M. Galanty

Clinical Comparative Evaluation of the V-Cut Pelvic Ostectomy in the Management of Canine Hip Dysplasia

Abstract The operational method (V-cut pelvic ostectomy) was applied on seven dogs. Pubic symphysis was cut in an inverted “V” fashion and a bone gap occurred between pelvic halves. The gap was reduced by contracting both sides of the pelvis. A new pubic symphysis developed. Results were evaluated with radiographs and different clinical and orthopedic tests. Radiographic measures between mutual parts of pelvic bone showed a marked increase in Norberg angles and diminishing in Bardens, Barlow, and Ortolani orthopedic tests after operations. Principal conclusion: V-cut pelvic ostectomy was found to be a successful operation technique in treatment of canine hip dysplasia.

Stellate cells in livers of dogs with portal vein hypoperfusion

Hepatic stellate cells play a crucial role in the development of liver fibrosis. In a damaged liver, stellate cells undergo activation, which is manifested as a change of their phenotype: differentiation of stellate cells to myofibroblast-type cells, expression of alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin, their proliferation and a reduction in the size of cytoplasmic lipid droplets. The aim of this study was to determine the number and morphology of stellate cells in the canine liver affected by congenital portosystemic shunt (PSS) and portal vein hypoplasia – hepatic microvascular dysplasia (PVH-HMD). The material for investigation were archived paraffin blocks with liver samples collected supravitally from six dogs with PSS, six dogs with PVH-HMD and six healthy dogs. On the HE-stained sections, the number of stellate cells per 100 hepatocytes was counted (Sztark method) and the diameter of veins in the hepatic triads was measured (light microscope Olympus BX 43, SC30 camera, CellSens Entry 2011 Olympus). In addition, the diameter of lipid droplets in stellate cells was measured (computed image analysis system LUCIA 4.21). The results were analysed statistically (the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post-hoc procedure; significance level (α) at 0.05; Statistica 12 StatSoft Inc.). The degree of liver fibrosis was determined (Masson’s method of slide stain; Scheuer scale). The liver samples from the dogs with PSS and PVH-HMD were stained immunohistochemically with Monoclonal Mouse Anti-Human Smooth Muscle Actin (α-SMA), clone 1A4, antibodies (DAKO). Portosystemic shunt and primary portal vein hypoplasia in the dog results in a reduction in the diameter of portal vein branches and in insufficient portal blood flow through the liver. In the material investigated, this was particularly evident in the animals affected by PSS: such dogs had a significantly smaller diameter of the veins than did the healthy dogs (p < 0.001) or the dogs with PVH-HMD (p = 0.023). Fibrosis and the expression of α-SMA were stronger in the dogs with PSS than in those with PVH-HMD. Moreover, the dogs with PSS had a significantly higher average number of stellate cells than the healthy animals (p = 0.007) did. However, the examination of the material revealed an enlargement of cytoplasmic lipid droplets: the dogs with PSS had a significantly larger diameter of lipid vacuoles in the cytoplasm of stellate cells than did the healthy animals (p < 0.001) or the dogs with PVH-HMD (p = 0.043); the dogs with PVH-HMD had lipid droplets with a significantly larger diameter than the healthy animals (p < 0.001) did. Hypoperfusion of the liver and the accompanying regressive lesions in hepatocytes result mainly in an increased number of stellate cells and stronger expression of α-SMA, while cytoplasmic lipid droplets in the stellate cells are not reduced in size. The present study indicates the need for detailed analyses of clinical cases and warrants further comprehensive studies of comparative hepatopathology because it demonstrates differences between humans and dogs in the morphological indicators of hepatic stellate cell activation in chronic liver damage.

Comparison of usefulness of different diagnostic procedures in slipped capital femoral epiphysis in cats

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) has been described in human medicine as a condition of predominantly teenage males, with obesity being a contributing factor (11, 22). The disease develops mainly bilaterally and is of an atraumatic origin (14). Slipped capital femoral epiphysis has also been described in mainly young (4.5-24 months), neutered male cats (16, 18, 21). Some studies have shown that SCFE occurs predominantly in Siamese cats, but until now a breed predisposition has not been confirmed (18). Untreated, SCFE leads to hypertrophic pseudoarthrosis or degenerative joint disease in humans (1, 13, 18, 22). Clinical signs are non-specific. The main symptom is lameness, which can develop acutely or be of chronic duration, without a history of previous trauma. Muscle atrophy, crepitation and painful reaction to palpation with a limited range of hip joint motion can be detected. SCFE develops mostly bilaterally, but it may have different severity and affect one or both sides independently (2, 6, 9, 18, 27). Patients do not show any other abnormalities in addition to those mentioned above (11, 13, 18). Predisposing factors for SCFE are sex, obesity, castration, and delayed physeal closure as a secondary effect of gonadectomy (13, 25). The aim of the study was to compare the usefulness of different diagnostic procedures – radiology, computed tomography, and histopathology – in slipped capital femoral epiphysis in cats.

Evaluatıon Of Trıple Tıbıal Osteotomy Operatıon On Cadavers and Treatment Results Of A Clınıcal Patıent Wıth Cranıal Crucıate Lıgament Rupture Dısease In Dogs

Kopeklerin on capraz bag (OCB) kopuklari sik gorulen bir travmatik gelisimdir. Tedavisinde operatif ve konservatif tedaviler olmak uzere bircok teknik tanimlanmistir. Operatif yontemlerin yaninda konservatif tedavilerin etkileri sinirli kalmaktadir. Operatif tedaviler en cok tercih edilen secenektir ve guncel tekniklerin isiginda tatmin edici sonuclar vermektedir. Gunumuzde gelisen teknolojik imkanlarla artik eklemin biyomekanigini duzenleyen operatif tedaviler mumkun olmakta ve eklem hasarlari en aza indirilmektedir. Bu olgu sunumunda yeni bir teknik olan uclu tibial osteotomi operasyonu ve klinik sonuclari incelendi. Calismayi, tekniginin sunulmasi amaciyla 3 kadavra ve klinik bir hasta olusturdu. Klinik olguda muayeneler sonucu on capraz bag kopugu tanisi konan hasta Uclu Tibial Osteotomi (Triple Tibial Osteotomy, UTO) yontemi ile opere edildi, postoperatif donemde iyilesme saglanincaya kadar kontrolleri gerceklestirildi ve hasta normal fonksiyonel yasamina bu teknikle geri dondu. Bir olguda gerceklestirilen UTO tekniginin uygulamaya bagli olarak etkili bir cerrahi teknik oldugu belirlendi.

Prepubic Minilaparotomy as the Surgical Approach in Treatment of Prostate Disorders in Dogs. A Cadaver Study

Abstract The aim of the study was to assess the prepubic minilaparotomy approach in the surgical treatment of prostatic disorders in dogs. The technique of a limited approach to the prostate was developed on the fresh cadavers of 14 intact adult male dogs, diversified in regard to size and body weight. The abdominal cavity was opened in midline, from the right-sided prepubic parapenile incision. The cut was limited to 7 cm. Afterwards, it was expanded by self-retaining retractors: Gelpi, Weislander, Finnochetto Baby, and Adson. Finnochetto Baby and Gelpi retractors used in pairs enabled an adequate exposition of the prostate in small dogs. The Finnochetto Baby retractor enabled an adequate exposition of the prostate in medium dogs and the Adson retractor - in large and giant dogs. The Weislander and Gelpi retractors used individually did not allow for sufficient access to the prostate in any group of the cadavers. Prepubic minilaparotomy can be a useful surgical approach in the treatment of prostate disorders in dogs. It can be used especially for minor surgical procedures, e.g. sampling of large tissue specimens for histopathological examination, partial prostatectomy, or treatment of intraparenchymal cavitary lesions.