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Dive into the research topics where M. Van der Linden is active.

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Featured researches published by M. Van der Linden.


Neuroscience | 2006

Exploration of the neural substrates of executive functioning by functional neuroimaging

Fabienne Collette; Michaël Hogge; Eric Salmon; M. Van der Linden

This review presents neuroimaging studies that have explored the cerebral substrates of executive functioning. These studies have demonstrated that different executive functions not only recruit various frontal areas but also depend upon posterior (mainly parietal) regions. These results are in accordance with the hypothesis that executive functioning relies on a distributed cerebral network that is not restricted to anterior cerebral areas. However, there exists an important heterogeneity in the cerebral areas associated with these different processes, and also between different tasks assessing the same process. Since these discrepant results could be due to the paradigms used (subtraction designs), recent results obtained with conjunction and interaction analyses are presented, which confirm the role of parietal areas in executive functioning and also demonstrate the existence of some specificity in the neural substrates of the executive processes of updating, shifting and inhibition. Finally, functional magnetic resonance imaging studies show that the activity in cerebral areas involved in executive tasks can be transient or sustained. Consequently, to better characterize the functional role of areas associated with executive functioning, it is important to take into account not only the localization of cerebral activity but also the temporal pattern of this activity.


Behaviour Research and Therapy | 2011

Randomised controlled trial of a guided self-help treatment on the Internet for binge eating disorder.

Isabelle Carrard; Crépin C; P. Rouget; Tania Lam; Alain Golay; M. Van der Linden

Binge eating disorder (BED) is a common and under-treated condition with major health implications. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) self-help manuals have proved to be efficient in BED treatment. Increasing evidence also support the use of new technology to improve treatment access and dissemination. This is the first randomised controlled study to evaluate the efficacy of an Internet guided self-help treatment programme, based on CBT, for adults with threshold and subthreshold BED. Seventy-four women were randomised into two groups. The first group received the six-month online programme with a six-month follow-up. The second group was placed in a six-month waiting list before participating in the six-month intervention. Guidance consisted of a regular e-mail contact with a coach during the whole intervention. Binge eating behaviour, drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction and interoceptive awareness significantly improved after the Internet self-help treatment intervention. The number of objective binge episodes, overall eating disorder symptoms score and perceived hunger also decreased. Improvements were maintained at six-month follow-up. Dropouts exhibited more shape concern and a higher drive for thinness. Overall, a transfer of CBT-based self-help techniques to the Internet was well accepted by patients, and showed positive results for eating disorders psychopathology.


Neuropsychologia | 2007

Is Alzheimer's disease a disconnection syndrome? Evidence from a crossmodal audio-visual illusory experiment

Xavier Delbeuck; Fabienne Collette; M. Van der Linden

In Alzheimers disease (AD), loss of connectivity in the patients brain has been evidenced by a range of electrophysiological and neuroimaging studies. However, few neuropsychological research projects have sought to interpret the cognitive modifications following the appearance of AD in terms of a disconnection syndrome. In this paper, we sought to investigate brain connectivity in AD via the study of a crossmodal effect. More precisely, we examined the integration of auditory and visual speech information (the McGurk effect) in AD patients and matched control subjects. Our results revealed impaired crossmodal integration during speech perception in AD, which was not associated with disturbances in the separate processing of auditory and visual speech stimuli. In conclusion, our data suggest the occurrence of a specific, audio-visual integration deficit in AD, which might be the consequence of a connectivity breakdown and corroborate the observation from other studies of crossmodal deficits between the auditory and visual modalities in this population.


Neurology | 2006

Chronic posttraumatic stress symptoms after nonsevere stroke

L. Bruggimann; Jean-Marie Annoni; F. Staub; N. von Steinbüchel; M. Van der Linden; J. Bogousslavsky

Objective: To determine whether posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)–related symptoms were present 1 year after a nonsevere stroke and, if so, to examine the relationship between PSTD, coexisting cognitive variables, and infarct localization Methods: The authors assessed 49 patients using standard measures of memory, trauma experience, neurologic deficit, depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Results: Fifteen (31%) patients had significant PTSD symptoms on the Impact of Event Scale (IES > 30). PTSD-like syndrome was independent of neurologic impairment, peristroke amnesia, long-term memory impairment, nosognosia, hypochondriac preoccupations, and physical pain during hospitalization, but was more frequent in women, less educated patients, and patients with more negative appraisals of the stroke experience. Intrusions were increased after basal ganglia strokes, suggesting that the re-experiencing phenomena may be modulated by frontosubcortical pathways. Conclusions: Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms seem frequent in patients with nonsevere stroke and were associated with the subjective intensity of the stroke experience and accompanied by a depressive and anxious state.


NeuroImage | 2007

Short-term memory and the left intraparietal sulcus: Focus of attention? Further evidence from a face short-term memory paradigm

Steve Majerus; Christine Bastin; Martine Poncelet; M. Van der Linden; Eric Salmon; Fabienne Collette; Pierre Maquet

This study explored the validity of an attentional account for the involvement of the left intraparietal sulcus (IPS) in visual STM tasks. This account considers that during STM tasks, the IPS acts as an attentional modulator, maintaining activation in long-term memory networks that underlie the initial perception and processing of the specific information to be retained. In a recognition STM paradigm, we presented sequences of unfamiliar faces and instructed the participants to remember different types of information: either the identity of the faces or their order of presentation. We hypothesized that, if the left IPS acts as an attentional modulator, it should be active in both conditions, but connected to different neural networks specialized in serial order or face identity processing. Our results showed that the left IPS was activated during both order and identity encoding conditions, but for different reasons. During order encoding, the left IPS showed functional connectivity with order processing areas in the right IPS, bilateral premotor and cerebellar cortices, reproducing earlier results obtained in a verbal STM experiment. During identity encoding, the left IPS showed preferential functional connectivity with right temporal, inferior parietal and medial frontal areas involved in detailed face processing. These results not only support an attentional account of left IPS involvement in visual STM, but given their similarity with previous results obtained for a verbal STM task, they further highlight the importance of the left IPS as an attentional modulator in a variety of STM tasks.


European Eating Disorders Review | 2011

Evaluation of a guided internet self-treatment programme for bulimia nervosa in several European countries

Isabelle Carrard; Fernando Fernández-Aranda; Tania Lam; Lauri Nevonen; I. Liwowsky; A. C. Volkart; P. Rouget; Alain Golay; M. Van der Linden; Claes Norring

OBJECTIVE The purposes of this study were to evaluate the use of an online guided self-treatment programme for bulimia nervosa (BN) and to determine predictors of outcome. Data were collected in four European countries where the programme was simultaneously used. METHOD One hundred and twenty-seven BN or subthreshold BN female patients (mean age of 24.7 years) participated in a 4-month intervention using a CBT based online-guided self-help programme. Contact during the treatment period included weekly e-mails with a coach. ASSESSMENT Measures included the Eating Disorders Inventory-2 (EDI-2) and the Symptom Check List-Revised (SCL-90R). RESULTS Severity of eating disorders symptoms and general psychopathology improved significantly. Twenty-three per cent of patients were symptom free at the end of treatment. The dropout rate was 25.2%. A better score of general psychological health was a predictor of a better outcome. CONCLUSIONS This study encourages further developments and research on innovative therapy approaches, particularly for those disorders such as BN, with difficult therapy and unclear prognosis.


Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology | 2007

Optimization of encoding specificity for the diagnosis of early AD : the RI-48 task.

Stéphane Adam; M. Van der Linden; Adrian Ivanoiu; A-C Juillerat; Sophie Bechet; Eric Salmon

The aim of this study was to evaluate the discriminant validity of the RI-48 test, a shorter French version of the Category Cued Recall portion of the Double Memory Test developed initially by Buschke and colleagues (1997), in the diagnosis of mild and very mild Alzheimer disease (AD). The distinctive feature of the RI-48 task is that encoding specificity was increased by adding an immediate cued recall stage at the encoding phase. The results show that the RI-48 task seems to be well adapted to the clinical context and to have good psychometric properties, in particular a lack of a ceiling effect. Moreover, this task appears to be especially well suited for the diagnosis of both mild and very mild AD (sensitivity of 93% and 83.8%). From a more theoretical point of view, this study confirms the importance of optimizing the encoding specificity for the diagnosis of very mild AD, since the more encoding specificity is accentuated, the more discriminating power is increased for the diagnosis of very mild AD.


Anaesthesia | 2007

Intra-operative awareness in children: the value of an interview adapted to their cognitive abilities

Ursula Lopez; Walid Habre; M. Laurençon; Guy Haller; M. Van der Linden; Irene A. Iselin-Chaves

Intra‐operative awareness in paediatric patients has been little studied for many years because of the difficulties in relying on childrens testimony. Earlier questionnaires used to detect this complication were not adapted to childrens language and memory capacities. By using a qualitative method, a semi‐structured in‐depth interview adapted to their cognitive abilities, we have now conducted a prospective evaluation of the incidence and risk factors for intra‐operative awareness in children undergoing general anaesthesia. Data were obtained from interviews with 410 children (aged 6–16 years) which were conducted within 36 h of general anaesthesia for elective or emergency surgery. One month after surgery, 293 of these patients were interviewed again. Three independent adjudicators classified each potential case of awareness. We considered awareness to include both the ‘confirmed awareness’ and the ‘possible awareness’ cases. The accuracy of the childrens recall was calculated. The relationship between their awareness and the anaesthesia management was examined. There were five cases of confirmed awareness, and six cases of possible awareness. The incidence of confirmed awareness was 1.2%, but when the possible cases were also considered, the overall incidence of this complication was as high as 2.7% (95% confidence interval, 1.4–5.0%). The only predictive factor identified was the multiple manoeuvres with which the airways were secured (odds ratio, 8.4; 95% confidence interval, 2.4–29.07%). The present study confirms the existence of intra‐operative awareness in the paediatric population. The application of a semi‐structured in‐depth interview adapted to the cognitive capacities of the children appears to enhance the detection of awareness in this population.


Journal of The International Neuropsychological Society | 2010

Attentional networks efficiency in preterm children

Roxane Pizzo; Sébastien Urben; M. Van der Linden; Cristina Borradori-Tolsa; M. Freschi; M. Forcada-Guex; Petra Susan Hüppi; Koviljka Barisnikov

Recent studies have reported specific executive and attentional deficits in preterm children. However, the majority of this research has used multidetermined tasks to assess these abilities, and the interpretation of the results lacks an explicit theoretical backdrop to better understand the origin of the difficulties observed. In the present study, we used the Child Attention Network Task (Child ANT; Rueda et al. 2004) to assess the efficiency of the alerting, orienting and executive control networks. We compared the performance of 25 preterm children (gestational age < or = 32 weeks) to 25 full-term children, all between 5(1/2) and 6(1/2) years of age. Results showed that, as compared to full-term children, preterm children were slower on all conditions of the Child ANT and had a specific deficit in executive control abilities. We also observed a significantly higher correlation between the orienting and executive control networks in the preterm group, suggesting less differentiation of these two networks in this population.


Psychological Medicine | 2008

Source monitoring for actions in adolescents with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS).

Martin Debbané; M. Van der Linden; Bronwyn Glaser; Stephan Eliez

BACKGROUND Source monitoring consists in identifying the origin of mental events. Recent research suggests that confusions over internally generated mental events may represent a cognitive marker for increased proneness to psychotic symptoms and disorders. We have examined source monitoring for actions in adolescents with the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS), a neurogenetic disease associated with high rates of schizophrenia during adulthood, and expected to observe source monitoring deficits in comparison to IQ-matched and typically developing controls. METHOD Eighteen adolescents with 22q11DS, 17 adolescents matched for age and IQ, and also 17 adolescents matched for age participated in this study. Our adapted action monitoring paradigm asked subjects to visualize a series of actions in three different conditions: (1) visualize themselves performing the action; (2) visualize the experimenter performing the action; or (3) simply repeat the action statements without visualization of the action performer. RESULTS The adolescents with 22q11DS performed adequately in terms of recognition (hits), but in comparison to both control groups, they committed more source confusions on correctly recognized items. Further examination revealed that the adolescents were more likely to demonstrate confusions between exterior sources in which the self was not involved. CONCLUSIONS Source monitoring deficits can be observed in adolescents with 22q11DS, a syndrome putting them at high risk for developing schizophrenia. These deficits are discussed in terms of early cognitive processes associated with genetic risk for schizophrenia.

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Joël Billieux

University of Luxembourg

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