M. Hisyam Basri

Adaptability of activated carbon from palm oil kernel shell in the development of brake friction materials

Four friction material formulations composed of binder, reinforcing fiber, friction modifier and filler have been prepared through powder metallurgy route. The objective of this study is to investigate the possibility of palm oil kernel shell (PKS carbon) to replace the commercial carbon in the fabrication of brake friction materials. Sample H and HB are composed of the same vol. % of ingredients, except that sample H was utilizing commercial carbon (C Carbon) while sample HB was utilizing activated carbon from PKS carbon as their carbon ingredient. Selecting sample HB as based formulation, vol. % of PKS carbon was decreased by 50 % (sample HA) and increased by 50 % (sample HC). The other ingredients in the compositions are proportionally decreased and increased, accordingly. The samples were examined for their porosity, hardness, COF and thickness loss. The three samples which composed of PKS carbon had higher COF than sample which composed of commercial carbon. However, their thickness loss is higher th...

Experimental on the Effects of Various Air Filter Elements on Spark Ignition Engine Performance

This paper presents the results of an investigation on the effect of air filter elements on the performance of spark ignition (SI) engine. Three different types of material; paper, cotton and foam were tested as filtering element in the air filter before the mixing process with fuel in the carburettor. In the experiment, a four-stroke single-cylinder engine was coupled to a 20 kW generator dynamometer to measure engine performance parameters; engine torque, engine power (B.P), brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) at various engine speeds with maximum engine load. The results show correlation between engine performance and the qualities of filtered air as a function of type of air filter element/material used.