M. Sundrarajan

Antibacterial effect of novel synthesized sulfated β-cyclodextrin crosslinked cotton fabric and its improved antibacterial activities with ZnO, TiO2 and Ag nanoparticles coating

Sulfated β-cyclodextrin was synthesized from sulfonation of β-cyclodextrin and sulfated polymer was crosslinked with cotton fabric using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as crosslinker. ZnO, TiO(2) and Ag nanoparticles were prepared and characterized by XRD, UV, DLS, SEM and PSA. The prepared nanoparticles were coated on crosslinked cotton fabric. The crosslinking and nanoparticles coating effects of cotton fabrics were studied by FTIR and SEM analysis. The antibacterial test was done against gram positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram negative Escherichia coli bacterium.

Green biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using Vitex negundo L. extract: Spectroscopic investigation of interaction between ZnO nanoparticles and human serum albumin.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles are widely used as an important kind of biomaterials. The biocompatibility of nanoparticles is important for specific biomedical applications. In this present investigation, ZnO NPs were synthesized via greener method using Vitex negundo L. extract and characterized by XRD, UV-DRS and DLS analysis. The UV-visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic studies were performed to investigate the binding interaction between HSA and ZnO NPs. The Stern-Volmer constants (KSV), quenching rate constants (kq), number of binding sites and binding constants were calculated from relevant fluorescence quenching data. Moreverer circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy used to study the conformational changes of protein in the presence of ZnO NPs.

Antibacterial behaviour of Vitex negundo extract assisted ZnO nanoparticles against pathogenic bacteria

The biological routes are advantageous over the chemical and physical ones as unlike. These, the biological synthesis protocol occurs at ambient conditions, are cheap, non-toxic and eco-friendly. This research describes the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Vitex negundo plant extract with zinc nitrate hexahydrate as precursor. Biomolecules present in plant extract can be used to hydrolyze metal ions into metal oxide NPs in a single-step green synthesis. The hydrolyzing agents involved the various water soluble plant metabolites such as flavonoid, alkaloids, flavone, phenolic compounds, terpenoids and co-enzymes. Presence of isoorientin (flavone) in V. negundo plant extract is mainly responsible for the formation of ZnO NPs. The prepared ZnO NPs were calcinated at 450°C and were confirmed by XRD, FT-IR, UV-visible, SEM with EDX and DLS analysis. The biological application of antibacterial activity was done by gram positive and gram negative bacteria.

Inclusion of antibacterial agent thymol on β-cyclodextrin-grafted organic cotton

Antibacterial textiles with improved efficacy and durability were produced by incorporation of the monoterpene thymol into β-cyclodextrin-grafted organic cotton. Grafting of β-cyclodextrin on fabric was done with citric acid as crosslinker in the presence of sodium hypophosphite by fixing at 150°C for 10 min. UV-Visible and FTIR spectral studies of β-cyclodextrin, β-cyclodextrin-grafted fabric, ungrafted fabric, thymol, and thymol-loaded fabric confirmed the inclusion of thymol on grafted fabric. Thymol was recovered from ungrafted and grafted fabric by extraction with ethanol and it was quantified by performing high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis and its level was remarkably higher in grafted fabric. Thymol-loaded ungrafted and grafted fabrics were tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by agar diffusion method and inhibition was more pronounced in E. coli. Inclusion of antibacterial agent into grafted fabric showed enhanced inhibition effect with durability after 10 cycles of washing, while it was not retained in ungrafted fabric. Grafting of cyclodextrin on fabric and inclusion of thymol into their cavity produced a durable antibacterial textile.

Antibacterial effects of biosynthesized MgO nanoparticles using ethanolic fruit extract of Emblica officinalis.

Magnesium oxides nanoparticles were successfully synthesized from Mg(NO3)(2)·6H2O through a simple greener route using fruit extract (Emblica officinalis). The synthesized samples were characterized by different techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. The XRD pattern shows the face centered cubic structure with 27 nm of crystalline size of MgO nanoparticles was confirmed by the Debye-Scherrers Formula. The spherical in shape of MgO nanoparticles is confirmed by SEM analysis. MgO nanoparticles treated cotton fabric produced stronger antibacterial activity. These types of treated fabrics are used in medical application.

Biopolishing and cyclodextrin derivative grafting on cellulosic fabric for incorporation of antibacterial agent thymol

Antibacterial textiles were developed and replenished with innovative technologies for durable activity of the antibacterial agent. Inclusion complex formation property of cyclodextrin and their derivatives were utilized for better durability of antibacterial, insect repellent and cosmetic textiles. In this work cellulase treatment process was performed on organic cotton to improve the grafting yield of the cyclodextrin derivative monochlorotriazinyl-β-cyclodextrin (MCT-β-CD). Thymol, an antibacterial compound was incorporated into MCT-β-CD grafted organic cotton to bring enhanced antibacterial property with improved durability. UV–visible and Fourier transform infrared analysis confirmed the incorporation of thymol into cyclodextrin. Scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed the morphological and structural changes occurred on the fabric. High performance liquid chromatographic analysis (HPLC) quantified the thymol content on the fabric. Agar diffusion test was performed on fabrics against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and their durability to washing cycles was also investigated. Biopolishing, a cellulase enzyme treatment has remarkably raised the grafting yield of MCT-β-CD on fabric. The inclusion of thymol on biopolished MCT-β-CD grafted fabric facilitated durability to the antibacterial property of fabric upon repeated washing process.

Obtaining titanium dioxide nanoparticles with spherical shape and antimicrobial properties using M. citrifolia leaves extract by hydrothermal method

In this work, we synthesized titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles using leaf extract of Morinda citrifolia (M. citrifolia) by the advanced hydrothermal method. The synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transmission infrared (FT-IR), Ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance (UV-Vis DRS), Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM with EDX) techniques. The XRD major peak at 27.3° corresponds to the (110) lattice plane of tetragonal rutile TiO2 phase and average crystalline size of nanoparticles is 10nm. The FT-IR result confirmed that TiO2 nanoparticles and the presences of very few amount of anthraquinone and phenolic compounds of the leaf extract. The obtained nanoparticles were also characterized by UV-Vis DRS absorption spectroscopy and an intense band at 423nm clearly reveals the formation of nanoparticles. SEM images with EDX spectra clearly reveal the size of the nanoparticles, between 15 and 19nm in excellent quasi-spherical shape, by virtue of stabilization (capping) agent. The presence of elements-titanium and oxygen was verified with EDX spectrum. Furthermore, the inhibitory activity of green synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles was tested against human pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger by the agar well-diffusion method. The TiO2 nanoparticles exhibited superior antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, demonstrating their antimicrobial value against pathogenic diseases.

Synthesis of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles by Wet Chemical Method and its Antibacterial Activity

Wet chemical method was applied to prepare magnesium oxide nanoparticles using magnesium nitrate and sodium hydroxide as precursors in presence of starch as stabilizing agent. The XRD analysis of MgO nanoparticles showed the average particles size of crystallite as 12nm. SEM images also proved the crystalline nature of MgO nanoparticles. Antibacterial studies were done on gram positive (S. aureus) and gram negative (E.coli) bacteria using the above prepared nanoparticles by agar diffusion method. The zone of inhibition was found to more in S.aureus compared to E.coli. Since this method of preparation produced better yield in simple and cost effective way, it can be applied for large scale preparation of magnesium oxide nanoparticles.

Biocidal activities of monochlorotriazine-β-cyclodextrine with MgO modified cellulosic fabrics

Modification of cellulosic fabric was carried out using the eco-friendly (MCT-β-CD) polymer via pad-dry-cure method. These polymer solutions were cross-linked with cellulose, using citric acid as cross linker. A cost-effective synthesis of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles was prepared by the sol-gel method. The unmodified and modified cellulose fabrics were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and SEM with EDX analysis. The biocidal activities of unmodified and modified cellulose were measured by agar diffusion method for some species of microorganisms, including Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive), Escherichia coli (gram-negative), Candida albicans (gram-positive) and Aspergillus niger (gram-negative), respectively. The modified cellulose has been improved antimicrobial efficiency for kid’s clothes, inner wear, sportswear and medical bandage cloths.

Preparation and Characterization of Nano-size Polyreactive Blue MXR

Nanosize Polyreactive blue MXR dye was synthesized from reactive blue MXR dye in presence of potassium persulfate as catalyst. The formation of polyreactive blue MXR was indicated by colour change from blue to brown. The characterization techniques such as, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray diffractrometry (XRD) were used to characterize the formation of nanosize polyreactive blue MXR. The absence of asymmetric stretching of NH2 group in polymer dye FTIR spectrum confirmed the polymerization of dye was occurring. The average particle size of the polymer dye was found to be 18.11 nm according to Scherer formula.AFM analysis shows the three dimensional structure of polyreactive blue MXR.