M. White

A high resolution muon detector

Abstract The design and operation of precision drift chambers with multisampling as well as the concepts and methods for reaching an extraordinary degree of precision in mechanics and calibration are described. Specific instruments were developed for this purpose. The concept of reproducible positioning and the implementation to 30 μm accuracy, showing stability over three years, is given. Calibration and analysis with UV-laser and cosmic test measurements are outlined with the critical results. The experience of calibration and reliability of the large system in an actual L3 running experiment is analyzed. The resolution under “battle conditions” at LEP resulted in Δp p = (2.50±0.04)% at 45.6 GeV and will be presented in detail. The concept is well suited for future TeV energies.

Optical techniques for electron-beam characterizations on the APS SASE FEL project ☆

Abstract At the Advanced Photon Source (APS) the injector linacs DC thermionic gun is being supplemented by a low-emittance RF thermionic gun that will support the SASE FEL project. To address the anticipated smaller beam sizes, the standard Chromox beam-profiling screens are being complemented by optical transition radiation (OTR) and Ce-doped YAG single-crystal converters. Direct comparisons of the effective conversion efficiency, spatial resolution, and time response of the three converter screen types have been performed using the DC thermionic guns beam accelerated to 400–650xa0MeV. An apparent blurring of observed beam size with increasing incident charge areal density in the YAG crystal was observed for the first time. Only the OTR was prompt enough for the few-ps domain micropulse bunch length measurements performed with a streak camera. Initial beam images of the RF-thermionic gun beam have also been obtained.

Construction, commissioning and operational experience of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) linear accelerator

The Advanced Photon Source linear accelerator (linac) system consists of a 200-MeV, 2856-MHz S-band electron linac, a 2-radiation-length-thick tungsten target for positron production, and a 450-MeV positron linac. The linac is briefly described, and some possibilities for its use as a slow positron source are discussed.The Advanced Photon Source linear accelerator system consists of a 200 MeV, 2856 MHz S-Band electron linac and a 2-radiation-thick tungsten target followed by a 450 MeV positron linac. The linac system has operated 24 hours per day for the past year to support accelerator commissioning and beam studies and to provide beam for the user experimental program. It achieves the design goal for positron current of 8 mA and produces electron energies up to 650 MeV without the target in place. The linac is described and its operation and performance are discussed.The Advanced Photon Source linear accelerator (linac) system consists of a 200-MeV, 2856-MHz S-band electron linac and a 2-radiation-length- thick tungsten target followed by a 450-MeV positron linac. The linac system has operated 24 hours per day for the past two years to support accelerator commissioning and beam studies, and to provide beam for the experimental program. It achieves the design goal for positron current of 8 mA, and produces electron energies up to 650 MeV without the target in place. The linac is described, and its operation and performance are discussed. 9 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.

High peak power test of S-band waveguide switches

The injector and source of particles for the Advanced Photon Source (APS) is a 2856-MHz S-band electron-positron linear accelerator (linac) which produces electrons with energies up to 650 MeV or positrons with energies up to 450 MeV. To improve the linac RF system availability, an additional modulator-klystron subsystem is being constructed to provide a switchable hot spare unit for each of the five existing S-band transmitters. The switching of the transmitters will require the use of SF6-pressurized waveguide switches at a peak operating power of 35 MW. A test stand was set up at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) Klystron-Microwave laboratory to conduct tests characterizing the power handling capability of these waveguide switches. Test results are presented.

Performance of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) linear accelerator

A 2856-MHz S-band, electron-positron linear accelerator (linac) is the injector and source of particles for the APS. The linac is operated 24 hours per day, with 405-MeV electrons to support commissioning of the other APS accelerators, and with positrons or electrons to support linac studies. It produces electrons with energies up to 655 MeV or positrons with energies up to the design energy of 450 MeV.

Configuration, optics, and performance of a 7-GEV Energy Recovery Linac upgrade for the advanced photon source

The Advanced Photon Source (APS) is a 7-GeV storage ring light source that has been in operation for over a decade. In order to make revolutionary improvements in the performance of the existing APS ring, we are exploring the addition of a 7-GeV energy recovery linac (ERL) [1] to the APS complex. In this paper, we show the possible configuration of such a system, taking into account details of the APS site and the requirement that stored beam capability be preserved. We exhibit a possible configuration for the single-pass, 7-GeV linac. We discuss optical solutions for transport from 10 MeV to 7 GeV and back, including a large turn-around are that would support 48 additional user beamlines. Tracking results are shown that include incoherent and coherent synchrotron radiation, resulting in predictions of the beamline performance. We also demonstrate the desirability of operation at high beam energy.

Constant-current charging supplies for the Advanced Photon Source (APS) linear accelerator modulators

The APS linac beam energy must be stable to within /spl plusmn/1% to match the energy acceptance of the positron accumulator ring. The klystron pulse modulators must therefore provide a pulse-to-pulse repeatability of 0.1% in order for the beam to have the required energy stability. The modulators have had difficulty achieving the necessary repeatability since the pulse forming network (PFN) charging scheme does not include a deQing circuit. Several of the major charging circuit components are also less reliable than desired. In order to increase operating reliability and to improve pulse-to-pulse stability, it is planned to replace the high voltage power supplies in all modulators with constant-current power supplies. A new modulator charging supply that contains two EMI series 303 constant-current power supplies was constructed.

Phase control and intra-pulse phase compensation of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) linear accelerator

RF power for the APS linear accelerator is provided by five klystrons, each of which feeds one linac sector, containing accelerating structures and SLED cavities. A VXI-based subsystem measures the phase of each sector of the linac with respect to a thermally stabilized reference line. The resulting information is used to control a linearized varactor phase shifter. Error correction is done by software, using operator-controllable parameters. A second phase shifter provides an intra-pulse correction to the phase of the klystron drive pulse. When the intra-pulse correction is applied, the resulting phase is flat to within 0.5/spl deg/ after 2.5 /spl mu/sec. A second correction, made after the PSK trigger to the SLED and during the filling of the accelerating structures, resulted in an energy gain of 5 MeV from a single sector.

Bunch length measurements at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) linear accelerator

Measurements of the APS linac micro-bunch length are performed by backphasing a single 2856-MHz, S-band linac waveguide and using a downstream spectrometer to observe the beam. By measuring the beam width in the dispersive plane as a function of RF power into the linac waveguide, the bunch length can be determined absolutely provided the beam energy and dispersion at the spectrometer are known. The bunch length determined in this fashion is used to calibrate a fifth-harmonic bunch length cavity which is used for real-time bunch length monitoring.

A low-neutron background slow-positron source

The addition of a thermionic RF gun and a photocathode RF gun will allow the advanced photon source (APS) linear accelerator (linac) to become a free-electron laser (FEL) driver. As the FEL project progresses, the existing high-charge DC thermionic gun will no longer be critical to APS operation and could be used to generate high-energy or low-energy electrons to drive a slow-positron source. We investigated possibilities to create a useful low-energy source that could operate semi-independently and would have a low-neutron background.