M. Z. A. Ab Kadir
Universiti Putra Malaysia
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Featured researches published by M. Z. A. Ab Kadir.
International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics | 2011
Mahdi Izadi; M. Z. A. Ab Kadir; Chandima Gomes; Wan Fatinhamamah Wan Ahmad
In this paper, by considering the factors that influence the charge height variation along the lightning channel and using Maxwells equations, general expressions in time domain for the evaluation of electromagnetic fields at an observation point are proposed. The lightning channel is assumed to be perpendicular to the ground surface and the ground conductivity is considered to be perfect. Our results showed that the proposed method has good agreement with the measured values, as we validated the outcome using fields measured at close and intermediate distances from the lightning channel. A set of general equations, which has the ability of evaluating any given channel base current function and current model in time domain is also derived.
Progress in Electromagnetics Research-pier | 2012
Mahdi Izadi; M. Z. A. Ab Kadir; Chandima Gomes; Vernon Cooray
The lightning return stroke current is an important parameter for considering the efiect of lightning on power lines. In this study, a numerical method is proposed to evaluate the return stroke current based on measured electromagnetic flelds at an observation point in the time domain. The proposed method considers all fleld components and the full wave shape of the current without the use of a special current model as a basic assumption compared to previous methods. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm is validated using measured flelds obtained from a triggered lightning experiment. The results show a good agreement between the simulated fleld based on the evaluated currents from the proposed method and the corresponding measured fleld at a remote observation point. The proposed method can determine current wave shapes related to a greater number of lightning occurrences compared to the direct measurement of the current.
Progress in Electromagnetics Research-pier | 2012
M. Izadi; M. Z. A. Ab Kadir; Chandima Gomes; Vernon Cooray; J. Shoene
In this paper, an inverse procedure algorithm is proposed in the time domain to evaluate lightning return stroke currents along a lightning channel using measured magnetic ∞ux density at an observation point while the current velocity along a lightning channel is assumed to be a height dependent variable. The proposed method considers all fleld components and it can evaluate the full shape of currents and the current velocity at difierent heights along a lightning channel. Moreover, a sample of measured magnetic ∞ux density from a triggered lightning experiment is applied to the proposed algorithm and the evaluated currents and current velocities are validated using a measured channel base current and magnetic ∞ux density at another observation point.
International Journal of Photoenergy | 2014
Aminmohammad Saberian; Hashim Hizam; Mohd Amran Mohd Radzi; M. Z. A. Ab Kadir; Maryam Mirzaei
This paper presents a solar power modelling method using artificial neural networks (ANNs). Two neural network structures, namely, general regression neural network (GRNN) feedforward back propagation (FFBP), have been used to model a photovoltaic panel output power and approximate the generated power. Both neural networks have four inputs and one output. The inputs are maximum temperature, minimum temperature, mean temperature, and irradiance; the output is the power. The data used in this paper started from January 1, 2006, until December 31, 2010. The five years of data were split into two parts: 2006–2008 and 2009-2010; the first part was used for training and the second part was used for testing the neural networks. A mathematical equation is used to estimate the generated power. At the end, both of these networks have shown good modelling performance; however, FFBP has shown a better performance comparing with GRNN.
international conference on lightning protection | 2012
M. Z. A. Ab Kadir; N. R. Misbah; Chandima Gomes; Jasronita Jasni; Wan Fatinhamamah Wan Ahmad; Mohd Khair Hassan
It is a fact that Malaysia encounters more than 70% of power outages due to lightning and it is known as the “Crown of Lightning” in the world. The effects of lightning on electrical/communication networks and structures account for equipment damage, downtime/data losses and malfunctioning of control and automated systems that may cost the nation over RM 250 million and thousands of human injuries and deaths. Good statistics about death and injuries around the world are just beginning to be collected. This paper presents an update of the statistics on lightning fatalities in Malaysia and some comparisons with other countries around the world. In addition, a case study that accounts the geographical location, lightning detection data and distribution system layout will be presented.
International Journal of Photoenergy | 2014
Shahrooz Hajighorbani; Mohd Amran Mohd Radzi; M. Z. A. Ab Kadir; Suhaidi Shafie; Razieh Khanaki; Mohammadreza Maghami
Photovoltaic system (PV) has nonlinear characteristics which are affected by changing the climate conditions and, in these characteristics, there is an operating point in which the maximum available power of PV is obtained. Fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is the artificial intelligent based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method for obtaining the maximum power point (MPP). In this method, defining the logical rule and specific range of membership function has the significant effect on achieving the best and desirable results. This paper presents a detailed comparative survey of five general and main fuzzy logic subsets used for FLC technique in DC-DC boost converter. These rules and specific range of membership functions are implemented in the same system and the best fuzzy subset is obtained from the simulation results carried out in MATLAB. The proposed subset is able to track the maximum power point in minimum time with small oscillations and the highest system efficiency (95.7%). This investigation provides valuable results for all users who want to implement the reliable fuzzy logic subset for their works.
international conference on electrical control and computer engineering | 2011
Mahdi Karami; Norman Mariun; M. Z. A. Ab Kadir
The purpose of this paper is to study a practical and accurate heuristic method known as genetic algorithm (GA) which is used to find the optimal location of Static Var Compensator (SVC) and its appropriate size and setting. This method is employed to optimize the stability of power system by means of maximizing distance to collapse point. The continuation power flow (CPF) method is employed to determine the collapse point and critical area of power system. Moreover, the total real power loss of system is minimized by this algorithm. Modeling and simulation is performed on IEEE 14, 57 and 118 bus test system. The obtained result implements the effectiveness of this method to find the best location, appropriate size and setting of this element to the desired targets.
international conference on lightning protection | 2010
Wan Fatinhamamah Wan Ahmad; M.S. Abdul Rahman; Jasronita Jasni; M. Z. A. Ab Kadir; Hashim Hizam
It is an aim of this work in finding the best performed chemical enhancement material in order to provide the lowest impede path for fault currents to be dispersed into the earth in the shortest time possible. These fault currents are typically due to transients and they could be dangerous to the power system, equipment in it and the personnel involved with the system. Hence, it is desired that a grounding system is installed to provide such path to clear these fault currents from the power system in the manner that danger could be reduced. Such transients are generated by lightning, or switching action. Note that in this study, only lightning strike is considered. Lightning could create impulsive transient during its direct or indirect strikes to power system. This problem is normally prevented by installing a suitable grounding system to the power system. A grounding system will create a path for transient to be safely dispersed into the earth by providing lowest resistance path. This can be easily done using either natural or chemical enhancement materials. However, this work only reported the findings of having chemical enhancement materials in the vicinity of grounding system for protection against lightning. It is found that sodium chloride demonstrated the best performance in being enhancement material for earthing system on top of sodium thiosulphate, magnesium chloride, cuprum sulphate, and ammonium chloride.
International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics | 2013
Mahdi Izadi; M. Z. A. Ab Kadir; Maryam Hajikhani
In this paper a general set of field expressions associated with a lightning channel are proposed to evaluate the electromagnetic fields due to lightning in the presence of a ground reflection at the channel base. The ground reflection factor is due to the difference between the channel and ground impedances and can enter additional reflected currents into the lightning channel. The proposed field expressions can support the widely used current functions and current models directly in the time domain without the need to apply any extra conversions. Moreover, the proposed expressions are applied on a sample of lightning current that has been obtained from a triggered lightning experiment and the evaluated electromagnetic fields are compared to the corresponding measured fields and the results discussed accordingly. The results illustrate that the simulated fields based on the proposed method are in good agreement with the measured fields. Moreover, the ground reflection factor can have a great effect on the values of the lightning electromagnetic fields. The proposed field expressions consider all field components directly in the time domain and vary appropriately to join with widely used coupling models to evaluate the lightning induced voltage on power lines without the need to apply any extra conversions.
international conference on lightning protection | 2010
Jasronita Jasni; L. K. Siow; M. Z. A. Ab Kadir; Wan Fatinhamamah Wan Ahmad
Grounding resistance could significantly reduce with the usage of grounding filler for grounding rod in lightning protection system. However, the cost of the normally used grounding fillers such as bentonite and other chemicals is the main drawback. Therefore, it is an aim of this study to determine the electrical properties and durability of natural grounding fillers as an alternative to bentonite. The 61.8% rule from the fall of potential method was used to obtain values of grounding resistance of the lightning protection system installed with natural grounding fillers such as bentonite, coconut coir peat, planting-clay soil and paddy dust. The measured grounding resistances were then compared with the grounding resistance of the reference grounding rod. Results revealed that natural materials especially planting-clay soil is the best alternative to replace bentonite as grounding filler because it gave the lowest grounding resistance values at the end of the experiment and had generally the highest percentage reduction in grounding resistance.