M. M. Abdul Jamil

Development of Artificial Hand Gripper for Rehabilitation Process

This paper focuses on the development of a robotic hand that imitates the movement of a human hand. The basic movement of the surgeon hand was limited from a wrist, elbow and shoulder degree of freedom during an operation. The artificial hand gripper system requires sensors for a smooth and accurate movement. This allows large movement from the surgeon hand to be corrected on a small scale with a perfect incision and without any vibration. Although such a system available in the market, the utilization of robotic hand particularly in Malaysia for medical application are still very minimum due to its expensive cost. Therefore, in this research we plan to develop a reasonably cheaper home built robotic hand which can perform the task of a hand gripper as a beginning step. The initial objective of this research is to analyze and develop artificial arm with a strength limit proportional to the weight. Next, followed by the attachment of a wireless system on the prosthetic gripper via Radio Frequency (RF) transceiver. The system development involves a Programming Interfacing Circuit (PIC) 16F877 as a core processing for the instrumentation, communication and controlling applications. A series of flex force sensors are fitted in a leather glove to get reading from the movement of human fingers. Microcontroller will further use this information to control multiple servo that act as a mechanical hand inside the prosthetic gripper.

Microdosimetry modeling technique for Spherical Cell

Electroporation is a process of the bio-physical effect on cells exposed to an external electrical field is gaining applications in medical treatments, especially to create pores through a cell membrane and allow uptake of DNA into a cell. The efficacy of this treatment depends on the magnitude and the distribution of electric field applied, in addition to the physiological parameters, such as the conductivities and relative permittivities of the cell membranes and cytoplasm. In addition, physical parameters, such as the thickness and size of the cell also influence the efficiency of the electroporation technique. In this research, the electric field distributions of spherical cells were studied using Finite Integration Techniques (FIT), to explicate the difference in responses of the analytical and numerical cells for a given input voltage. For this purpose, quasistatic approach based on CST EM STUDIO ® software was used. A comparison of the induced transmembrane potential of the analytical against numerical technique shows that not more than 2% was observed in the spherical cell for an applied field of 1V/m to 10nm thick cell membranes.

Cell Imaging With The Widefield Surface Plasmon Microscope

Imaging interfacial environment has proved challenging using standard imaging systems. This is a problem that may be circumvented using the widefield surface plasmon microscope (WSPR). Surface plasmon microscopy relies on the excitation of electron oscillations at a conductor/dielectric interface by P polarised light striking that interface at a specific surface plasmon resonance (SPR) angle. The SPR angle can be changed by application of a molecular species to the conductor, which modifies the mean refractive index at that interface and thus alters the coupling efficiency between the conductor and the P-polarised light. Commercial SPR microscopes unfortunately have poor lateral resolutions, but the WSPR uses a high numerical aperture lens to excite surface plasmons, and thus not only enables nanometric Z axes imaging of interfacial molecular interactions but also enables SPR imaging at micron to submicron lateral resolutions. Initial work has shown that this system can be used to image cell/surface interactions. This paper focuses on looking at the use of the WSPR microscope in the imaging of a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCat cells), bone cells, neonatal rat intestinal smooth muscle cells and neonatal rat knee joint derived chondrocytes. Of these cell types the HaCat cells couple tightly to the cell culture surface, and this is reflected by clear band like arrangements of focal contacts, in comparison chondrocytes, smooth muscle cells and bone cells couple less strongly to the surface and this is reflected by less clearly defined arrangements of focal contacts. In all cases WSPR microscopy also enabled identification of internal cellular features, specifically the nucleus and in the case of smooth muscle cells contractile filament like structures.

An Overview: Segmentation Method for Blood Cell Disorders

Blood make up of 45% blood cells and 55% plasma. Blood cells consist of red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC) and platelet (thrombocytes). Each of the cells has the role to carry oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, work as an antibody and function for clot mechanism. Complete blood count (CBC) is done to measure all of the blood cells and including hematocrit and hemoglobin. Any abnormal reading which beyond the normal reading is considered blood cell disorder like leukimia, aplastic anemia, and others. Many analyzing methods has been developed to give a precise and reliable reading for CBC such as flow cythometric immunophenotyping, manual blood reading, blood smear, segmentation and others. Segmentation is among the best way for analyzing in term of cost effective and time consuming compared to other methods. A continuous improvement for 3D image segmentation will lead to a better result in the future.

Consideration of Obstacles Configuration in Designing Low Reynolds Number Micromixer for Blood Microfluidic Application

Micromixer can be divided into two categories which are active micromixer and passive micromixer. Due to the simple fabrication technology and ease of implementation in a complex microfluidic system, obstacle-based passive micromixers will be the focus in this work. A passive micromixer is depends on low Reynolds number and the channel geometry for mixing effectiveness. In this work, three designs of obstacle based micromixer were designed and evaluated. These micromixers has 237μm channel length, 30μm inlet length, 900 between inlets ports, width and depth are 30μm each. The fluids used for mixing were blood which has 3.0 × 10-3 kg/μms of viscosity and glycerin which has high viscosity than blood (1.49 × 10-3 kg/μms). The fluids used to evaluate the differences in term of their visual performance based image’s standard deviation by plotting the graph and mixing efficiency by calculation. Based on these evaluations, the Y shape with meander structure obstacle design has the best mixing efficiency at the outlet of the channel.

The Effect of Titanium Dioxide to the Bacterial Growth on Lysogeny Broth Agar

In this paper, the effect of Titanium dioxide powder to the bacterial growth on Lysogeny broth (LB) were investigated. LB agar used as a nutrient media to grow bacteria from drain water mixed with different weight of TiO2 The image of the cultured plate was captured using webcam. Then the size of bacterial colonies was measured by Microsoft Visual Basic software. The result shows that the Titanium dioxide powder are able to decrease the growth of bacterial colonies in the drain water sample. This finding suggests that the Titanium dioxide have a potential to be used as purification agent in water treatment process.

Colour Number Coding Scheme for Human Blood Cell

Our perceptive in the scientific datasets has largely relied on numerical and statistical analysis of data from experimental dimension and computer simulation result. In particular, we consider a simulated 3D time-varying model of scientific datasets and examine the temporal correlation among datasets. Our goal is to devise effective visual representations to aid scientists especially biologists in identifying possible correlation associated among it. We proposed a hybrid scheme that used 3D glyphs for orientation, colour scale and codeword for depicting the time and opacity with highlight and de-highlight factors for collaborative events, if possible. Finally, we hope this tool will able to help scientists in their analysis works.