M. G. Zemlyanov

Atomic dynamics of tin nanoparticles embedded into porous glass

The method of resonant nuclear inelastic absorption of synchrotron radiation has been used to study the phonon spectrum for tin nanoparticles (with a natural isotope mixture) embedded into a porous glassy (silica) matrix with an average pore diameter of 7 nm in comparison to the analogous spectrum of bulk tin enriched with 119Sn isotope. Differences between the spectra have been observed, which are related to both the dimensional effects and specific structural features of the porous glass-tin nanocomposite. Peculiarities in the dynamics of tin atoms embedded into nanopores of glass are interpreted in terms of a qualitative model of the nanocomposite structure.

Atomic dynamics of lead embedded into nanoporous glass

The thermal atomic vibration spectrum of lead nanostructured in porous glass with an average pore size of 7 nm and the thermal vibration spectrum of conventional bulk lead (taken for comparison) are measured using inelastic neutron scattering. The density of states in the phonon spectrum of lead nanoparticles is found to exceed the density of states in the spectrum of bulk lead at both low (E < 2.5 meV) and high (E > 9.5 meV) energies. These data are used to propose a model for the structure of a porous glass-lead nano-composite.

Superconducting properties of tin embedded in nanometer-sized pores of glass

The electrical resistance of tin embedded from a melt in porous glasses with an average pore diameter of ∼7 nm has been investigated at low temperatures in magnetic fields up to 2 T. The temperatures of the transition to the superconducting state for nanocrystalline tin have been determined in magnetic fields of 0, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 T. It has been found that the temperature and magnetic-field dependences of the electrical resistance of the nanocomposite under investigation exhibit two transitions to the superconducting state. The nature of the double superconducting transitions has been discussed. The Hc-Tc phase diagram has been constructed using the entire set of data on the magnetic-field and temperature dependences of the electrical resistance of nanostructured tin. This phase diagram indicates that the upper critical magnetic field Hc2(0) for nanostructured tin is almost two orders of magnitude higher than the corresponding field for bulk tin.

Low-temperature vibrational properties of tin nanoparticles in porous glass

The heat capacity has been studied in the temperature range 2.2–40 K and in magnetic fields up to 2 T in tin, which has been embedded in nanometer-size pores in glass having diameter ∼7 nm, in bulk tin and in glass with empty pores. Comparison of the properties of tin nanoparticles and bulk tin has been performed. An increase in the coefficient of electronic heat capacity has been found in nanostructured tin as compared with the bulk tin, and also a considerable deviation of the low-temperature lattice heat capacity from the Debye law in the temperature region T > 3 K has been found. The fact that the density of thermal vibrations in nanocrystalline tin for low energies is higher than in bulk tin has been established using low-temperature heat capacity data.

Atomic dynamics of a d-AlNiFe decagonal quasicrystal

The atomic dynamics of an Al71.3Ni24Fe4.7 decagonal quasicrystal has been investigated using the isotopic contrast method for inelastic neutron scattering. The partial vibrational spectra of the Ni, Fe, and Al atoms and the spectrum of the thermal vibrations of the alloy have been reconstructed directly from the experimental data without any model assumptions. The cutoff energies and the positions of the main features of the spectra have been determined. It has been revealed that the average binding energy of the nickel atoms in the quasicrystal under investigation is lower than that of the iron atoms and the vibrational spectrum of the aluminum atoms is noticeably harder than the spectrum of the pure metal. The results obtained for the d-AlNiFe decagonal quasicrystal have been compared with the previously published data for an i-AlCuFe icosahedral quasicrystal.

Interatomic force interaction in an i-AlCuFe quasicrystal

Partial spectra of thermal vibrations of Al, Cu, and Fe atoms in an icosahedral quasicrystal have been obtained by the isotopic-contrast method in inelastic neutron scattering. Joint analysis of these results and the published data on the atomic and electronic structures of the icosahedral i-AlCuFe quasicrystal has been performed. A physical model of the quasicrystal structure is proposed that is in agreement with the existing experimental data and qualitatively describes the peculiarities of interatomic interaction.

Size effects in the vibrational and electronic properties of Cu-Pb nanocomposites

Composites of Cu and Pb (immiscible in solid state) were prepared by melt spinning onto a copper disc. X-ray diffraction measurements showed the Cu-Pb composites thus obtained to consist of Pb nanoparticles of a certain size embedded in a copper matrix. The average size of the nanocrystalline Pb blocks was determined along the normals to the (111) and (200) reflecting planes, and their size distribution was measured. The vibrational, electronic, and superconducting properties of the Cu85Pb15 and Cu50Pb50 composites were derived from low-temperature heat-capacity, magnetic-susceptibility, and resistance measurements, and the contribution of Pb nanoparticles to the heat capacity was separated. The low-frequency excitation density in Pb nanocrystals was found to increase as compared to that in crystalline Pb. The observed decrease of Tc correlates with the variation of Pb nanoparticles in size, which is a consequence of the size effect in the properties of Pb nanocrystals.

Atomic dynamics of an Al0.62Cu0.255Fe0.125 icosahedral quasicrystal

The atomic dynamics of an Al0.62Cu0.255Fe0.125 icosahedral quasicrystal is investigated using inelastic neutron scattering (the isotopic contrast method). The partial vibrational spectra of copper, iron, and aluminum atoms in the icosahedral quasicrystal and the total spectrum of thermal vibrations of the compound are directly reconstructed from the experimental data for the first time. It is found that the vibrational energies of copper and iron atoms fall in relatively narrow ranges near 16 and 30 meV, respectively, whereas the vibrational energies of aluminum atoms lie in a wide range (up to 60 meV).

Concentration dependence of partial vibrational spectra in Ni–Nb and Cu–Zr metallic glasses

The neutron inelastic scattering of the Ni44Nb56 and Cu33Zr67 metallic glasses with isotope substitution for Cu and Ni were measured. The results are compared to earlier data for Ni62Nb38 and Cu64Zr36 (Ni and Cu isotopic substitution). Availability of two samples with different isotope content for each system has enabled partial vibrational densities of states to be obtained for both materials. The ratios of average force constants, BNi/BNb and BCu/BZr, and mean-square atomic displacements, 〈u2〉, for Ni, Nb, Cu and Zr atoms are estimated. The interatomic interaction of the Ni and Cu atoms with respect to all neighbours is less than that of the Nb and Zr atoms. With decrease of the content of Ni and Cu atoms the differences of the average force constants in each system decline.

Atomic dynamics and interatomic interaction in quasicrystals

The previous experimental data on the partial spectra of thermal atomic vibrations in icosahedral (Al62Cu25.5Fe12.5) and decagonal (Al71.3Ni24Fe4.7) quasicrystals have been used to perform a comparative analysis of the atomic dynamics features and determine the role that Al, Cu, Ni, and Fe atoms play in the formation of interatomic interaction in the alloys studied. A physical model of the decagonal quasicrystal structure is proposed.