Madhava Anil Kumar

Fabrication, characterization and application of pectin degrading Fe3O4–SiO2 nanobiocatalyst

The covalent binding of pectinase onto amino functionalized silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles (CSMNPs) through glutaraldehyde activation was investigated for nanobiocatalyst fabrication. The average particle size and morphology of the nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The statistical analysis for TEM image suggests that the coating and binding process did not cause any significant change in size of MNPs. The morphological and phase change of the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) after various coatings and immobilization were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The various surface modifications and pectinase binding onto nanoparticles were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The maximum activity of immobilized pectinase was obtained at its weight ratio of 19.0×10(-3) mg bound pectinase/mg CSMNPs. The pH, temperature, reusability, storage ability and kinetic studies were established to monitor their improved stability and activity of the fabricated nanobiocatalyst. Furthermore, the application was extended in the clarification of Malus domestica juice.

Chemometric formulation of bacterial consortium-AVS for improved decolorization of resonance-stabilized and heteropolyaromatic dyes.

A bacterial consortium-AVS, consisting of Pseudomonas desmolyticum NCIM 2112, Kocuria rosea MTCC 1532 and Micrococcus glutamicus NCIM 2168 was formulated chemometrically, using the mixture design matrix based on the design of experiments methodology. The formulated consortium-AVS decolorized acid blue 15 and methylene blue with a higher average decolorization rate, which is more rapid than that of the pure cultures. The UV-vis spectrophotometric, Fourier transform infra red spectrophotometric and high performance liquid chromatographic analysis confirm that the decolorization was due to biodegradation by oxido-reductive enzymes, produced by the consortium-AVS. The toxicological assessment of plant growth parameters and the chlorophyll pigment concentrations of Phaseolus mungo and Triticum aestivum seedlings revealed the reduced toxic nature of the biodegraded products.

Characterization, Analysis, and Application of Fabricated Fe3O4-Chitosan-Pectinase Nanobiocatalyst

The investigation on fabrication of Fe3O4-chitosan-pectinase nanobiocatalyst was performed by covalently binding the pectinase onto carboxyl group activated chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles (CMNPs). The morphological and size distribution analysis of the different magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was done using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the average diameter was 11.07u2009±u20093.04, 11.55u2009±u20093.16, and 11.59u2009±u20093.16xa0nm for MNPs, CMNPs, and fabricated nanobiocatalyst, respectively, suggesting that there was no significant change in the size of MNPs after coating and binding. The characteristic peaks occurred at 2θ of 30.39, 35.43, 43.37, 57.22, and 62.9, and their corresponding indices 220, 311, 400, 520, and 441 for different MNPs from the X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies confirmed the presence of Fe3O4 with the spinel structure, and there was no phase change even after coating and binding. The various required characteristic absorption peaks (575, 585, 1,563, 1,614, 1,651, and 1,653xa0cm−1) from Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy confirmed the surface modifications and binding of pectinase onto the MNPs. At the weight ratio of about 19.8u2009×u200910−3xa0mg bound pectinase/mg activated CMNPs, the activity of fabricated nanobiocatalyst was found to be maximum. In order to monitor their improved activity, the pH, temperature, reusability, storage ability, and kinetic studies were established.

Indigenously acclimatized bacterial consortium for anthracene biotransformation

ABSTRACT A bacterial consortium was screened from the soil exposed to frequent petroleum spills and was employed to degrade and detoxify anthracene at normal operating parameters under static condition. The anthracene degradation was facilitated by the bacterial cells mediated metabolism and biodegradation was confirmed by the different spectral and chromatographic techniques. The distinct products of biotransformation were due to the enzymatic activity of the bacterial consortium.

Cellulase-mediated saccharification of lignocellulosic-rich pseudostem of Musa cavendish for bio-ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae MTCC 4779

ABSTRACT The present work reports the crude cellulase production using Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain MTCC 4779 and utilization of the crude enzyme in the hydrolysis of Musa cavendish pseudostem. The lignocellulosic-rich pseudostem was enzymatically hydrolyzed to glucose, which was further utilized by S. cerevisiae to produce bio-ethanol, and the distilled product had a concentration of 0.34 g/L. Conclusively, the presence of bio-ethanol was confirmed by qualitative analysis using gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detection (GC-FID).

Bioethanol from saccharificed lignocellulosic rich Aloe vera rinds using Saccharomyces cerevisiae MTCC 4779

ABSTRACT The present investigation deals with the exploration of a novel feedstock for the production of bioethanol from the lignocellulosic-rich biomass. The feedstocks used in this study were namely the peels of Borassus flabellifer and Allium sativum, flower waste, leaves of Artocarpus heterophyllus and rinds of Aloe vera. Among them, A. vera rinds were found to be a better option and the acid-hydrolyzed dried A. vera rinds had the sugar concentration of 1.92 mg/mL. The rinds were further saccharificed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae MTCC 4779 to produce bioethanol. The feedstock and the product were characterized using the analytical techniques, and 9.6 mg/mL of bioethanol was found after distillation.

An indigenous nosocomial opportunistic pathogen in the degradation of tannery effluent

An indigenous bacterial strain was isolated to degrade the tannery effluent with a drastic reduction in the chemical oxygen demand (COD) level. The isolated strain was identified as uncultured Enterobacter sp. clone NAPY by 16SrRNA gene sequencing. The genus Enterobacter is known to be a nosocomial opportunistic pathogen and often causes hospital-acquired infections. Despite of bearing the ability to cause infections, the culture reduced the COD level from 1427 to 371 (mg/L) which is 74% COD reduction after 28 h of incubation under static condition. UV-Vis spectrophotometric, fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic and thin layer chromatographic (TLC) analyses confirmed the degradation of the tannery effluent by the uncultured Enterobacter sp. clone NAPY.

Role of Bacterial Consortia in Bioremediation of Textile Recalcitrant Compounds

The increasing industrial demand for remediating the textile wastewater in an effective way has led to the pervasive acceptance of bioremediation. Bioremediation techniques such as bioaccumulation, biosorption, bioaugmentation, and biodegradation utilize the biological systems to treat the textile effluents containing the recalcitrant dye molecules. Bioremediation is known to be environmentally reliable and is an alternative to the conventional decomposition techniques with the prerequisite to fulfill the efficacy and economic viability. Among the aforementioned bio-remedial measures, biodegradation of the textile dyes is the trustworthy industrial application. Biodegradation of dyes can be achieved using single bacterial strains and co-cultures/consortia. The consortial systems are proven to be advantageous over a single strain as they involve an inductive synergistic mechanism among the co-existing strains. As a result of this co-metabolism, there is a formation of different intermediate metabolites such as toxic aromatic amines which are furthermore mineralized by the other bacterial strains in the consortia.

Synthesis of iron nano-catalyst using Acalypha indica leaf extracts for biogas production from mixed liquor volatile suspended solids

ABSTRACT A simple, rapid and eco-friendly procedure was adopted to synthesize iron nano-catalyst (FeNCs) using the leaf extracts of Acalypha indica. The effectiveness of synthesized FeNCs was evaluated for the biogas production from mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS). The FeNCs were characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope and X-Ray Diffraction. The catalytic activity of the synthesized additives of FeNCs during the anaerobic process showed a drastic reduction in the hydraulic retention time of 6days for biogas production 85–90%. This study also showed a significant increase in the total biogas production when MLVSS supplemented with 0.3 g/L FeNCs. The aforementioned additive yielded 0.345 (L/g volatile solids reduced) biogas which is relatively lesser (63%) when compared with the control 0.25 (L/g VS reduced) and their bulk salts 0.055 (L/g VS reduced).

Assessment of Antimicrobial Property of a Secondary Metabolite Produced by an Enriched Bacterial Culture Isolated from Soil

The soil harbors diverse microorganisms which are more beneficial. The microorganisms produce many secondary metabolites which are commercially exploited in many applications. The antibiotic is an important secondary metabolite which is secreted by the soil microorganisms. Hence our research focuses on the screening and isolation of potential secondary metabolites producing organism from the soil. The antimicrobial activity was assessed by Kirby Disc diffusion method and the extract had good inhibition activity against both bacterial and fungal pathogenic organisms. The sample extract showed maximal antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger with 24 mm (zone of clearance).