M. Hoque

Effect of Murraya koenigii and Aegle marmelos combination on resumption of fertility in anestrous goats.

Abstract Dutt, R., Mehrotra, S., Hoque, M., Shanker, U., Singh, G., Agarwal, S.K., Das, G.K. and Singh, S.K 2010. Effect of Murraya koenigii and Aegle marmelos combination on resumption of fertility in anestrous goats. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 38: 249–252. To examine the effect of combined treatment of Murraya koenigii (Curry leaf plant) and Aegle marmelos(Bel) on restoration of fertility in 14 anestrous goats, 50% ethanolic extract doses of both plants were extrapolated from rats (1000 mg kg−1) to goat using dose equivalent system and converted into powder form based on per cent yield. Half the goats (treatment group) were treated with leaves powder for nine d. Experimental goats were subjected to real time B-mode transrectal ultrasonographic scanning of ovaries and serum collection periodically to study the ovarian function in terms of follicular turnover and estrogen, progesterone profiles, respectively. An increase (P<0.05) in small (day 12), medium (day 12, 16), large (day 12) and total (day 12, 16) follicular population was observed in treatment group. Higher (P<0.05) concentrations of estrogen and progesterone were recorded on day 8, 12, 16 and 16, 20, respectively, in treatment group. 85% (6/7) of treated goats expressed estrus at mean interval of 5.33±0.60 d after end of treatment out of which 83.33% (5/6) were confirmed pregnant ultrasonographically. Results demonstrated favourable effect of plants combination on reproductive performance in anestrous goats.

Effect of Ultrasound Therapy on Fracture Healing in Rabbits

Abstract Maiti, S.K., Kumar, N., Singh, G.R. and Hoque, M. 2003. Effect of ultrasound therapy on fracture healing in rabbits. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 24: 25–32. The effect of two different doses of ultrasound on fracture healing was studied in 12 adult New Zealand white rabbits divided equally in 3 groups (A, B and C). In all animals, midshaft transverse fracture of both the ulnae was created under thiopental (2.5%) anaesthesia. Ultrasound therapy at the rate of pulsed (1:1) 1W/cm2 and continuous 3W/cm2 were given on every alternative day (10 treatments), starting from day 4 post-fracture in groups A and C, respectively. Group B with no therapy served as control. Resolution of inflammatory swelling and pain was earlier in group A followed by groups B and C. Rectal temperature, Hb, TLC and DLC did not vary significantly at various stages of observations in all the three groups. In group A, periosteal proliferation started as early as on day 10 post-operatively and complete obliteration of fracture gap by bridging callus was observed on day 30. Remodeling of bridging callus and well-developed periosteal continuity were evident oil day 40 PO. Group C revealed pathological fracture and delayed and mal-union. Whereas, in control group B, fracture healing was comparatively slow, delayed and the defect site was well visible till day 40 PO. Histopathological observations further confirmed the radiological and clinical findings. No physiological side effects and other complications were observed in any group.

Effect of therapeutic ultrasound and diathermy on oxidant–antioxidant balance in dogs suffering from hind quarter weakness

The present study was conducted to evaluate the erythrocytic oxidant–antioxidant balance in dogs suffering from hind quarter weakness (HQW) and treated with conventional drug therapy (CDT, n=8) alone and in combination with therapeutic ultrasound (US, n=8) and shortwave diathermy (SWD, n=8). A further eight healthy dogs were used as controls. For oxidant level, Lipid Peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant levels Reduced Glutathione (GSH), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) were evaluated in erythrocyte before (day 0) and after 3, 7, 14 and 28 days of therapy. In dogs with HQW, LPO in terms of Malondialdehyde (MDA) production, was found significantly (P<0.05) increased compared to a healthy control on day 0. Thereafter, a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the level of LPO was noticed. Amongst antioxidant enzymes, activities of GSH and CAT decreased significantly (P<0.05) whereas, the level of SOD increased significantly (P<0.05) until day 28 post treatment. Studies revealed that SWD and therapeutic ultrasound in conjunction with CDT can be used to counter free radical-mediated oxidative cell injury, induced by HQW in dogs. However, SWD proved to be better in minimizing excess free radicals production and activating antioxidant defense system as compared to therapeutic ultrasound.

Effect of Ultrasound Therapy on Muscular Injury in Rabbits

Abstract Maiti, S.K., Kumar, N., Singh, G.R., Pawde, A.M., Hoque, M. and Singh, R. 2004, Effect of ultrasound therapy on muscular injury in rabbits. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 26: 67–72. The effect of ultrasound therapy on the healing of muscular injury was studied in 12 adult New Zealand white rabbits divided equally into two groups. A longitudinal incision of 8–10 cm long was made in the middle of biceps femoris muscle under Ketamine-Xylazine anesthesia. The muscle was bluntly separated until the underlying femur was visible. The incised muscle and skin were sutured and treated by standard procedure. Ultrasound therapy at the rate of 0.5 w/cm2 was given daily for 5 min starting 48 h after injury for 7 days in group A. The inflammatory swelling, lameness, pain, respiration and rectal temperature rose significantly for the first 3 consecutive days in both the groups. Resolution of inflammatory swelling, pain and weight bearing was earlier in group A followed by group B. There was complete bridging of incised wounds with persistent and moderate fibroblastic and angioblastic activity in test group. The degree of regeneration of muscle fibers was quicker in therapy group than control. Special staining of muscle biopsy samples further confirmed the clinical, ultrasonographical and histiopathological findings that ultrasound therapy helped healing.

Evaluation of the Herb, Cissus quadrangularis in Accelerating the Healing Process of Femur Osteotomies in dogs

Abstract Maiti, S.K., Saravanan, B., Singh, G.R., Kumar, N., Hoque, M., Lal, J. and Kalicharan. 2007. Evaluation of the herb, Cissus quadrangularis in accelerating the healing process of femur osteotomies in dogs. J. Appl. Anim. Res, 31: 47–52. To evaluate the efficacy of the herb, Cissus quadrangularis Linn as an adjunct to internal fixation in bone healing in dogs, unilateral comminuted diaphyseal femoral osteotomy was created under general anaesthesia and immobilized with neutralization bone plate. All animals received routine postoperative treatment. In group B, additionally ethanolic extract of the herb was applied on skin surface twice a day along with subcutaneous injection (50 mg/kg body wt) on every alternate day for 20 days postoperatively. Early resolution of inflammatory signs and weight bearing were observed in animals of group B. Accelerated bone healing with complete bridging of comminuted fragments, extensive bony deposition along with periosteal and medullary continuity across the osteotomies site in the animals of group B were observed. Whereas, the process was relatively slow and the union was incomplete on day 60 in the animals of group A (control). It is concluded that Cissus quadrangularis accelerated the fracture healing.

Comparative Evaluation of Suture Materials and Suture Techniques for the Management of Traumatic Teat Lesions in Buffaloes

Abstract Tiwary, R., Hoque, M., Maiti, S.K., Singh, G.R. and Kumar, N. 2006. Comparative evaluation of suture materials and suture techniques for the management of traumatic teat lesions in buffaloes. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 29: 33–36. To evaluate two suture materials and techniques in teat surgery, sixteen buffaloes with teat lesions were divided into four equal groups. Internal suturing included single layer continuous lockstitch with catgut 3-0 (group A), single layer continuous lockstitch with polyglycolic acid (PGA) 3-0 (group B), double layer simple continuous with catgut 3-0 (group C) and double layer simple continuous with PGA 3-0 (group D). Double layer simple continuous suturing with PGA reported best results followed by double layer suturing with catgut. Suture line leakage and complications were more common with single layer lockstitch patterns. Double layer suturing of teat lesions with PGA and catgut provided functional recovery of the teat, however, PGA had an edge over catgut.