Maarten Schmidt

VLA observations of objects in the Palomar Bright Quasar Survey

Results on the VLA observations (with 18 arcsec resolution) of all 114 objects from the Palomar Bright Quasar Survey (BQS) are presented, and the relation between the radio luminosity and optical luminosity is discussed. It was found that most of the BQS quasars are radio quiet and have a radio flux density close to that of the optical flux density; however, 15-20 percent of the quasars are radio loud and are much brighter at radio than at optical wavelengths. The radio luminosity function was derived. It is shown that the radio emission from high-red-shift (z greater than 0.5) quasars is dominated by compact components; most quasars with R above 100 have small red shifts. 39 refs.

Quasar evolution derived from the Palomar Bright Quasar Survey and other complete quasar surveys

We present the Bright Quasar Survey (BQS) consisting of 114 objects to an average limiting magnitude B = 16.16 over an area of 10,714 deg/sup 2/. There are 92 quasars with M/sub B/<-23 in the sample. We use the BQS and complete samples from published surveys to derive models of the statistical evolution of quasars. The increase of space density with redshift depends strongly on absolute luminosity, being close to zero for low-luminosity quasars. Detailed predictions are given for the distribution of redshifts and magnitudes and for the total counts based on the evolution models.

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey View of the Palomar-Green Bright Quasar Survey

We investigate the extent to which the Palomar-Green (PG) Bright Quasar Survey (BQS) is complete and representative of the general quasar population by comparing it with imaging and spectroscopy from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). A comparison of SDSS and PG photometry of both stars and quasars reveals the need to apply a color and magnitude recalibration to the PG data. Using the SDSS photometric catalog, we define the PGs parent sample of objects that are not main-sequence stars and simulate the selection of objects from this parent sample using the PG photometric criteria and errors. This simulation shows that the effective U - B cut in the PG survey is U - B 0.5 are inherently rare in bright surveys in any case). We find no evidence for any other systematic incompleteness when comparing the distributions in color, redshift, and FIRST radio properties of the BQS and a BQS-like subsample of the SDSS quasar sample. However, the application of a bright magnitude limit biases the BQS toward the inclusion of objects that are blue in g - i, in particular compared to the full range of g - i colors found among the i-band limited SDSS quasars, and even at i-band magnitudes comparable to those of the BQS objects.

Luminosity Function of Gamma-Ray Bursts Derived without Benefit of Redshifts

We show that the Euclidean value of for gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) selected on a timescale of 1024 ms is correlated with spectral hardness. The value of ranges from ~0.42 for soft bursts to ~0.26 for the hardest bursts. Given that the Euclidean value of for cosmological objects in a well-defined sample is a distance indicator, the hard bursts must reside at larger redshifts and therefore be more luminous than the soft bursts. The resulting luminosity-hardness correlation cannot be shown explicitly as a result of the small number of observed GRB redshifts at the present time. Based on the -hardness correlation, we derive the luminosity function of GRBs without using any redshifts, but we have to make an assumption how the comoving GRB rate varies with redshift. We present luminosity functions for three models of the GRB rate as a function of redshift, based on star formation rates. The peak luminosity functions are approximately broken power laws with an isotropic-equivalent break luminosity of ~1051.5 ergs s-1 in the 50-300 keV range and total local rate densities of ~0.5 Gpc-3 yr-1. Predicted GRB counts as a function of flux and redshift are presented. Based on the GRB luminosity function, we carry out a simulation to produce the luminosity-hardness correlation, which shows that the hardest GRBs are ~20 times more luminous than the softest ones.

Moderate resolution spectrophotometry of high redshift quasars

A uniform set of photometry and high signal-to-noise moderate resolution spectroscopy of 33 quasars with redshifts larger than 3.1 is presented. The sample consists of 17 newly discovered quasars (two with redshifts in excess of 4.4) and 16 sources drawn from the literature. The objects in this sample have r magnitudes between 17.4 and 21.4; their luminosities range from -28.8 to -24.9. Three of the 33 objects are broad absorption line quasars. A number of possible high redshift damped Ly-alpha systems were found. 42 refs.

Soft X-ray AGN luminosity function from ROSAT surveys - II. Table of the binned soft X-ray luminosity function

This is the second paper of our investigation of the 0.5-2 keV soft X-ray luminosity function (SXLF) of active galactic nuclei (AGN) using results from ROSAT surveys of various depth. The large dynamic range of the combined sample, from shallow large-area ROSAT All-Sky Survey (RASS)-based samples to the satellites deepest pointed observation on the Lockman Hole, enabled us to trace the behavior of the SXLF. While the first paper (Miyaji, Hasinger, Schmidt 2000, hereafter paper I) emphasized the global behavior of the SXLF, cosmological evolution and contribution to the soft X-ray background, this paper presents actual numerical values for practical use of our results. To present the binned SXLF, we have used an improved estimator, which is free from biases associated with the conventional 1/Va estimator.

PC 1247 + 3406 - An optically selected quasar with a redshift of 4.897

Observations of PC 1247 + 3406, a quasar with a redshift of 4.897 + or - 0.011, is described on the basis of a four-filter CCD survey designed to detect quasars with redshifts between 4.0 and 5.5. The quasar was found to be about the same brightness as PC 1158 + 4635, a quasar with a 20th-magnitude redshift of 4.733 discovered in 1989. The properties of PC 1247 + 3406 are similar to other quasars with redshifts above 3, although the absorption due to intervening neutral hydrogen is about 20 percent less than expected. The flux in the spectrum abruptly drops at a wavelength of about 910 A in the quasars rest frame. This quick encounter with a Lyman-limit system is frequently seen in other quasars with redshifts above 4.3.

The mass of the galactic halo derived from the luminosity function of high-velocity stars

The local luminosity function of high-velocity stars is derived on the basis of a complete sample of stars of large proper motion with trigonometric parallaxes. The fraction of these stars belonging to a roughly spherical galactic halo is deduced by using a kinematical criterion based on space velocities of metal-poor RR Lyrae variables. The local mass density of halo stars is about 1.7times10

Luminosities and Space Densities of Gamma-Ray Bursts

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Application of the V/V(max) test to gamma-ray bursts

solar masses per cubic parsec, corresponding to a fractional mass within the Suns distance from the center of 6 percent, i.e., an order of magnitude lower than that of the massive halo proposed by Ostriker and Peebles. (AIP)