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Dive into the research topics where M. S. Madhav is active.

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Featured researches published by M. S. Madhav.


Frontiers in Physiology | 2016

Silencing of CYP6 and APN Genes Affects the Growth and Development of Rice Yellow Stem Borer, Scirpophaga incertulas

Vijaya Sudhakara Rao Kola; P. Renuka; Ayyagari Phani Padmakumari; Satendra K. Mangrauthia; S. M. Balachandran; V. Ravindra Babu; M. S. Madhav

RNAi is a powerful tool to target the insect genes involved in host-pest interactions. Key insect genes are the choice for silencing to achieve pest derived resistance where resistance genes are not available in gene pool of host plant. In this study, an attempt was made to determine the effect of dsRNA designed from two genes Cytochrome P450 derivative (CYP6) and Aminopeptidase N (APN) of rice yellow stem borer (YSB) on growth and development of insect. The bioassays involved injection of chemically synthesized 5′ FAM labeled 21-nt dsRNA into rice cut stems and allowing the larvae to feed on these stems which resulted in increased mortality and observed growth and development changes in larval length and weight compared with its untreated control at 12–15 days after treatment. These results were further supported by observing the reduction in transcripts expression of these genes in treated larvae. Fluorescence detection in treated larvae also proved that dsRNA was readily taken by larvae when fed on dsRNA treated stems. These results from the present study clearly show that YSB larvae fed on dsRNA designed from Cytochrome P450 and Aminopeptidase N has detrimental effect on larval growth and development. These genes can be deployed to develop YSB resistance in rice using RNAi approach.


Frontiers in Plant Science | 2016

Development of Gene-Pyramid Lines of the Elite Restorer Line, RPHR-1005 Possessing Durable Bacterial Blight and Blast Resistance

V. Abhilash Kumar; C. H. Balachiranjeevi; S. Bhaskar Naik; R. Rambabu; G. Rekha; G. Harika; S. K. Hajira; K. Pranathi; M. Anila; M. Kousik; S. Vijay Kumar; A. Yugander; J. Aruna; T. Dilip Kumar; K. Vijaya Sudhakara Rao; A. S. Hari Prasad; M. S. Madhav; G. S. Laha; S. M. Balachandran; M. S. Prasad; B. C. Viraktamath; V. Ravindra Babu; R. M. Sundaram

RPHR-1005, the stable restorer line of the popular medium slender (MS) grain type rice hybrid, DRRH-3 was improved in this study for resistance against bacterial blight (BB) and blast diseases through marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB). In this study, four major resistance genes (i.e., Xa21 and Xa33 for BB resistance and Pi2 and Pi54 for blast resistance) have been transferred to RPHR-1005 using RPBio Patho-1 (possessing Xa21 + Pi2), RPBio Patho-2 (possessing Xa21 + Pi54) and FBR1-15EM (possessing Xa33) as the donors. Foreground selection was carried out using PCR-based molecular markers specific for the target resistance genes and the major fertility restorer genes, Rf3 and Rf4, while background selection was carried out using a set of parental polymorphic rice SSR markers and backcrossing was continued uptoBC2 generation. At BC2F2, plants possessing the gene combination- Xa21 + Pi2, Xa21 + Pi54 and Xa33 in homozygous condition and with >92% recovery of the recurrent parent genome (RPG) were identified and intercrossed to combine all the four resistance genes. Twenty-two homozygous, pyramid lines of RPHR-1005 comprising of three single-gene containing lines, six 2-gene containing lines, eight 3-gene containing lines, and five 4-gene containing lines were identified among the double intercross lines at F3 generation (DICF3). They were then evaluated for their resistance against BB and blast, fertility restoration ability and for key agro-morphological traits. While single gene containing lines were resistant to either BB or blast, the 2-gene, 3-gene, and 4-gene pyramid lines showed good level of resistance against both and/or either of the two diseases. Most of the 2-gene, 3-gene, and 4-gene containing pyramid lines showed yield levels and other key agro-morphological and grain quality traits comparable to the original recurrent parent and showed complete fertility restoration ability, with a few showing higher yield as compared to RPHR-1005. Further, the experimental hybrids derived by crossing the gene-pyramid lines of RPHR-1005 with APMS6A (the female parent of DRRH-3), showed heterosis levels equivalent to or higher than DRRH-3. The results of present study exemplify the utility of MABB for targeted improvement of multiple traits in hybrid rice.


Archive | 2013

Phenotyping Rice for Molecular Plant Breeding

M. S. Madhav; G. S. Laha; Ayyagari Phani Padmakumari; N. Somasekhar; Satendra K. Mangrauthia; B. C. Viraktamath

Rice is an important food crop, has the plasticity in growing in different ecologies in many countries around the world, which makes this crop to expose to many diseases and pests. The recent development in the genomics has led to the intensive efforts in molecular breeding for improvements of some of the qualitative traits. To make the successful molecular breeding programme, accurate phenotyping techniques need to be coupled with high-throughput genotyping. The chapter discusses the various phenotypic methods available for different diseases, pests and abiotic stress like drought.


Journal of Genetics | 2016

Marker-assisted improvement of the elite restorer line of rice, RPHR-1005 for resistance against bacterial blight and blast diseases

V. Abhilash Kumar; C. H. Balachiranjeevi; S. Bhaskar Naik; R. Rambabu; G. Rekha; G. Harika; S. K. Hajira; K. Pranathi; S. Vijay; M. Anila; H. K. Mahadevaswamy; M. Kousik; A. Yugander; J. Aruna; A. S. Hari Prasad; M. S. Madhav; G. S. Laha; S. M. Balachandran; M. S. Prasad; V. Ravindra Babu; R. M. Sundaram

This study was carried out to improve the RPHR-1005, a stable restorer line of the popular medium slender grain type rice hybrid, DRRH-3 for bacterial blight (BB) and blast resistance through marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB). Two major BB resistance genes, Xa21 and Xa33 and a major blast resistance gene, Pi2 were transferred to RPHR-1005 as two individual crosses. Foreground selection for Xa21, Xa33, Pi2, Rf3 and Rf4 was done by using gene-specific functional markers, while 59 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers polymorphic between the donors and recipient parents were used to select the best plant possessing target resistance genes at each backcross generation. Backcrossing was continued till BC 2F2 and a promising homozygous backcross derived line possessing Xa21 + Pi2 and another possessing Xa33 were intercrossed to stack the target resistance genes into the genetic background of RPHR-1005. At ICF 4, 10 promising lines possessing three resistance genes in homozygous condition along with fine-grain type, complete fertility restoration, better panicle exertion and taller plant type (compared to RPHR-1005) were identified.


PLOS ONE | 2018

Incorporation of the novel bacterial blight resistance gene Xa38 into the genetic background of elite rice variety Improved Samba Mahsuri

A. Yugander; R. M. Sundaram; Kuldeep Singh; Duraisamy Ladhalakshmi; Lella V. Subba Rao; M. S. Madhav; Jyothi Badri; Madamsetty Srinivas Prasad; G. S. Laha

Bacterial blight (BB) in rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a major global production constraint, particularly in irrigated and rain-fed lowland areas. Improved Samba Mahsuri (ISM) is an elite, high-yielding, fine-grain type, BB-resistant rice variety possessing three BB-resistant genes (Xa21, xa13 and xa5) and is highly popular in the southern parts of India. As the BB pathogen is highly dynamic and the evolution of pathogen virulence against the deployed resistance genes is common, we added a novel BB-resistant gene, Xa38, into ISM through marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB) to increase the spectrum and durability of BB resistance. The breeding line PR 114 (Xa38) was used as the donor for Xa38, whereas ISM was used as the recurrent parent. Foreground selection was conducted using PCR-based gene-specific markers for the target genes, whereas background selection was conducted using a set of polymorphic SSR markers between the parents and backcrossing that continued until the third generation. Eighteen homozygous BC3F2 plants possessing all four BB-resistant genes in the homozygous state and with a recurrent parent genome (RPG) recovery of more than 92% were identified and advanced to the BC3F6 generation. These 18 backcross-derived lines (BDLs) exhibited very high level of resistance against multiple Xoo strains and displayed agro-morphological traits, grain qualities and yield levels similar to or better than those of the recurrent parent ISM.


Molecular Breeding | 2017

Marker-assisted pyramiding of bacterial blight and gall midge resistance genes into RPHR-1005, the restorer line of the popular rice hybrid DRRH-3

V. Abhilash Kumar; C. H. Balachiranjeevi; S. Bhaskar Naik; G. Rekha; R. Rambabu; G. Harika; K. Pranathi; S. K. Hajira; M. Anila; M. Kousik; Ravindra Sonajirao Kale; T. Dilip Kumar; M. S. Prasad; A. S. Hari Prasad; Ayyagari Phani Padmakumari; G. S. Laha; S. M. Balachandran; M. S. Madhav; P. Senguttuvel; K. B. Kemparajau; A. R. Fiyaz; J. S. Bentur; B. C. Viraktamath; V. Ravindra Babu; R. M. Sundaram

Bacterial blight (BB) of rice caused by the pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and the insect gall midge (GM) (Orseolia oryzae) are two major constraints of rice production. The present study was carried out to improve RPHR-1005, a stable restorer line of the fine-grain-type rice hybrid DRRH-3, for BB and GM resistance through marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB). Two major GM resistance genes, Gm4 and Gm8, and a major BB resistance gene, Xa21, were selected as target genes for transfer to RPHR-1005. Two sets of backcrosses were carried out to combine either Xa21 + Gm4 or Xa21+ Gm8 into RPHR-1005 using breeding lines in the genetic background of ISM possessing either Gm4 or Gm8 along with Xa21. Foreground selection was performed for Xa21, Gm4, Gm8, and the major fertility restorer genes Rf3 and Rf4 using gene-specific markers, while 61 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used for background selection and marker-assisted backcrossing was continued until BC2 generation. A promising homozygous backcross-derived plant at the BC2F2 generation possessing Xa21 + Gm4, and another possessing Xa21 + Gm8, were intercrossed to stack the target resistance genes. At ICF4 (inter-crossed F4) , three promising lines possessing the three target resistance genes in a homozygous condition along with fine-grain type, complete fertility restoration, and better panicle exsertion than RPHR-1005 have been identified. Among these, a single line, # RPIC-16-65-125, showed better yield, was highly resistant to BB and GM, was of medium–slender grain type, and had complete fertility restoration along with better panicle exsertion and taller plant type than RPHR-1005. This is the first report of combining resistance against BB and GM in the genetic background of a hybrid rice parental line.


Molecular Breeding | 2018

Improved versions of rice maintainer line, APMS 6B, possessing two resistance genes, Xa21 and Xa38, exhibit high level of resistance to bacterial blight disease

A. Yugander; R. M. Sundaram; Kuldeep Singh; Ponnuvel Senguttuvel; Duraisamy Ladhalakshmi; Kaliyur B. Kemparaju; M. S. Madhav; Madamsetty Srinivas Prasad; Arremsetty S. Hariprasad; G. S. Laha

APMS 6B is the stable maintainer of the CMS line APMS 6A, which is the female parent of the popular Indian rice hybrid DRRH 3. APMS 6B has good combining ability and plant stature but is highly susceptible to bacterial blight (BB) disease. In order to improve the BB resistance of APMS 6B, we pyramided two major, dominant BB resistance genes, Xa21 and Xa38, through marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB). Improved Samba Mahsuri (ISM) was used as the donor for Xa21 while PR 114 (Xa38) served as the donor for Xa38. Individual crosses [APMS 6B/ISM and APMS 6B/PR 114 (Xa38)] were performed, and true F1 plants were then backcrossed with APMS 6B and the MABB process was continued till BC3. A single positive BC3F1 plant identified from both the crosses with maximum genotypic and phenotypic similarity with APMS 6B was selfed to generate BC3F2s. At BC3F2 generation, plants homozygous for either Xa21 or Xa38 were identified and further confirmed for the absence of two major fertility restorer genes, Rf3 and Rf4. A single such homozygous BC3F2 plant, each from both the crosses, was then inter-mated to generate ICF1s (inter-cross F1s). Selected ICF1 plants possessing both the BB resistance genes were selfed to generate ICF2s. A total of 42 ICF2 plants homozygous for both Xa21 and Xa38 were identified and screened with parental polymorphic SSR markers to identify the best F2 plants having the maximum recurrent parent genome recovery. Twelve best ICF2 plants were advanced up to ICF5. The ICF5 lines displayed very high level of BB resistance and were similar to APMS 6B in terms of agro-morphological characters. Further, most of these lines also showed complete maintenance ability and such lines are being advanced for conversion to WA-CMS lines.


G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics | 2017

RNA-seq of Rice Yellow Stem Borer Scirpophaga incertulas Reveals Molecular Insights During Four Larval Developmental Stages

Pichili Renuka; M. S. Madhav; Ayyagari Phani Padmakumari; Kalyani M. Barbadikar; Satendra K. Mangrauthia; Kola Vijaya Sudhakara Rao; Soma S. Marla; Vemuri Ravindra Babu

The yellow stem borer (YSB), Scirpophaga incertulas, is a prominent pest in rice cultivation causing serious yield losses. The larval stage is an important stage in YSB, responsible for maximum infestation. However, limited knowledge exists on the biology and mechanisms underlying the growth and differentiation of YSB. To understand and identify the genes involved in YSB development and infestation, so as to design pest control strategies, we performed de novo transcriptome analysis at the first, third, fifth, and seventh larval developmental stages employing Illumina Hi-seq. High-quality reads (HQR) of ∼229 Mb were assembled into 24,775 transcripts with an average size of 1485 bp. Genes associated with various metabolic processes, i.e., detoxification mechanism [CYP450, GSTs, and carboxylesterases (CarEs)], RNA interference (RNAi) machinery (Dcr-1, Dcr-2, Ago-1, Ago-2, Sid-1, Sid-2, Sid-3, and Sid-1-related gene), chemoreception (CSPs, GRs, OBPs, and ORs), and regulators [transcription factors (TFs) and hormones] were differentially regulated during the developmental stages. Identification of stage-specific transcripts made it possible to determine the essential processes of larval development. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that YSB has not evolved much with respect to the detoxification mechanism, but showed the presence of distinct RNAi machinery. The presence of strong specific visual recognition coupled with chemosensory mechanisms supports the monophagous nature of YSB. Designed expressed sequenced tags-simple-sequence repeats (EST-SSRs) will facilitate accurate estimation of the genetic diversity of YSB. This is the first report on characterization of the YSB transcriptome and the identification of genes involved in key processes, which will help researchers and industry to devise novel pest control strategies. This study also opens up a new avenue to develop next-generation resistant rice using RNAi or genome editing approaches.


Frontiers in Plant Science | 2017

Diverse Rice Landraces of North-East India Enables the Identification of Novel Genetic Resources for Magnaporthe Resistance

Bangale Umakanth; Balija Vishalakshi; P. Sathish Kumar; S.J.S. Rama Devi; Vijay Pal Bhadana; P. Senguttuvel; Sudhir Kumar; Susheel Kumar Sharma; Pawan Kumar Sharma; Milan Prasad; M. S. Madhav

North-East (NE) India, the probable origin of rice has diverse genetic resources. Many rice landraces of NE India were not yet characterized for blast resistance. A set of 232 landraces of NE India, were screened for field resistance at two different hotspots of rice blast, viz., IIRR-UBN, Hyderabad and ICAR-NEH, Manipur in two consecutive seasons. The phenotypic evaluation as well as gene profiling for 12 major blast resistance genes (Pitp, Pi33, Pi54, Pib, Pi20, Pi38, Pita2, Pi1, Piz, Pi9, Pizt, and Pi40) with linked as well as gene-specific markers, identified 84 resistant landraces possessing different gene(s) either in singly or in combinations and also identified seven resistant landraces which do not have the tested genes, indicating the valuable genetic resources for blast resistance. To understand the molecular diversity existing in the population, distance and model based analysis were performed using 120 SSR markers. Results of both analyses are highly correlated by forming two distinct subgroups and the existence of high diversity (24.9% among the subgroups; 75.1% among individuals of each subgroup) was observed. To practically utilize the diversity in the breeding program, a robust core set having an efficiency index of 0.82 which consists of 33 landraces were identified through data of molecular, blast phenotyping, and important agro-morphological traits. The association of eight novel SSR markers for important agronomic traits which includes leaf and neck blast resistance was determined using genome-wide association analysis. The current study focuses on identifying novel resources having field resistance to blast as well as markers which can be explored in rice improvement programs. It also entails the development of a core set which can aid in representing the entire diversity for efficiently harnessing its properties to broaden the gene pool of rice.


Gene | 2014

Nucleotide diversity of Pita, a major blast resistance gene and identification of its minimal promoter.

G. Ramkumar; M. S. Madhav; S.J.S. Rama Devi; P. Manimaran; K.M. Mohan; M.S. Prasad; S.M. Balachandran; C.N. Neeraja; R.M. Sundaram; B.C. Viraktamath

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G. S. Laha

Indian Council of Agricultural Research

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R. M. Sundaram

Indian Council of Agricultural Research

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A. Yugander

Indian Council of Agricultural Research

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Ayyagari Phani Padmakumari

Indian Council of Agricultural Research

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P. Senguttuvel

Indian Council of Agricultural Research

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S. M. Balachandran

Indian Council of Agricultural Research

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V. Ravindra Babu

Indian Council of Agricultural Research

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A. S. Hari Prasad

Indian Council of Agricultural Research

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B. C. Viraktamath

Indian Council of Agricultural Research

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C. H. Balachiranjeevi

Indian Council of Agricultural Research

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