M. Paul Serve

Estimation of Nematic-Isotropic Points of Nematic Liquid Crystals

Abstract A survey has been made of reported nematic-isotropic points of nematic liqid crytals having the following structure: where X and Z are: R-, Ro-, RCO2-, ROCO2-, RCO-,ROCO-; R is n-alkyl varying form C1 to C6; andy is: The variation of the nematic-isotropic points with structure is sufficiently regular to permit the generation of sets of parameters for X, Y and Z that can be used to make resonable predictons of the namatic-isotropic points for all combinationf of X, Y and Z.

The metabolism of n-octane in Fischer 344 rats

The urinary metabolites of n-octane in Fischer 344 rats given the hydrocarbon by gavage included 2-octanol, 3-octanol, 5-oxohexanoic acid, and 6-oxoheptanoic acid. The sex of the animals influenced the relative amounts of metabolites formed. Analyses were performed by gas-liquid chromatography (GC) and gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). This is the first reported finding of keto acids in hydrocarbon oxidative metabolism. No kidney damage was found as a result of n-octane dosing although the 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (iso-octane) isomer does cause kidney lesions in male rats.

The metabolism of n-nonane in male Fischer 344 rats

The urinary metabolites of n-nonane in male Fischer 344 rats, after administering the hydrocarbon by gavage, included gamma-valerolactone, delta-hexanolactone, 2,5-hexanedione, delta-heptanolactone, 1-heptanol, 2-nonanol, 3-nonanol, 4-nonanol, 4-nonanone and 5-methyl-2-(3-oxobutyl)furan. Metabolism strongly favored the formation of monoalcohols and lactones, which are the products of appropriately substituted hydroxy carboxylic acids. The metabolites were identified using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) permitted the detection of the dicarboxylic acids malonic acid and glutaric acid in the n-nonane dosed rat urines.

The metabolism of 2, 5-dimethylhexane in male Fischer 344 rats

Abstract The urinary metabolites of 2,5-dimethylhexane (2,5-DMH) in male Fischer 344 rats, administered the hydrocarbon by gavage, included 2,5-dimethyl-1-hexanoic acid, 2,5-dimethyl-1,2-hexanediol, 2,5-dimethyl-1,5-hexanediol, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol and 2,5-dimethyl-5-hydroxy-1-hexanoic acid. Metabolism favored the formation of the diols. The metabolites were identified using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Histopathologic examination revealed moderate hyaline droplet formation in the renal proximal tubule.

The metabolism of 2,3,4-trimethylpentane in male fischer-344 rats

The urinary metabolites of the potent nephrotoxic hydrocarbon 2,3,4-trimethylpentane (2,3,4-TMP) given Fischer-344 male rats by gavage included 1-hydroxy-2,3,4-trimethylpentane, 2,3,4-trimethyl-1-pentanoic acid and 2,3,4-trimethyl-5-hydroxy-1-pentanoic acid. Analyses were performed by gas-liquid chromatography (GC) and gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A comparison of the urinary metabolites of 2,3,4-TMP with those of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (2,2,4-TMP) showed that more monocarboxylic acid was produced with 2,3,4-TMP.

The metabolism of 2-methylheptane in male Fischer 344 rats

Abstract The urinary metabolites of 2-methylheptane (2-MH) in male Fischer 344 rats, administered the hydrocarbon by gavage, included 2-methyl-1,2-heptanediol, 2-methyl-1,5-heptanediol, 2-methyl-2,5-heptanediol, 2-methylheptanoic acid and 2-methyl-5-hydroxy-1-heptanoic acid. Metabolism strongly favored the formation of diols. The metabolites were identified using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Histopathologic examination of the kidneys revealed minimal hyaline droplet formation (α2u-globulin nephropathy) in the proximal tubule area.

The Phase Transfer Catalyzed Alkylation of 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole. I. Scope

Abstract Phase transfer catalyzed alkylation of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole employing a series of alkyl halides was carried out in dichloromethane/water using tetrabutylammonium chloride as the catalyst. Several new 1-alkoxybenzotriazoles were prepared and included the alkyl and benzyl derivatives.