M. Mian

Spectroscopic investigations of polycrystalline InxSb20−xAg10Se70 (0 ⩽ × ⩽ 15) multicomponent chalcogenides

Abstract The composition dependence of physical properties of chalcogenides has recently been studied for their phase change properties and energy conversion. In the present work, we report the structure, composition, optical and Raman spectroscopy results for bulk polycrystalline InxSb20−xAg10Se70 (0 ⩽ × ⩽ 15) samples. The phase quantification and composition have been studied by using XRD and EDX techniques. The alloy composition up to 5 at.% of indium resulted in crystallization of AgSbSe2, while further increase in In content favored the formation of another chalcopyrite AgInSe2 phase yielding the solid solutions for this alloy system. A decrease in band gap up to x = 5 followed by its increase with an increase in indium concentration has been observed. The variations in shape and position of characteristic Raman bands has been used for understanding the structural modifications of the network with the variation in indium content.

Structural, optical and photoconductive properties of iso-coordinated InxSb30âxSe70 chalcogenide films

Method & Materials: Total 8 rabbits (male, older than 16 weeks) were divided into two groups of early cranioplasty group (EG, 4 rabbits) and delayed cranioplasty group (DG, 4 rabbits). The rabbits of each group were performed cranioplasty via frozen autologous bone flaps 4 weeks (EG) and 8 weeks (DG) after craniectomy. In order to obtain control data, the cranioplasty immediate after craniectomy were made on the contralateral cranial bone of the rabbits (control group, CG). The bone fusion and new bone formation were evaluated by micro-CT scan and histological examination 8 weeks after cranioplasty on both groups was done.S processed thin-film photovoltaic (PV) solar technologies, such as polymer and perovskite solar cells (PSCs), may provide low-cost electricity generation. These technologies suffer from insufficient light absorption due to thin absorbers. Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and act as scattering centers and subwavelength antennas, so metallic NPs can be incorporated into thin-film solar cells to effectively improve the light absorption of light harvesting devices. We have embedded various metallic nanocomposites into the electron transport layer (ETL) or the hole transport layer (HTL) of polymer and perovskite solar cells to investigate the photovoltaic effects of the PV cells with metallic nanostructures. The PSC device achieved a significant enhancement of the UV stability and 34.2% improvement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) by combinational use of Au NPs and insulating MgO in mesoporous TiO2. The polymer PV device demonstrated improved stability and 14.5% improvement of PCE by embedding AgAl nanostructures into the HTL. Solar cell performance observations and results indicate that the LSPR and electrical effects of metallic nanostructures enhance the photovoltaic response of both kinds of PV cells, by causing an incredible improvement in the photocurrent density as a dominant factor. The fundamental optics and physics behind the plasmonic polymer and perovskite solar cell was studiedI this study LTA, zeolite was prepared from Saudi white silica as a main source of silica. The effect of ultrasonic irradiation on the crystal structure and ability to ion exchange of some heavy metals were studied. Many techniques were used to characterize the prepared zeolite includes XRD with crystal lattice analysis, EPR and finally ion exchange isotherm of some heavy metal ions. The results showed that the ultra-sonicated zeolite exhibits different behavior towards ion exchange with increasing its capacity. The ultra-sonicated zeolite showed little increase in the lattice parameters with increasing in the crystal size. Fitting adsorption isotherms on the metal adsorbed showed an observable change in the behavior of ultra-sonicated zeolite towards the metals exchanged.T binding of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) to the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK) on pre-osteoclast is essential for osteoclast maturation and activity. Osteoproteogerin (OPG) is a soluble decoy receptor for RANKL. Its binding to RANK prevents binding of RANKL to RANK and subsequent hinders activation of osteoclast. Various in vivo studies and clinical trials have investigated the systemic use of OPG in treatment of bone diseases. Chitosan is a cationic polymer derived from chitin. This material has antimicrobial activity, biodegradability, and mucoadhesive properties, making it an ideal material for biomedical applications. It also promotes cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. It is suggested that the local application of new formulated OPG-chitosan preparation may have similar osteogenic potential in the bone defect. The objectives of this study are: (i) to formulate of different forms of OPG-chitosan gels from different molecular weights of water-soluble chitosan (10, 25, 50 kDa), (ii) to evaluate the gels biodegradation, (iii) to determine amount of OPG protein release from gels and (iv) to evaluate the cytotoxicity of gels by Alamar Blue assay and scanning electron microscope. (iv) Efficacy of gel on bone regeneration in rabbit. From our studies we conclude that our gels are (i) non-toxic (ii) biodegradable and (iii) exhibits sustained release property. (iv) OPG-chitosan has a positive effect on bone formation. Therefore, we have proven that OPG-chitosan gel is evidently viable to be used locally for potential bone defect application.This Article is Available in: https://www.imedpub.com/archives-in-chemistry/ Polymer nano-composites have received immense attention in the recent years, as many of these materials present promising properties like high flexural strength, improved pressure barrier properties and depleting flammability. Polycarbonate is one of the most interesting ones, due to characteristic properties like high toughness and strength, excellent ballistic strength and good visual clarity. It could be expected that the addition of relatively low percentages of nano-reinforcements will result into remarkable improvements in mechanical and thermal properties. In this work, (Cloisite 25A) nano clay, Araldite LY 556 epoxy, HY 951 hardener were used to prepare the matrix at various blends 0%, 4%, 8%, and 10% by using hand layup method. And further detailed analysis was performed to study the tribological property of various percentage nano-clay (Cloisite 25A) loaded epoxies, with inclusion of jute fiber using Taguchi’s technique. For this purpose, the test samples were prepared according to the ASTM: G99 standard, and the test was carried out with the assistance of Pin-onDisc machine. For this experimentation L16 orthogonal array was used to evaluate the tribological property with four control variables such as % of nano-clay content, normal load, sliding velocity and sliding distance at each level on friction co-efficient along with wear rate. From the obtained results the combination of factors greatly influenced the process to achieve the minimum wear and coefficient of friction for jute fiber reinforced laminates were analyzed. The microstructure behavior of the fabricated samples were investigated with assistance of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), particle distribution was analyzed throughout the matrix by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis before and after the wear test. ANOVA analysis revealed the nano clay contribution on coefficient of friction and wear of the jute fiber laminate composites.I the present study, isotactic polypropylene (PP)/local organoclay (OC) nanocomposites were prepared by two different methods, namely extrusion and casting method. Cationic surfactant, Hexadecylpyridiniumchloride(CPC) is used to modify the Khulays clay from Saudi Arabia after saturating its surface with Na+ ions. The crystalline structure and properties of OC and PP /OC were investigated by FTIR, XRD, DSC, TEM, SEM to establish the correlation between the preparation method and the degree of clay intercalation/exfoliation in PP matrix. Using simple combustion apparatus, the effect of organoclay content on the flammability behavior of the PP/organoclay was investigated by horizontal burning tests for HB classification, Underwriters Laboratories (UL94). The above investigations reveal that PP/OC nanocomposites prepared by extrusion have the most extensive dispersion of OC particles and high levels of exfoliation compared to that prepared by casting method. The vertical burning tests results showed increase in the ignition time and significant reduction of flame propagation rate of PP/ organoclay nanocomposites compared to neat PPD the emergency of competing materials carbon nanotubes remain at the fore-front of the promising materials for organic electronics like field-effect transistors. Due to their properties, are among the most suitable structure to support the current advancements goals in flexible electronics. However, very few are the ways to make stable single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) dispersions for simple processing. To further push the adoption of this kind of devices in everyday life applications, high-throughput dispersion and fabrication methods must be adopted. In this work, we highlight how a simple process for chirality selection and dispersion of semiconducting SWNT may be used for the realization of all-printed Field Effect Transistors. Chirality selection is operated by polymer-wrapping of the s-SWNTs with poly [(9, 9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7diyl)-alt-co-(6,6’-{2,2’-bipyridine})] in common organic solvents, with a process optimized for the [6,5] chirality selection. After solution purification, wrapped nanotubes can be dispersed in those solvents suitable for printing. The printing process was performed in ambient air and at room temperature, and the SWNT ink was dispense using a nozzle with an orifice diameter of 60μm over pre-patterned source and drain electrodes. The devices exhibit ambipolarity, with a slight prevalence of the n-type behavior. For both electron and hole accumulations, at VDS = ± 5V (linear regime) 10 6 on-off ratios can be observed, with mobilities (μlin) around 0,3 cm2V -1s-1 for both carrier types. In saturation regime (VDS = ± 60 V) mobility values (μsat) up to 0.8 cm2V-1s-1 for electrons and 0.65 cm2V-1s-1 for holes are reached. The study also highlights the effects of different solvents on the carbon nanotube network formation and transistor performances with best results with those solvents that tend to form polymer pre-aggregates in the printed solution.A groundwater, used as drinking water, has been creating several problems in different countries around the World. The present existing reports of diverse countries showed arsenic concentrations in drinking water is much higher than those proposed by the World Health Organization (10 μg/L). Nanomaterials and nanotechnologies inspire new possible solutions to major environmental issues nowadays. It has been reported that adsorption strategies using nanoparticles turned beneficial as hematite proved to be very efficient for the removal of arsenic in drinking water. However, the adsorption mechanism is not yet clear. In order to shed light on this subject, we attempt to study the interactions between arsenic species and α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles in aqueous medium. The iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared using a solvothermal method. Synthesized hematite nanoparticles were put in contact with As2O3 solutions at room temperature and at pH 4 and 7. The nanoparticles were characterized by FTIR, XRD, UV-vis, XRF and XPS. The results showed that synthesized nanoparticles had an average diameter of crystallite of 30 nm and from XRD pattern also was confirmed a rhombohedra hexagonal closepacked phase for the powders obtained (α-Fe2O3). From optical studies was evidenced that hematite nanoparticle obtained, have semiconductor properties due to band gap value, in this case 2.2 eV. The presence of arsenic on particles surface was confirmed, which is more remarkable when pH=7 condition is employed. On the other hand, after adsorption experiment, it was evident from FTIR and XPS that once arsenic species interact with the nanoparticles, they form mono and bi-dentate surface complexes. The developed methodology could be implemented in the water treatment industries, reducing the costs of the processes and making them more environmental friendly.N natural fibers form an interesting alternative for the most widely applied fiber in the composite technology. Natural biodegradable polymers are called biopolymers. There are two main renewable sources of biopolymers, i.e. (i) starch, polysaccharides and cellulose and (ii) proteins. To improve the mechanical properties of such polymers or to enrich their degradation rate, natural polymers are modified using chemicals. The use of hemp fibers as reinforcement in composite materials has increased in recent years as a response to the increasing demand for developing biodegradable, sustainable, and recyclable materials. Hemp fibers are found in the stem of the plant which makes them strong and stiff, a primary requirement for the reinforcement of composite materials. In the present work, Hemp composites are developed under chemical treatment (Alkaline, Acrylonitrile and Benzoylation treatments) and their mechanical properties are evaluated. Mechanical properties of Hemp/polymer are compared with glass fiber/epoxy. These results indicate that Hemp can be used as a possible reinforcing material for creating low load bearing thermoplastic composites.A series of semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) hydrogel based on poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) were prepared by emulsion polymerization. There were 5 samples composed of different amount of initiators and catalysts for emulsion polymerization. The changes of particle sizes of each hydrogel were monitored at temperatures 30oC, 35oC 40oC and 45oC respectively. The optimal hydrogel was coated onto cotton fabrics and then the coated fabrics were investigated by swelling experiment, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The thermo-behavior of the semi-IPN hydrogel is observed. Experimental data indicates the amount of initiators and catalysts added is an influential factor for the formation of optimal hydrogels while the concentration of hydrogel is not. The coated fabric is able to change the swelling ratio by 10.1% at the Lower Critical Solution Temperature (~35oC), which means the fabric is sensitive to the change of temperature. SEM results indicate that the semi-IPN hydrogel affects the surface appearance of the cotton fabric. Further confirmation of chemical structure is completed by FTIR spectroscopy.

Effect of in addition on structural, optical, electrical and photoconductivity of iso-coordinated InxSb20-xAg10Se70 (0â¤xâ¤20) chalcogenide films

Method & Materials: Total 8 rabbits (male, older than 16 weeks) were divided into two groups of early cranioplasty group (EG, 4 rabbits) and delayed cranioplasty group (DG, 4 rabbits). The rabbits of each group were performed cranioplasty via frozen autologous bone flaps 4 weeks (EG) and 8 weeks (DG) after craniectomy. In order to obtain control data, the cranioplasty immediate after craniectomy were made on the contralateral cranial bone of the rabbits (control group, CG). The bone fusion and new bone formation were evaluated by micro-CT scan and histological examination 8 weeks after cranioplasty on both groups was done.S processed thin-film photovoltaic (PV) solar technologies, such as polymer and perovskite solar cells (PSCs), may provide low-cost electricity generation. These technologies suffer from insufficient light absorption due to thin absorbers. Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and act as scattering centers and subwavelength antennas, so metallic NPs can be incorporated into thin-film solar cells to effectively improve the light absorption of light harvesting devices. We have embedded various metallic nanocomposites into the electron transport layer (ETL) or the hole transport layer (HTL) of polymer and perovskite solar cells to investigate the photovoltaic effects of the PV cells with metallic nanostructures. The PSC device achieved a significant enhancement of the UV stability and 34.2% improvement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) by combinational use of Au NPs and insulating MgO in mesoporous TiO2. The polymer PV device demonstrated improved stability and 14.5% improvement of PCE by embedding AgAl nanostructures into the HTL. Solar cell performance observations and results indicate that the LSPR and electrical effects of metallic nanostructures enhance the photovoltaic response of both kinds of PV cells, by causing an incredible improvement in the photocurrent density as a dominant factor. The fundamental optics and physics behind the plasmonic polymer and perovskite solar cell was studiedI this study LTA, zeolite was prepared from Saudi white silica as a main source of silica. The effect of ultrasonic irradiation on the crystal structure and ability to ion exchange of some heavy metals were studied. Many techniques were used to characterize the prepared zeolite includes XRD with crystal lattice analysis, EPR and finally ion exchange isotherm of some heavy metal ions. The results showed that the ultra-sonicated zeolite exhibits different behavior towards ion exchange with increasing its capacity. The ultra-sonicated zeolite showed little increase in the lattice parameters with increasing in the crystal size. Fitting adsorption isotherms on the metal adsorbed showed an observable change in the behavior of ultra-sonicated zeolite towards the metals exchanged.T binding of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) to the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK) on pre-osteoclast is essential for osteoclast maturation and activity. Osteoproteogerin (OPG) is a soluble decoy receptor for RANKL. Its binding to RANK prevents binding of RANKL to RANK and subsequent hinders activation of osteoclast. Various in vivo studies and clinical trials have investigated the systemic use of OPG in treatment of bone diseases. Chitosan is a cationic polymer derived from chitin. This material has antimicrobial activity, biodegradability, and mucoadhesive properties, making it an ideal material for biomedical applications. It also promotes cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. It is suggested that the local application of new formulated OPG-chitosan preparation may have similar osteogenic potential in the bone defect. The objectives of this study are: (i) to formulate of different forms of OPG-chitosan gels from different molecular weights of water-soluble chitosan (10, 25, 50 kDa), (ii) to evaluate the gels biodegradation, (iii) to determine amount of OPG protein release from gels and (iv) to evaluate the cytotoxicity of gels by Alamar Blue assay and scanning electron microscope. (iv) Efficacy of gel on bone regeneration in rabbit. From our studies we conclude that our gels are (i) non-toxic (ii) biodegradable and (iii) exhibits sustained release property. (iv) OPG-chitosan has a positive effect on bone formation. Therefore, we have proven that OPG-chitosan gel is evidently viable to be used locally for potential bone defect application.This Article is Available in: https://www.imedpub.com/archives-in-chemistry/ Polymer nano-composites have received immense attention in the recent years, as many of these materials present promising properties like high flexural strength, improved pressure barrier properties and depleting flammability. Polycarbonate is one of the most interesting ones, due to characteristic properties like high toughness and strength, excellent ballistic strength and good visual clarity. It could be expected that the addition of relatively low percentages of nano-reinforcements will result into remarkable improvements in mechanical and thermal properties. In this work, (Cloisite 25A) nano clay, Araldite LY 556 epoxy, HY 951 hardener were used to prepare the matrix at various blends 0%, 4%, 8%, and 10% by using hand layup method. And further detailed analysis was performed to study the tribological property of various percentage nano-clay (Cloisite 25A) loaded epoxies, with inclusion of jute fiber using Taguchi’s technique. For this purpose, the test samples were prepared according to the ASTM: G99 standard, and the test was carried out with the assistance of Pin-onDisc machine. For this experimentation L16 orthogonal array was used to evaluate the tribological property with four control variables such as % of nano-clay content, normal load, sliding velocity and sliding distance at each level on friction co-efficient along with wear rate. From the obtained results the combination of factors greatly influenced the process to achieve the minimum wear and coefficient of friction for jute fiber reinforced laminates were analyzed. The microstructure behavior of the fabricated samples were investigated with assistance of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), particle distribution was analyzed throughout the matrix by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis before and after the wear test. ANOVA analysis revealed the nano clay contribution on coefficient of friction and wear of the jute fiber laminate composites.I the present study, isotactic polypropylene (PP)/local organoclay (OC) nanocomposites were prepared by two different methods, namely extrusion and casting method. Cationic surfactant, Hexadecylpyridiniumchloride(CPC) is used to modify the Khulays clay from Saudi Arabia after saturating its surface with Na+ ions. The crystalline structure and properties of OC and PP /OC were investigated by FTIR, XRD, DSC, TEM, SEM to establish the correlation between the preparation method and the degree of clay intercalation/exfoliation in PP matrix. Using simple combustion apparatus, the effect of organoclay content on the flammability behavior of the PP/organoclay was investigated by horizontal burning tests for HB classification, Underwriters Laboratories (UL94). The above investigations reveal that PP/OC nanocomposites prepared by extrusion have the most extensive dispersion of OC particles and high levels of exfoliation compared to that prepared by casting method. The vertical burning tests results showed increase in the ignition time and significant reduction of flame propagation rate of PP/ organoclay nanocomposites compared to neat PPD the emergency of competing materials carbon nanotubes remain at the fore-front of the promising materials for organic electronics like field-effect transistors. Due to their properties, are among the most suitable structure to support the current advancements goals in flexible electronics. However, very few are the ways to make stable single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) dispersions for simple processing. To further push the adoption of this kind of devices in everyday life applications, high-throughput dispersion and fabrication methods must be adopted. In this work, we highlight how a simple process for chirality selection and dispersion of semiconducting SWNT may be used for the realization of all-printed Field Effect Transistors. Chirality selection is operated by polymer-wrapping of the s-SWNTs with poly [(9, 9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7diyl)-alt-co-(6,6’-{2,2’-bipyridine})] in common organic solvents, with a process optimized for the [6,5] chirality selection. After solution purification, wrapped nanotubes can be dispersed in those solvents suitable for printing. The printing process was performed in ambient air and at room temperature, and the SWNT ink was dispense using a nozzle with an orifice diameter of 60μm over pre-patterned source and drain electrodes. The devices exhibit ambipolarity, with a slight prevalence of the n-type behavior. For both electron and hole accumulations, at VDS = ± 5V (linear regime) 10 6 on-off ratios can be observed, with mobilities (μlin) around 0,3 cm2V -1s-1 for both carrier types. In saturation regime (VDS = ± 60 V) mobility values (μsat) up to 0.8 cm2V-1s-1 for electrons and 0.65 cm2V-1s-1 for holes are reached. The study also highlights the effects of different solvents on the carbon nanotube network formation and transistor performances with best results with those solvents that tend to form polymer pre-aggregates in the printed solution.A groundwater, used as drinking water, has been creating several problems in different countries around the World. The present existing reports of diverse countries showed arsenic concentrations in drinking water is much higher than those proposed by the World Health Organization (10 μg/L). Nanomaterials and nanotechnologies inspire new possible solutions to major environmental issues nowadays. It has been reported that adsorption strategies using nanoparticles turned beneficial as hematite proved to be very efficient for the removal of arsenic in drinking water. However, the adsorption mechanism is not yet clear. In order to shed light on this subject, we attempt to study the interactions between arsenic species and α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles in aqueous medium. The iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared using a solvothermal method. Synthesized hematite nanoparticles were put in contact with As2O3 solutions at room temperature and at pH 4 and 7. The nanoparticles were characterized by FTIR, XRD, UV-vis, XRF and XPS. The results showed that synthesized nanoparticles had an average diameter of crystallite of 30 nm and from XRD pattern also was confirmed a rhombohedra hexagonal closepacked phase for the powders obtained (α-Fe2O3). From optical studies was evidenced that hematite nanoparticle obtained, have semiconductor properties due to band gap value, in this case 2.2 eV. The presence of arsenic on particles surface was confirmed, which is more remarkable when pH=7 condition is employed. On the other hand, after adsorption experiment, it was evident from FTIR and XPS that once arsenic species interact with the nanoparticles, they form mono and bi-dentate surface complexes. The developed methodology could be implemented in the water treatment industries, reducing the costs of the processes and making them more environmental friendly.N natural fibers form an interesting alternative for the most widely applied fiber in the composite technology. Natural biodegradable polymers are called biopolymers. There are two main renewable sources of biopolymers, i.e. (i) starch, polysaccharides and cellulose and (ii) proteins. To improve the mechanical properties of such polymers or to enrich their degradation rate, natural polymers are modified using chemicals. The use of hemp fibers as reinforcement in composite materials has increased in recent years as a response to the increasing demand for developing biodegradable, sustainable, and recyclable materials. Hemp fibers are found in the stem of the plant which makes them strong and stiff, a primary requirement for the reinforcement of composite materials. In the present work, Hemp composites are developed under chemical treatment (Alkaline, Acrylonitrile and Benzoylation treatments) and their mechanical properties are evaluated. Mechanical properties of Hemp/polymer are compared with glass fiber/epoxy. These results indicate that Hemp can be used as a possible reinforcing material for creating low load bearing thermoplastic composites.A series of semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) hydrogel based on poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) were prepared by emulsion polymerization. There were 5 samples composed of different amount of initiators and catalysts for emulsion polymerization. The changes of particle sizes of each hydrogel were monitored at temperatures 30oC, 35oC 40oC and 45oC respectively. The optimal hydrogel was coated onto cotton fabrics and then the coated fabrics were investigated by swelling experiment, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The thermo-behavior of the semi-IPN hydrogel is observed. Experimental data indicates the amount of initiators and catalysts added is an influential factor for the formation of optimal hydrogels while the concentration of hydrogel is not. The coated fabric is able to change the swelling ratio by 10.1% at the Lower Critical Solution Temperature (~35oC), which means the fabric is sensitive to the change of temperature. SEM results indicate that the semi-IPN hydrogel affects the surface appearance of the cotton fabric. Further confirmation of chemical structure is completed by FTIR spectroscopy.

Structural and optical investigation of Te-based chalcogenide thin films

We report the structural and optical properties of thermally evaporated Bi2Te3, In2Te3 and InBiTe3 films by using X-ray diffraction, optical and Raman Spectroscopy techniques. The as-prepared thin films were found to be Semi-crystalline by X-ray diffraction. Particle Size and Strain has been calculated from XRD data. The optical constants, film thickness, refractive index and optical band gap (Eg) has been reported for In2Te3, InBiTe3 films. Raman Spectroscopy was performed to investigate the effect of Bi, In, on lattice vibration and chemical bonding in Te based chalcogenide glassy alloys.

Structural investigation of Bi doped InSe chalcogenide thin films using Raman spectroscopy

The infrared transparency of the chalcogenide glasses have been investigated presently for the CO/CO2 laser power in various medical diagnostic applications. The addition of Bi improves the chemical durability and broadens the IR transparency region of various chalcogenide glassy systems. In the present work, we have studied the effect of Bi addition on the structural properties of In-Se thin films by using the RAMAN spectroscopy. The melt quenched bulk ingot of BixIn25-xSe75 (1≤ x≤ 7) alloys were used for the vacuum thermal evaporation of films in a vacuum better than 10−5 mbar. RAMAN bands at 1575, 1354 and 525 cm−1 has been observed, while with the increase in the Bi concentration vibrational band disappear at 525 cm−1 in sample x=7.

Structural analysis of quaternary Se85−xSb10In5Agx bulk glassy alloys

The physical properties of chalcogenide semiconductor have attracted much attention recently due to their applications in optical recording media and inorganic resist due to photo induced structural transformations observed in these materials. The bulk samples of Se85-xSb10In5Agx system are prepared by melt-quenching technique. X-ray diffraction technique and RAMAN spectroscopy have been used to study the role of Ag additive on the amorphous/crystalline nature and molecular structure of Se85Sb10In5 glassy alloys. The phases Sb2Se3, In-Sb and In2Se3 has been observed by X-ray diffraction. The formation of AgInSe2 phase along with the enhancement in intensity has been observed with the Ag addition.Three bands observed by raman spectroscopy for Se85Sb10In5 are at 70 cm-1, 212cm-1 and 252cm-1. The formation of small bands up to wavenumber 188cm-1 and shifting in second band along with the increase in intensity up to sample x=5 has been observed with the Ag addition. The enhancement in intensity in third band ...

Compositional dependence of physical properties in Se-Sb-In glassy system

The growing interest in the investigation of the properties of chalcogenide glasses stems from their potential application as phase change recording media and photoconductive elements in solid state devices.In the present work, the different theoretical parameters viz. coordination number, constraints, number of lone pair electrons, bond energy, heat of atomization, mean bond energy and glass transition temperature for Se75-xSb25Inx (x= 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11) chalcogenide system have been calculated and their composition variation has been discussed. It has been found that average heat of atomization increases with In content. The glass transition temperature and mean bond energy increases with In. An attempt has been made to explain the varying trend of various parameters with increasing In content.