapieansätze der Spätdepression von Bedeutung sein.SummaryA number of observations including clinical manifestation, course, outcome, and family history, support the view that patients presenting with a major depression occurring first in late life should be treated as a nosological subgroup. In this study quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to investigate volumes of different brain structures in 19 patients with late onset major depression (age of onset >50) and 13 age matched controls. 3-D MRI sequences were acquired using a Siemens 1.5T scanner. Whole brain volume, CSF volume, volume of the frontal and temporal lobes and the volume of the amygdala-hippocampus complex were assessed using the software NMRWin. Compared to the controls, depressed patients showed a significantly lower whole brain volume and a significantly higher CSF volume, whereas volumes of the frontal and temporal lobes as well as the amygdala-hippocampus complex volumes were not significantly decreased. In addition, depressed patients exhibited a higher ventricle-brain ratio suggesting a higher degree of central atrophy compared to healthy individuals. Our results indicate that cerebral changes involving subcortical structures are of relevance in the pathogenesis of late-onset depression. Defining the aetiology of these lesions may be important for the development of preventive treatment of depression in the elderly.


Radiologe | 1997

Invasives Zervixkarzinom (pT2b-pT4a) Wertigkeit der konventionellen und pharmakokinetischen Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) im Vergleich zum Großflächenschnitt und dem histopathologischen Befund

H. Hawighorst; Paul Georg Knapstein; Wolfgang Weikel; Michael V. Knopp; U. Schaeffer; M. Essig; Gunnar Brix; Ivan Zuna; Stefan O. Schönberg; G. van Kaick

ZusammenfassungZiel: Klassifikation des primären Zervixkarzinomes im fortgeschrittenen Tumorstadium (pT2b-pT4a) mittels der konventionellen und der pharmakokinetischen MRT in Korrelation zum Großflächenschnitt und dem histopathologischem Befund. Material und Methode: 17 Patientinnen mit bioptisch gesichertem Plattenepithelkarzinom der Zervix wurden prospektiv mittels konventioneller und pharmakokinetischer MRT untersucht. Für die dynamische MR-Untersuchung wurde eine „Saturation-Recovery-TurboFLASH (SRTF)-Sequenz“ gewählt mit der innerhalb von 13 s 10 Schichten gemessen werden können. Die Signalzeitänderungen wurden mit Hilfe eines pharmakokinetischen Modells quantifiziert und farbkodiert. Ergebnis: Auf der Basis der T 2-gewichteten, der kontrastmittelunterstützten T 1-gewichteten SE und der pharmakokinetischen MRT wurde eine Treffsicherheit im Nachweis eines parametranen Befalls von 85 % bzw. jeweils in 73 % beobachtet. Demgegenüber wurde mit der pharmakokinetischen MRT bei der Beurteilung einer Infiltration der Blase und/oder des Rektums (pT4a) im Vergleich zu T 2-Wichtung eine signifikant (p < 0,05) höhere Treffsicherheit mit 88 gegenüber 67 % erhalten. Schlußfolgerung: T 2-gewichtete SE Sequenzen sind bei der Abklärung eines parametranen Befalls kontrastmittelunterstützten, T 1-gewichteten SE oder dynamischen MR-Bildgebungstechniken überlegen. Demgegenüber gelingt die Beurteilung einer Tumorinfiltration in die Harnblase und/oder Rektum (pT4a) mit der höchsten Treffsicherheit in der pharmakokinetischen MRT.SummaryPurpose: To compare staging of advanced primary cervical carcinoma (pT2b-pT4a) by conventional and pharmacokinetic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the giant cross section specimen and histopathological findings. Materials and methods: Seventeen patients with biopsy-proven cancer of the cervix and clinically suspected invasive cancer (FIGO II B-IVA) were prospectively examined by conventional (T 2 and contrast-enhanced T 1-weighted spin echo images) and pharmacokinetic MRI. All MRI findings were compared with the giant cross section specimen and histopathology as the standard of reference. For pharmacokinetic MRI, a saturation recovery TurboFLASH sequence was used with a high temporal resolution of 13 s per ten sections. Signal-time changes were analyzed using a pharmacokinetic model and the computed parameter values were visualized by color-coded overlay. Results: Analysis of parametrial invasion on T 2-weighted images resulted in an accuracy of 85 % and 73 % on contrast-enhanced T 1-weighted images and on pharmacokinetic MR images respectively. Accuracy of analysis of bladder and/or rectal wall invasion was significantly (P < 0.05) higher on pharmacokinetic MR images (88 %) than on T 2-weighted images (67 %). Contrast-enhanced T 1-weighted spin-echo images improved staging accuracy compared with T 2-weighted images (76 % vs 67 %). Conclusion: At present, conventional T 2-weighted SE images are superior to contrast-enhanced T 1-weighted SE and pharmacokinetic MR images in depicting infiltration of the parametrium. However, suspected infiltration of the bladder and/or rectum (pT4a) is diagnosed more accurately on pharmacokinetic images than on conventional MR images.


Radiologe | 2000

Quantitative Erfassung der renalen Funktion mit der Magnetresonanztomographie

So Schoenberg; Michael Bock; S. Aumann; Armin Just; M. Essig; F. Floemer; Michael V. Knopp; G. van Kaick

ZusammenfassungFragestellung. Verschiedene Methoden der Magnetresonanztomographie zur quantitativen Erfassung der Nierenfunktion sollen aufgezeigt werden. Methodik. Es werden MR-Techniken zur kombinierten Beurteilung der renalen Morphologie, Hämodynamik und Funktion der Niere vorgestellt. Zur Anwendung kommen hierbei die multiphasische 3-D-Gadolinium-MR-Angiographie, die MR-Phasenkontrastflussmessung, die quantitative Perfusionsmessung mit intravasalen Kontrastmitteln sowie die MR-Renographie/MR-Urographie. Die Methoden werden exemplarisch am Beispiel renovaskulärer Erkrankungen demonstriert. Ergebnisse. Mit den vorgestellten Methoden lassen sich Nierenarterienstenosen akkurat detektieren sowieÄnderungen des renalen Blutflusses, der Nierenperfusion, der Filtrationsleistung sowie der renalen Ausscheidung erfassen. Auf der Basis quantitativer Parameter kann die hämodynamische und funktionelle Relevanz von Nierenarterienstenosen eingestuft werden. Renovaskuläre und renoparenchymatöse Erkrankungszustände lassen sich differenzieren. Schlussfolgerung. Funktionelle Verfahren in der Magnetresonanztomographie stellen bei der Funktionsuntersuchung der Niere eine bedeutende Alternative zu nuklearmedizinischen Techniken dar. Der prädiktive Wert dieser Methoden für die Abschätzung des Revaskularisationserfolgs ist zur Zeit noch Gegenstand laufender Untersuchungen.AbstractAim. To show the potential of various methods in magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of renal function. Material and Methods. A combined assessment of renal morphology, renal hemodynamics and function is proposed. Various techniques are explained, including multiphasic 3D gadolinium MR angiography, MR phase-contrast flow measurements, quantitative perfusion measurements with intravascular contrast agents, and MR renography and MR urography. The use of these techniques is demonstrated for renovascular diseases. Results. The combined use of these techniques allows renal artery stenosis to be accurately detected and evaluation of renal blood flow, perfusion, glomerular filtration rate, and renal excretion. Based on true quantitative parameters, the hemodynamic and functional significance of the stenosis can be assessed. Renovascular diseases can be differentiated from renoparenchymal disease. Conclusion. For the assessment of renal function, functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques are an important alternative to nuclear medicine. The predictive value regarding the effect of revascularization is currently under investigation.

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Michael V. Knopp

The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

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H. Hawighorst

German Cancer Research Center

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G. van Kaick

German Cancer Research Center

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Gunnar Brix

German Cancer Research Center

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Armin Just

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

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Ivan Zuna

German Cancer Research Center

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