M. Z. Hussin

An evaluation data of solar irradiation and dry bulb temperature at Subang under Malaysian climate

Solar irradiation and the temperature played a major role in the PV designing system. This factor differs with the latitude, geographic and time of day due to the various sun positions. This paper presents an average of solar irradiation over 10 years data for the Subang area with respect to the complete set data of daily global solar radiation that monitored by the Malaysian Meteorological Department (MMD) from year 1993 to 2002. In this study, the data were analysed to understand the pattern of hourly solar irradiance and also to recommend the appropriate value of daily solar irradiation for the designing of PV system in Malaysia region especially for Subang and Klang Valley. The highest sum of 24 hours average solar irradiation per year was 4.72 kWh m−2 in 1998 as well as temperature 28.5 °C and the annually average solar irradiations for Subang were collected from 3.91 kWh m−2 to 4.30 kWh m−2 during 10 years period. Also, the recommended daily solar irradiation in Malaysian climate is 4.39 kWh m−2, 133.0 kWh m−2 for monthly and the standard value for annual is 1596.5 kWh m−2. The standard deviation for daily solar irradiation is 0.29.

Performance of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System in Equatorial Rainforest Fully Humid Climate of Malaysia

Received Jan 3, 2013 Revised Jul 1, 2013 Accepted Jul 16, 2013 This paper presents a result obtained from a comparative study of three different photovoltaic (PV) module technologies for grid-connected (GC) system under Malaysia’s operating conditions. From the results obtained, the performance ratio (PR) showed slightly different from the three PV technologies for polycrystalline was about 78.2%, 94.6% for a-Si thin film and 81% for monocrystalline during the four years of monitoring. Outdoor assessment shows that a-Si thin-film PV modules had demonstrated high performance and better in terms of final yield, performance ratio and array/system efficiency of the GC system over the entire monitored period. On the other hand, a-Si thin-film PV modules exhibit higher energy production, reliability and better conversion of system performance in Malaysia. Keyword:

A development and challenges of grid-connected photovoltaic system in Malaysia

This paper presents the update status of a grid-connected photovoltaic (GCPV) system installed in Malaysia. There are 125 sites with total PV capacity power is approximately 1137.21 kWp of GC BIPV systems until the end of June, 2011 was monitored by Photovoltaic System Monitoring Centre (PVSMC). After 5 years of operation under MBIPV project, two main problems have been identified due to technical and environmental, which contributes to 60% and 40% respectively. This factor may contribute the decrement on the PV system performances in terms of field yield. By identifying the potential problem occurred, the knowledge and experiences in a GCPV system will used as the input and the potential problem will be avoided, in order to achieve the maximize the energy production. All issues are identified, which affects the system performances based on 5 years experience through MBIPV project by conducting short-term investigation.

Sizing ratio of inverter and PV array for a-Si FS GCPV system in Malaysia's perspectives

System designs sizing and natural environmental analysis are two common issues and considered to be among the most crucial part of the study with the objective of enhancing the Grid-connected Photovoltaic (GCPV) performance in Malaysias perspective. This a-Si GCPV system located near to the Green Energy Research Centre (GERC) Building at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Malaysia. This a-Si GCPV system installation was referred to Malaysian Standard MS1837:2010 and designed based on initial data values of PV module characteristics. To date, most of GCPV system applications using thin-film (TF) PV module technologies in Malaysia were designed at stabilized data values. So, this system is conducted to study the derating factor for matching inverter and PV array sizing and behavior of a-Si FS GCPV system under Malaysias real condition. The P-V analysis fully utilizes the infield data as a guideline for sizing inverter and PV array, with the aim of guiding the system designer during initial design stage for Malaysias climate.

Status of a grid-connected MBIPV project in Malaysia

This paper discussed the current status of a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system installed in Malaysia. There are 97 locations with capacity of array power, which is 857.92 kWp grid-connected PV systems are monitored by the Photovoltaic System Monitoring Centre (PVSMC), UiTM. Since monitoring the performances for grid-connected system, there are several sites had been detected facing problems involve technical problem like an inverter fault, sensor fault and environmental problem such as shading effect and lower energy. All the problem will be affected the PV system performances in terms of final yield and performance ratio thus it will be inclined the data availability problem. Furthermore, it could waste the energy produced by PV array and energy payback period. An established practical knowledge in designing a PV system need to be taken seriously in order to avoid improper design before installation to maximize the energy production. It is very important to structure proper design and sizing procedures, identify the factors which affect the performances and component sizing for PV system to optimize and utilize the energy production before any actual implementation of solar power energy system installed.

Two-year performance monitoring of amorphous-Silicon Grid-Connected Photovoltaic system

This paper presents the thin-film performance with a total nominal array of 0.9 kWp Grid-Connected Photovoltaic system using single-junction amorphous-Silicon for two years of operation in Malaysia. Since the operation, the system has injected into the Tenaga Nasional Berhads grid with the total energy production of about 2,232.8 kWh. Additionally, the daily average for the final PV system yield, the efficiencies of system and inverter were recorded at 3.39 kWh/kWp.d, 5.08% and 89.6%, respectively. The daily operation showed that it has been operating in better condition under Malaysian climate with the performance ratio measured at 80.6% during the monitored period.

Performance of a 1.2 kWp thin-film free-standing grid-connected photovoltaic system at SIRIM berhad

This study analyses the performance of a 1.2 kWp thin-film, grid-connected photovoltaic system located at Renewable Energy Research Centre (RERC), SIRIM Berhad, Shah Alam, Malaysia. The effect of amorphous-Silicon (a-Si) thin-film photovoltaic (PV) module technology response was analyzed under Malaysia climate. The performance of GCPV system was evaluated by investigating the performance ratio (PR) under Standard Test Condition (STC). From the results, the average PR was measured at 97% after one year of operation. In this study, there are several factors such as dirt and dust accumulation, temperature, shade and degradation that influenced the performance of the PV array. All parameters such as location, tilt angle, orientation, degradation and shading were taken into an account.

Power consumption saving during charging period for Thermal Energy Storage System

Thermal Energy Storage (TES) system is already well established and one of the most important methods of demand to reduce peak-cooling loads. This system is divided by two periods known as charging period and discharging period. Discharging period is starting from 7 a.m until 10 p.m. Charging period to produce ice is 10 hours from 10 p.m until 7 a.m with capacity rated 24 refrigerant ton (RT) of cooling capacity for each tank. Nowadays, the issue of cost in term of power consumption becomes an obstacle to implement this system. This paper presents the power consumption saving during charging period for TES system in Engineering Complex, UiTM Shah Alam Selangor. The data obtained were observed and analyzed in order to saving the power consumption. In conclusion, there are some calculations that including with Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) tariff to show the comparison in term of power consumption during charging period and electricity bill for a month between actual design, current design and propose design.

Prediction of time series based on load profile using JADE technique

This paper presents a method of mathematical technique using Joint Approximate Diagonalization of Eigen Matrices (JADE). The advantages of this method, it can predict the original analysis of source signal using limited information of the system as well as to minimize costs by reducing the number of equipment to estimate the type of load profile at certain locations. By using innovative methods based Power System Simulation (PSS™E) software, Phyton Programming, Matlab software and Microsoft Excel are implemented. The proposed technique is tested on 69 test bus system and several results such as simulation and error measures are also discussed in this paper.

Structural and optical properties of nanocomposited ZnO/SnO 2 thin film deposited at different Sn precursor

The nanocomposited ZnO/SnO2 thin film were synthesized by thermal chemical vapour deposition (CVD) on ZnO coated glass as template layer. Based on the FESEM observations, different composite nanostructures grew on the ZnO template layer for different Sn precursors; Tin TetraChloride, Dibutyltin Diacetate and Tin Powder. The photoluminescent of nanocomposited ZnO/SnO2 thin film indicated low peak at ultra-violet (UV) emission around 390 nm and high intensity of peak around 590 nm that corresponding to the visible emission.