M. Ezzat

Line outage detection using support Vector Machine (SVM) based on the Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) technology

Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) have been increasingly widespread throughout the power network. As a result, several researches have been made to locate the PMUs for complete system observability. Many protection applications are based upon the PMUs locations. This paper introduces an important application in power system protection which is the detection of single line outage. In addition, a detection of the outaged line is achieved depending on the variations of phase angles measured at the system buses where the PMUs are located. Hence, a protection scheme from unexpected overloading in the network that may lead to system collapse can be achieved. Such detections are based upon an artificial intelligence technique which is the support Vector Machine (SVM) classification tool. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, the algorithm is tested using offline simulation for the 14-bus IEEE system.

Elevated production of galectin-3 is correlated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis disease activity, severity, and progression

Objectives:  Galectin‐3 is a carbohydrate‐binding protein that plays many important regulatory roles in inflammation, immunity and cancers. Recent studies indicate that galectin‐3 plays a role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis and progression. Therefore, we sought to characterize the expression pattern and role of galectin‐3 in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and to explore whether galectin‐3 investigated in serum and synovial fluid was associated with clinical, laboratory and radiological variables of JIA disease activity and severity.

Serum mucosa-associated epithelial chemokine (MEC/CCL28) in atopic dermatitis: a specific marker for severity.

Background  Mucosa‐associated epithelial chemokine (MEC; CCL28) is considered to be pivotal in mediating the migration of CC chemokine receptor 3‐ and 10‐ (CCR3‐ and CCR10)‐expressing, skin‐homing, memory, cutaneous lymphocyte‐associated antigen‐positive (CLA+) T cells. CCL28 is selectively and continuously expressed by epidermal keratinocytes, but highly upregulated in inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (AD).

Serum OX40 ligand levels in asthmatic children: a potential biomarker of severity and persistence.

The costimulatory molecule OX40 and its ligand, OX40L, mediate key aspects of allergic airway inflammation in animal models of asthma, including eosinophilic airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and T-helper type 2 (Th2) polarization. However, involvement of these molecules in Th2-dominated allergen-induced childhood asthma remains unclear. Therefore, we sought to examine OX40L expression in pediatric asthma across disease activity and attack severity. Serum OX40L concentrations were measured by ELISA in 50 children with atopic asthma (during and in between acute attacks), and in 40 healthy children serving as controls. The median and mean (SD) serum OX40L levels (1487 and 1560 [543] pg/mL) were significantly higher in asthmatic children during acute attacks in comparison with children in between attacks (731 and 689 [321] pg/mL) and in comparison with controls (193 and 157 [60.3] pg/mL). OX40L values were higher among children who presented with acute severe asthma exacerbations than in children with mild or moderate asthma exacerbations. During stability, patients with severe persistent asthma had significantly higher levels when compared with patients with moderate or mild persistent asthma. A positive correlation could be elicited between OX40L levels during exacerbations and the corresponding values during remission. Serum OX40L levels correlated negatively with peak expiratory flow rate and positively with absolute eosinophil count. Up-regulation of OX40L may play a critical role in development of childhood atopic asthma and is in favor of asthma severity. OX40L may represent a useful biomarker of monitoring allergic inflammation. OX40L is one of the most promising targets of immune intervention for treatment of these diseases.

Fault Location of Uncompensated/Series-compensated Lines Using Two-end Synchronized Measurements

Abstract Phasor measurement units have gained great popularity in the field of control and wide-area protection during the last decade. One of the major protection applications based on phasor measurement unit technology is to determine the fault location in a transmission line. Therefore, research has been developed in the field of fault location. This article introduces a generalized model of fault-location algorithm for both uncompensated and series-compensated transmission lines. The proposed algorithm is based on the distributed parameters of the transmission line in the determination of fault location. Moreover, the proposed algorithm utilizes the synchronized measurements of voltages and currents at both ends of the line. The proposed algorithm is general for any allocation of series-compensation elements. The proposed algorithm is tested through the PSCAD offline simulation program (Manitoba Research Center, Manitoba, Canada) and mathematical analysis with the aid of MATLAB (The MathWorks, Natick, Massachusetts, USA).

Fault Location in Long Transmission Lines Using Synchronized Phasor Measurements from Both Ends

Abstract Phasor measurement unit based fault location techniques are proposed in this article. Several methods for fault location using synchronized phasor measurements have been listed in the literature review. Some of the listed methods use voltage and current measurements at one end or use two end measurements. Other methods use synchronized voltage measurements only to eliminate the errors of current transformers. This article regenerates the method using only voltage measurements and suggests a new algorithm using both voltage and current measurements with a higher degree of accuracy. To show the superiority of the new proposed algorithm, a comparison between the two algorithms in terms of accuracy and reliability has been conducted. This article also clarifies the validity of the proposed approach for different fault resistances, even the most severe condition of zero-fault resistance is considered. The robustness of the proposed approach is introduced by considering a noise on the tested signal and inaccurate model parameters. The methods have been tested using results of the off-line simulation program (Power Systems Computer Aided Design, Nayak Corporation, Princeton, New Jersey, USA) and the mathematical analysis with the aid of MATLAB (The MathWorks, Natick, Massachusetts, USA). A comparison between the proposed phasor measurement unit based fault location algorithms and one of the other methodologies is also presented.

High serum APRIL levels strongly correlate with disease severity in pediatric atopic eczema.

Expression of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family member APRIL (a proliferation‐inducing ligand) is low in normal tissues but is elevated in various autoimmune diseases.

Fault section estimation in power systems Based on improved honey-bee mating optimization

This paper introduces an improved version of Honey Bee Mating Optimization (IHBMO) algorithm to solve the fault section estimation (FSE) problem. FSE is introduced as an optimization problem, where the objective function includes the status of protective relays and circuit breakers. The main problem of standard HBMO is that the inappropriate selection of the parameters may affect the local search. Also, this affects the computation time. So, an improvement is introduced to the standard HBMO to enhance the local search capability in order to reach the best solution with better computation efficiency. To ensure the validity of the IHBMO algorithm, two sample systems are examined with different test cases. Furthermore, the results obtained by the proposed algorithm are compared with those obtained via other several methods. The results show the accuracy and high computation efficiency of IHBMO.

Up regulation of serum tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis inducing ligand in juvenile‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus: relations with disease activity, antibodies to double ‐stranded DNA, nephritis and neutropenia

Apoptosis is induced by binding of death receptor ligands, members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily, to their cognate receptors. It is suggested that TNF‐related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) is involved in pathogenesis of juvenile‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE). This study aimed to assess TRAIL concentrations in sera of JSLE children and to determine their potential relationship with disease activity, anti‐double‐stranded DNA (anti‐dsDNA) levels, neutropenia and renal involvement.

A novel Monte Carlo based modeling strategy for wind based renewable energy sources

This paper introduces a new algorithm strategy in order to model wind based renewable energy sources which are used for planning purposes in distribution systems. Initially, the available data of the wind speeds are divided into seasonal data (i.e. the available data of each season is separated) then the available separated data is divided into hourly data (i.e. 24-hours for each season). This algorithm is based on Monte Carlo Simulation Method which considers the stochastic nature of the wind power through the correct determination of the appropriate cumulative distribution function. Monte Carlo Simulation technique is utilized for obtaining the most likelihood wind turbine output power at each hour at each season. The results of the proposed strategy is compared with another probabilistic model to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The proposed algorithm is tested using MATLAB environment and the results and comparisons show that the proposed modeling algorithm gives accurate results.