M. Kaidu

Superiority of a soft tissue-based setup using cone-beam computed tomography over a bony structure-based setup in intensity-modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer.

The purpose of this study was to test the superiority of a soft tissue‐based setup using cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) to a bony structure‐based setup using the ExacTrac system in intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for prostate cancer. We studied 20 patients with localized prostate cancer who received IMRT between November 2010 and February 2012. After the initial setup, the pelvic bony structure‐based setup and ExacTrac system were applied. After that, CBCT and a soft tissue‐based setup were used. A shift in the isocenter between the ExacTrac‐based and CBCT‐based setup was recorded in the anterior–posterior (AP), superior–inferior (SI), and left–right (LR) axes. The shift was considered an interfractional prostate shift. Post‐treatment CBCT was also taken once a week to measure the intrafractional prostate shift, based on the coordinates of the isocenter between pre‐ and post‐treatment CBCT. The planning target volume (PTV) margins were determined using van Herks method. We measured the elapsed time required for soft tissue matching and the entire treatment time using CBCT. The means±standard deviation(SD) of the inter‐ and intrafractional shifts were 0.9±2.8 mm and −0.3±1.4 mm in the AP, 0.9±2.2 mm and −0.1±1.2 mm in the SI, and 0.1±0.7 mm and −0.1±0.7 mm in the LR directions. The PTV margins in the cases of bony structure‐based and soft tissue‐based setups were 7.3 mm and 2.7 mm in the AP, 5.8 mm and 2.3 mm in the SI, and 1.9 mm and 1.2 mm in the LR directions. Even though the median elapsed time using CBCT was expanded in 5.9 min, the PTV margins were significantly reduced. We found the calculated PTV margins in the soft tissue‐based setup using CBCT were small, and this arrangement was superior to the bony structure‐based setup in prostate IMRT. PACS numbers: 87.19.ru, 87.55.T‐

Definitive chemoradiotherapy with low-dose continuous 5-fluorouracil reduces hematological toxicity without compromising survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients

Background and purpose To compare chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with low-dose continuous 5-fluorouracil (5FU) to CRT with 5FU+cisplatin (CDDP) for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in a retrospective cohort study. Methods and materials We reviewed the cases of Stage I–IV ESCC patients who underwent definitive CRT in 2000–2014. Concomitant chemotherapy was one of the three regimens: (1) high-dose intermittent 5FU and CDDP (standard-dose FP: SDFP), (2) low-dose continuous 5FU and CDDP (LDFP), or (3) low-dose continuous 5FU (LD5FU). The general selection criteria for chemotherapy were: SDFP for patients aged <70 yrs; LDFP for those aged 70–74 yrs; LD5FU for those aged ≥75 yrs or with performance status (PS) ≥3. Propensity scores were derived with chemotherapy (LD5FU vs. 5FU+CDDP) as the dependent variable. Results In a multivariate analysis, chemotherapy (LD5FU vs. SDFP, p = .24; LDFP vs. SDFP, p = .52) did not affect the overall survival (OS). LD5FU caused significantly less grade 3–4 leukopenia (9%) compared to SDFP (47%) and LDFP (44%) (p < .001). In a propensity-matched analysis, LD5FU affected neither OS (HR 1.06; 95%CI 0.55–2.05; p = .87) nor progression-free survival (HR 0.95, 95%CI 0.50–1.81; p = .87). Conclusion CRT with low-dose continuous 5FU may be a less toxic option for elderly ESCC patients.

Respiratory gating and multifield technique radiotherapy for esophageal cancer

PurposeTo investigate the effects of a respiratory gating and multifield technique on the dose-volume histogram (DVH) in radiotherapy for esophageal cancer.Methods and materialsTwenty patients who underwent four-dimensional computed tomography for esophageal cancer were included. We retrospectively created the four treatment plans for each patient, with or without the respiratory gating and multifield technique: No gating-2-field, No gating-4-field, Gating-2-field, and Gating-4-field plans. We compared the DVH parameters of the lung and heart in the No gating-2-field plan with the other three plans.ResultIn the comparison of the parameters in the No gating-2-field plan, there are significant differences in the Lung V5Gy, V20Gy, mean dose with all three plans and the Heart V25Gy–V40Gy with Gating-2-field plan, V35Gy, V40Gy, mean dose with No Gating-4-field plan and V30Gy–V40Gy, and mean dose with Gating-4-field plan. The lung parameters were smaller in the Gating-2-field plan and larger in the No gating-4-field and Gating-4-field plans. The heart parameters were all larger in the No gating-2-field plan.ConclusionThe lung parameters were reduced by the respiratory gating technique and increased by the multifield technique. The heart parameters were reduced by both techniques. It is important to select the optimal technique according to the risk of complications.