M. Mahdavi

Collisional effect on the Weibel instability with the bi-Maxwellian distribution function

In this paper, the Coulomb collision effect of electron-ion is investigated based on the equilibrium bi-Maxwellian anisotropic distribution function in dense and unmagnetized plasma. An analytical expression is derived for the real frequency and the growth rate of the Weibel instability for two limiting cases |ξ=ω′k||θ|||≫1 and |ξ|≪1. In the limit |ξ|≪1, the quantity η that is due to a collisional term will appear in the growth and condition of the rate of the Weibel instability, which leads to a constraining condition of the growth rate. When η increases, the growth rate will increase and the wave instability will be distant from its own damping mode.

The effect of degeneracy parameter on Weibel instability in dense plasma

In this paper, the role of degeneracy parameter, in both directions parallel and perpendicular with propagation direction of the laser beam in plasma, on the growth rate of Weibel instability, is studied. Calculations show that with the temperature anisotropy, β = T∥/T⊥ = 0.2 and a 0.75 times reduction of the degeneracy parameter, the increased rate of the the Weibel instability growth rate is 72%. The degeneracy required for minimal growth rate in interaction laser plasma with a density of 1.2 × 1032m−3, is larger than 3. The reduction of temperature and the degeneracy parameter of plasma in parallel direction will also increase growth rate about 30% more than incrossing degeneracy parameter in transverse direction. With the minimum pressure costs of cold compression, subsequent degeneracy parameters, and the minimum value of electron quiver energy, we can expect growth rate of Weibel instability order 0.01.

The effect of density gradient on the growth rate of relativistic Weibel instability

In this paper, the effect of density gradient on the Weibel instability growth rate is investigated. The density perturbations in the near corona fuel, where temperature anisotropy, η, is larger than the critical temperature anisotropy, ηc, (η > ηc), enhances the growth rate of Weibel instability due to the sidebands coupled with the electron oscillatory velocity. But for η   2. The analysis shows that relativistic effects and density gradient tend to stabilize the Weibel instability. The growth rate can be reduced by 88% by reducing η by a factor of 100 and increasing relativistic parameter by a factor of 3.

Deuterium/helium-3 fusion reactors with lithium seeding

Optimal usage and consumption of designed fuel pellets in the inertial confinement fusion system (ICF) is one of the very important parameters. In this research, nuclear fusion in D/3Hey/6Lix mixtures is considered using a time dependent model based on nuclear reactions, including ion–electron collisions, bremsstrahlung losses and inverse Compton effects and mechanical expansion [1]. The effect of the initial lithium concentration on ignition temperature and energy gain is analyzed. It was found that with x = 0.37 (x: lithium content parameter) and ρR = 23 g cm−2 (ρR: areal density) and Ti = 32 keV (Ti : ignition temperature) we get the maximum energy gain.

The density gradient effect on quantum Weibel instability

The Weibel instability plays an important role in stopping the hot electrons and energy deposition mechanism in the fast ignition of inertial fusion process. In this paper, the effects of the density gradient and degeneracy on Weibel instability growth rate are investigated. Calculations show that decreasing the density degenerate in the plasma corona, near the relativistic electron beam emitting region by 8.5% leads to a 92% reduction in the degeneracy parameter and about 90% reduction in Weibel instability growth rate. Also, decreasing the degenerate density near the fuel core by 8.5% leads to 1% reduction in the degeneracy parameter and about 8.5% reduction in Weibel instability growth rate. The Weibel instability growth rate shrinks to zero and the deposition condition of relativistic electron beam energy can be shifted to the fuel core for a suitable ignition by increasing the degeneracy parameter in the first layer of plasma corona.

The interaction of quasi-monoenergetic protons with pre-compressed inertial fusion fuels

The interaction of a quasi-monoenergetic proton beam with a pre-compressed plasma is studied in the context of inertial fusion fast ignition (FI). Based on fundamental principles, a kinetic model is developed by considering hard collisions, nuclear scattering, and the contribution due to collective processes. The penetration depth, longitudinal straggling, and the transverse blooming are evaluated by solving the Boltzmann transport equation using the multiple scattering theory. The stopping power, transport scattering cross sections, and convenient expressions for the angular moments of the proton distribution function have been used in modeling the collisional proton transport in a three-dimensional (3D) Monte Carlo code. The transport of a proton beam with a quasi-monoenergetic energy ⟨E⟩=10 MeV is studied for pre-compressed deuterium-tritium plasma with an average density of ρ=400 g cm−3 and temperatures T=1 keV, 5 keV, and 10 keV. The net effects of multiple scattering are to reduce the penetration fr...

Broadening effects on opacity calculation of CH plasmas

Opacity is a function of the temperature and electron density of plasma. The plasma density can be determined by measurements of Stark-broadened K-shell spectral lines. The purpose of this work is to obtain a more detailed structure of opacity with regard to broadening effects. For this aim, the opacity frequency dependency and mean opacity of mixed plasmas are calculated under local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) conditions. The LTE state in inertial confinement fusion occurs when the collisional deexcitation rate from the upper level to the lower level greatly exceeds the spontaneous decay rate. Since the thermal radiation can be absorbed by the CH-ablator, by studying the behavior of the CH Polystyrene opacity, one can obtain the temperature and density of the plasma in investigations of matter found in stellar interiors, inertial fusion implosions, and Z pinches as a diagnostic technique. The main aspect of diagnostic application is spectrum broadening. The final results show that the Stark-broadened...

The Quantum Effects Role on Weibel Instability Growth Rate in Dense Plasma

The Weibel instability is one of the basic plasma instabilities that plays an important role in stopping the hot electrons and energy deposition mechanism. In this paper, combined effect of the density gradient and quantum effects on Weibel instability growth rate is investigated. The results have shown that, by increasing the quantum parameter, for large wavelengths, the Weibel instability growth rate shrinks to zero. In the large wavelengths limit, the analysis shows that quantum effects and density gradient tend to stabilize the Weibel instability. The density perturbations have decreased the growth rate of Weibel instability in the near corona fuel, . In the small wavelengths limit, for the density gradient, , the tunneling quantum effects increase anisotropy in the phase space. The quantum tunneling effect leads to an unexpected increase in the Weibel instability growth rate.

The Weibel instability in a strongly coupled plasma

In this paper, the growth rate of the Weibel instability is calculated for an energetic relativistic electron beam penetrated into a strongly coupled plasma, where the collision effects of background electron-ion scattering play an important role in equations. In order to calculate the growth rate of the Weibel instability, two different models of anisotropic distribution function are used. First, the distribution of the plasma and beam electrons considered as similar forms of bi-Maxwellian distribution. Second, the distribution functions of the plasma electrons and the beam electrons follows bi-Maxwellian and delta-like distributions, respectively. The obtained results show that the collision effect decreases the growth rate in two models. When the distribution function of electrons beam is in bi-Maxwellian form, the instability growth rate is greater than where the distribution function of beam electrons is in delta-like form, because, the anisotropic temperature for bi-Maxwellian distribution function in velocity space is greater than the delta-like distribution function.

NUCLEAR ELASTIC SCATTERING EFFECT ON STOPPING POWER OF CHARGED PARTICLES IN HIGH-TEMPERATURE MEDIA

By solving the Boltzmann equation, an expression is derived for the stopping power of fast ions via nuclear elastic scattering, taking into account the large-energy-transfer scattering effects. The plasma electrons and ions are considered in temperature equilibrium with the Maxwellian distribution function. Thus, by adding Coulomb stopping power, the complete treatment is obtained for stopping power of charged particles moving in a plasma. The result is used, for example, to calculate the stopping power of proton projectile moving in a deuterium–tritium plasma. These calculations show that the nuclear elastic scattering effect on stopping power of fast ions is more effective in high-temperature plasmas (T ≥ 10 keV) such as that used in thermonuclear plasmas.