M. Rabiul Islam

Influence of Mercerization Along with Ultraviolet (UV) and Gamma Radiation on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Jute Yarn by Grafting with 3‐(Trimethoxysilyl) Propylmethacrylate (Silane) and Acrylamide Under UV Radiation

Abstract Jute yarns were pretreated by alkali (5% NaOH) and were grafted with two types of monomer such as 3‐(trimethoxysilyl)‐propylmethacrylate (silane) and acrylamide (AA) under ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The monomer concentrations were 30% in Methanol (MeOH) and irradiation times were 30 min and 60 min for silane and AA, respectively. The alkali‐treated silane‐grafted jute yarn produced enhanced tensile strength (TS) (265%), elongation at break (Eb) (350%) with 27% polymer loading (PL) and alkali‐treated AA‐grafted jute yarn produced enhanced TS (210%), Eb (270%) with 23% PL than that of virgin fiber. Again, the surface of jute yarns were pretreated by alkali along with UV and gamma radiation with different intensities and grafted with silane and acrylamide to further improve the tensile properties of the jute yarn. The jute yarns were pretreated with alkali and UV radiation and grafted with silane showed the best properties such as TS (360%), EB (380%) and 31% PL. Simulated weathering test and water uptake of untreated and treated jute yarns were studied. The alkali + UV‐pretreated silanized jute yarn showed lesser water uptake as well as less weight loss and mechanical properties as compared with treated samples.

Improvement of physico-mechanical properties of jute yarn by photografting with 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propylmethacrylate

Jute yarns were treated with an alkoxy silane monomer 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propylmethacrylate under UV radiation. The monomer concentration and radiation intensity were optimized with respect to the extent of grafting and mechanical properties of the grafted (silanized) jute yarn. The enhanced tensile strength by 159%, elongation-at-break (237%) and polymer grafting (26.2%) were observed when the yarn was treated at 30 wt% silane in methanol under UV radiation for 30 min. The surfaces of both treated and untreated jute yarns were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) and it was concluded that the silane reacted or deposited on jute surface as a result of UV radiation. Water uptake and degradation properties of untreated and silanized jute yarn were studied in various conditions such as simulated weathering and in soil containing 25% water. The silanized jute yarn showed lesser water uptake as well as less weight loss and mechanical properties as compared to virgin samples.

Influence of Additives on the Performance of Photografted Jute Yarn with 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propylmethacrylate

Abstract 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propylmethacrylate (silane) solutions of different concentrations in methanol (MeOH) along with the photoinitiator Irgacure 907 were grafted onto jute yarn. Jute yarn grafted with 30% silane under UV radiation for 30 min showed the highest polymer loading (PL) value, 26.2%, with enhanced tensile strength (TS) (259%) and elongation-at-break (Eb) (337%) as compared to untreated yarn. The silanized and virgin jute yarns were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. To attain better performance of jute yarn, the additives (1%) urea, polyvinylpyrrolidone, urethane acrylate, and urethane diacrylate (UDAc) were used in 30% silane. Of the additives used, urea significantly influenced the PL (29%), TS (300%), and Eb (360%) values of the treated jute yarns. Water uptake and the degradation studies were also performed.

Surface Modification of Cellulose by Radiation Pretreatments with Organo-Silicone Monomer

Abstract: Cellulose (Whatman 41 filter paper) was grafted under in situ UV radiation with organosilicone monomer 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-propylmethacrylate (silane) at optimized system (30% silane and 30-min irradiation) and obtained enhanced mechanical properties like tensile strength factor (TS = 140%) and elongation at break (Eb = 200%) with 25% polymer loading. To improve the mechanical properties, cellulose was pretreated under UV and gamma radiation at different radiation intensities and was grafted with 30% silane under in situ UV radiation. Although the gamma pretreated grafted sample shows higher polymer loading (PL = 31%), the UV-pretreated grafted sample shows better enhancement of mechanical properties (PL = 33%, TS = 250%, and Eb = 274%). For further improvement, cellulose was pretreated by alkali (5% NaOH) along with UV and gamma radiation with different intensities and grafted with silane under UV radiation. Among the treatments, the alkali + UV-irradiated grafted sample showed the best performance (TS = 260% and Eb = 280%) with 37% polymer loading at 10th UV pass. Water uptake of treated and untreated samples was studied and less water uptake was observed by the treated samples, which corroborates the finding that silane might be deposited or reacted on cellulose backbone of pure cellulose.

Studies on the Effect of Hydroxy Benzene Diazonium Salts on Physico-Mechanical Properties of Jute Fiber

ABSTRACT Jute fiber was treated with three different hydroxy benzene diazonium salts in acidic and basic media. The formation of coupling with lignin in the polymer system was observed by the infrared spectra and nitrogen content estimation. The physico-mechanical properties, viz., tensile strength, tenacity, elongation at break, moisture regain, shrinkage, and loss in weight of jute fiber were studied. The tensile strength, tenacity, and moisture regain properties of the treated fiber were found lower in comparison to those of raw (control) fiber. However, higher tensile strength and tenacity of the fiber treated with ortho hydroxy benzene diazonium salts in comparison to fiber treated with meta hydroxy benzene diazonium salts were observed. The tensile strength and tenacity of the fiber treated with meta hydroxy benzene diazonium salts were higher than those of the fiber treated with para hydroxy benzene diazonium salts. The elongation at break of the treated fiber is found greater than that of the raw fiber. The fiber treated in basic media shows higher tensile strength than that treated in acidic media. The formation of metallated azo complex compound on jute fiber was observed by infrared spectra. The nature of the shades developed on jute fiber was also reported.

A study on mechanical, thermal and environmental degradation characteristics of N,N-dimethylaniline treated jute fabric-reinforced polypropylene composites

The mechanical and thermal behavior of compression molded jute/polypropylene (PP) composites were studied by evaluating tensile strength (TS), bending strength (BS), tensile modulus (TM), bending modulus (BM), impact strength (IS), thermogravimetric (TG/DTG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). A chemical modification was made to jute fabrics using N,N-Dimethylaniline (DMA) in order to improve the interfacial adhesion between the fabrics and matrix. It was found that jute fabrics on treatment with N,N-Dimethylaniline (DMA) significantly improved the mechanical properties of the composites. Thermal analytical data of PP, both treated and untreated jute fabrics as well as composites revealed that DMA treatment increased the thermal stability of the fabrics and composite. DMA treatment also reduced the hydrophilic nature of the composite. DMA treated jute composite was found less degradable than control composite under water, soil and simulated weathering conditions.

Jute fiber reinforced polypropylene composite: effect of chemical treatment by benzenediazonium salt in neutral medium

Jute fiber was treated with o-, m-, and p-hydroxybenzenediazonium salts in neutral media. These modified and raw jute fibers were used to prepare jute-polypropylene (PP) composite containing 20, 25, 30, and 35% by weight fraction. Mechanical properties of composites were studied. It was found that the increase in fiber content reduces the mechanical properties of jute-PP composite. However, treated jute fiber imparts better mechanical properties to jute-PP composite than the raw jute fiber. o-Hydroxybenzenediazonium salt (o-HBDS) treated jute-PP composites are found to be the best composite from the point of view of mechanical properties.Jute fiber was treated with o-, m-, and p-hydroxybenzenediazonium salts in neutral media. These modified and raw jute fibers were used to prepare jute-polypropylene (PP) composite containing 20, 25, 30, and 35% by weight fraction. Mechanical properties of composites were studied. It was found that the increase in fiber content reduces the mechanical properties of jute-PP composite. However, treated jute fiber imparts better mechanical properties to jute-PP composite than the raw jute fiber. o-Hydroxybenzenediazonium salt (o-HBDS) treated jute-PP composites are found to be the best composite from the point of view of mechanical properties.

Studies on Metal Complex of Various Substituted Benzenediazonium Salts Treated Jute Fiber

ABSTRACT Jute fiber was treated with various substituted benzene diazonium salts in the presence of various metal salts (CuSO4, NiSO4, K2Cr2O7, and KMnO4). It was found that metal ions were incorporated into the jute fiber along with the benzenediazonium salts. The quantity of metal (Cu, Ni, Cr, and Mn) in raw and treated jute fiber was determined using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS). The concentration levels of the elements Cu, Ni, Cr, and Mn in the raw fiber were found below the detection limit. However, the concentration of these metals in treated jute fiber was found much higher than the detection limit and are in the following order: The physico-mechanical properties of the raw and treated jute fiber was determined. It was found that the metal ions in the presence of o-hydroxy benzenediazonium salts imparts higher tensile strength to the jute fiber than the metal ions in the presence of p- and m- hydroxy benzenediazonium salts.