M.Z. Musa

Electrical conductivity characteristics of TiO 2 thin film

Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) thin film has been synthesized using sol-gel method and deposited onto glass substrates using spin coating technique. These thin films are then annealed at various temperatures. The electrical and structural characterizations of the as deposited and annealed films were carried out using IV measurement with 4-point probe equipment and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). From this study, it is known that, electrical properties were influenced by changes of annealing temperature. Resistivity of thin films was found to decrease as the annealing temperatures increase. Also indicate in this paper the surface morphology of the thin film.

Effect of R.F Power to the Properties of ZnO Thin Films Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering

The effect of radio frequency (R.F) power to the properties of zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering is presented. This project has been focused on electrical, optical and structural properties of ZnO thin films. The effect of variation R.F power at 100 watt ~ 400 watt on the ZnO thin films has been investigated. The thin films were examined using current-voltage (I-V) measurement, UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscope (AFM). ZnO thin films were prepared at room temperature in pure argon atmosphere by a R.F magnetron sputtering using ZnO target. I-V measurement indicates that at 300 watt R.F power show the highest conductivity. All films have showed high UV absorption properties using UV-VIS spectrophotometer (JASCO 670). Highly oriented ZnO thin films [002] direction was obtained by using Rigaku Ultima IV. The root means square (rms) roughness for ZnO thin film were about (<2nm) was measured using AFM (Park System XE-100). Keywords-ZnO thin films, R.F power, electrical properties, optical properties, structural properties

A Preliminary Study of Banana Stem Juice as a Plant-Based Coagulant for Treatment of Spent Coolant Wastewater

The effectiveness of banana stem juice as a natural coagulant for treatment of spent coolant wastewater was investigated . Three main parameters were studied, namely, chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SSs), and turbidity of effluent. Coagulation experiments using jar test were performed with a flocculation system where the effects of spent coolant wastewater pH as well as banana stem juice dosage on coagulation effectiveness were examined. The highest recorded COD, SS, and turbidity removal percentages by banana stem juice were 80.1%, 88.6%, and 98.5%, respectively, observed for effluent at pH 7 using 90 mL dosage. The inulin concentration in the banana stem was examined to be 1.22016 mg/mL. It could be concluded that banana stem juice showed tremendous potential as a natural coagulant for water treatment purposes and could be applied in the pretreatment stage of Malaysian spent coolant wastewater prior to secondary treatment.

Dragon Fruit Foliage Plant-Based Coagulant for Treatment of Concentrated Latex Effluent: Comparison of Treatment with Ferric Sulfate

The effectiveness of dragon fruit foliage as a natural coagulant for treatment of concentrated latex effluent was investigated and compared with ferric sulfate, a chemical coagulant. Dragon fruit is a round and often red-colored fruit with scales-like texture and is native to south American countries which is also cultivated and heavily marketed in southeast Asian countries. Its foliage represents a part of its overall plant system. Latex effluent is one of the main byproduct from rubber processing factories in Malaysia. Three main parameters investigated were chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), and turbidity of effluent. Coagulation experiments using jar test were performed with a flocculation system where the effects of latex effluent pH as well as coagulation dosage on coagulation effectiveness were examined. The highest recorded COD, SS, and turbidity removal percentages for foliage were observed for effluent pH 10 at 94.7, 88.9, and 99.7%, respectively. It is concluded that the foliage showed tremendous potential as a natural coagulant for water treatment purposes. The foliage could be used in the pretreatment stage of Malaysian latex effluent prior to secondary treatment.

Aluminium doping of titanium dioxide thin films using sol–gel method

Abstract Doping of aluminium into titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin film matrix has been achieved by the solution method. The doping concentrations have been varied from 0·0 at-% (undoped) to 5·0 at-%. The current–voltage measurement shows conductivity increment for the aluminium doped TiO2 thin films compared to the undoped sample. Scanning electron microscopy images reveal that the thin films have a mesoporous structure suitable for application in the dye sensitised solar cell.

A study on ohmic contact of different metal contact materials on nanostructured Titanium Dioxide (TiO 2 ) Thin Film

Three different type of materials i.e Au, Pt, and Pd have been investigated as metal contact on Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) thin films. These metal contacts have been deposited using sputter coating method. Meanwhile sol-gel spin coating method has been chosen to deposits TiO2 thin film. The ohmic contact characteristic of the three materials has been studied using Current-Voltage measurement.

The Photovoltaic Performance of Doped-CuI Hole Conductors for Solid State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

The iodine doped copper (I) iodide (I2: CuI) at different weight of iodine dopant have been prepared to investigate its thin films properties and photovoltaic performance. A novel method of mist atomization technique has been used for the deposition of CuI materials. The structural and electrical properties of CuI thin films deposited on the glass substrates were studied. The thin films morphology examined by FESEM shows a variation of crystal size and structure. Brick-like structure with smooth faces and sharp edges were seen for the doped thin films. The CuI thin films at 30 mg of iodine doping shows the highest resistivity of 4.56 × 101 Ω cm which caused by the surface traps create by iodine doping. The photovoltaic performance of ss-DSSC on the effect of variation iodine doping was investigated. The ss-DSSC fabricated with undoped CuI materials shows the highest efficiency of 1.05% while the 40 mg I2 content shows the lowest conversion efficiency of 0.45%. The crystals size of CuI and its degree of crystallization are greatly contributed to the high filling fraction of the porous TiO2 layer and hence the cells performance.

Structure transformation of ZnO thin films properties influenced by substrate temperature deposited by magnetron sputtering

The structure transformation of ZnO thin films properties influenced by substrate temperature deposited by RF Magnetron Sputtering is presented. This project has been focused on electrical, optical and structural properties of ZnO thin films. The effect of variation substrate temperature at 200°C~500°C on the ZnO thin films have been investigated. The thin films were examined using two point probe current-voltage (I-V) measurement (Keithley 2400), UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer, field emmision scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) (JEOL JSM 7600F) and atomic force microscope (AFM) (Park System XE-100). ZnO thin films were prepared at 200 watt by a RF magnetron sputtering using ZnO target using glass as the substrate. The IV measurement indicated as the substrate temperature increase, the conductivity of ZnO thin film increase. All films have show high UV absorption properties using UV-VIS spectrophotometer (JASCO 670). The root means square (rms) roughness for ZnO thin film were about (<;8nm) was measured using AFM. The image form FESEM observed that transformation of structure started to change at high temperature (400~500°C).

Effects of Pressure Dependence on Nanocolumnar Zinc Oxide Deposited by RF Magnetron Sputtering

Nanocolumnar zinc oxide (ZnO) was deposited on glass substrates by RF magnetron sputtering.It was performed with a ZnO target at RF power of 200 W. The deposition wascarried out in argon and oxygen ambient at the ratio of 10 and 5 sccmrespectively, with total deposition time of 1 hour. The growth temperature wasfixed at 500°C and deposition pressure specified at 3, 5 and 10 mTorr. It wasobserved that the morphological and photoluminescence properties of ZnOstrongly dependent on the deposition pressure. The ZnO mean grain area was inverselyrelated with the surface roughness. The best morphological andphotoluminescence properties was found to be associated with ZnO grown at 10mTorr. Smooth ZnO surface and lowest defects related emission in PL wasobtained for the respective sample.

Photoanode of nanostructured TiO 2 prepared by ultrasonic irradiation assisted of sol-gel with P-25 for dye-sensitized Solar Cells

In this work, TiO2 photoanode have been prepared by mixing the commercial titania powder P-25 with a titanium sol gel. In order to improve the mixing condition the paste was gone through the ultrasonic treatment. After that, the doctor blade technique was used to deposit TiO2 paste on ITO-coated glass substrate. There were two monolayer photoanodes with ultrasonic and without ultrasonic TiO2 pastes of about the same thickness have been prepared and their effects on the overall cell performances of the DSSC were compared. From the solar simulator measurement the solar energy conversion efficiency (η) of 2.6642% under AM 1.5 was obtained with the ultrasonic photoanode DSSC which correspond to the short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) and open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 7.2552 mA/cm2 and 0.5168 V, respectively, while 1.3127% conversion efficiency (η) obtained from without ultrasonic TiO2 photoanode. The TiO2 photoanode with ultrasonic were efficiently in the fabrication process of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), where the improvement which was almost double from unsonicated film for the overall energy conversion efficiency (η) that achieved for the sonicated TiO2 photoanode with the present of PEG.