Maeve Henchion

Irish consumer preferences for honey: a conjoint approach

The ideal honey profile for 153 Irish consumers of honey was one with a thick texture, a dark golden colour, made by a small‐scale producer, at a price of IR£1.95 and packaged in a 454g (1lb) plain glass jar. Least squares regression was used to estimate part worths for the conjoint analysis. Using the scale attribute as a basis for segmentation three distinct segments were identified. Market simulation experiments simulated market shares for 11 products; the ideal products for each segment (three in total), two existing mass‐produced honeys, four from small‐scale local farm producers and one from a farm producer produced on a larger scale. The first cluster was the least price sensitive, with the most important attribute being small‐scale producer source. Mass‐produced honeys had a very small market share in this segment. The second cluster was distinguished by deriving a high utility from a light‐coloured honey. Again mass‐produced honeys had the smallest market share. In the first two clusters, in addition to some of the ideal products, honey/s from small‐scale producers had high market shares. The third cluster was the most price sensitive and the mass‐produced honeys commanded their largest market share in this segment. This segment also derived the highest utility of all segments from a honey produced on a mass scale. The results show that adjusting pricing and promotional approaches could increase market share for honey producers.

Logistics customer service: performance of Irish food exporters

Customer service in logistics, through its direct impact on a firm’s market share, its total logistics costs and ultimately its profitability, is a critical determinant of competitiveness. Examines what customer service means from a logistics perspective and traces out UK retailers’ changing requirements. It provides the results of a survey which investigates the importance UK grocery retailers place on particular elements of customer service and assesses Irish food exporters’ relative performance, vis‐a‐vis their competitors on the UK market. A comparison of these results with previous research by the same authors concerned with Irish food exporters’ internal measurement of customer service finds that Irish food exporters are perceived to lack flexibility by their grocery customers and that internal measures of customer service are limited. Furthermore, the measures exporters employ for monitoring purposes are not appropriately aligned with those logistics variables which UK retailers consider important. Reconfiguring the supply chain with respect to inventory location is found to be one means of improving perceived flexibility.

Regional imagery and quality products: the Irish experience

Regional imagery is increasingly being recognised as having a commercial value for the products of under‐developed areas. It provides a subjective source of quality differentiation. Results of a consumer survey in Ireland indicate that region of origin is an important consideration for two out of three consumers when deciding to buy quality products and that products from rural areas are generally perceived to be of high quality. However, the links between region and quality products are under‐developed as indicated by the fact that Ireland is seen as a single region and the low level of awareness for selected regional labels. The development of territorial linkages must be based on geographical sub‐divisions of relevance to consumers and must be carefully managed to avoid unnecessary competition and duplication of effort. Discusses the use of regional imagery, reviews the meaning of quality, and presents the results of a survey of Irish consumers focusing on their perceptions and behaviour in relation to regional quality products. It also draws some conclusions and makes recommendations of relevance to policy makers and local development agencies in particular.

The use of the internet as a marketing channel for Irish speciality food

Purpose – Online shopping is one of the most rapidly growing forms of shopping and provides a global shop window for producers who wish to sell and market their products. This paper seeks to investigate the internet as an alternative distribution channel for Irish producers of speciality food products.Design/methodology/approach – Primary data collection involved consumer focus groups, a producer web audit, producer depth interviews and an e‐mailed online producer survey.Findings – Consumers of speciality food appear to trade off the convenience and variety potentially available with online shopping for the sales experience associated with more traditional outlets, particularly speciality food outlets and direct sales channels. Nonetheless, the internet can be a significant sales channel for some speciality food producers with products of specific attributes, e.g. high value goods, and products with elaborate and gift‐oriented packaging and for those targeting consumers with previous purchase experience. ...

Market Access and Competitiveness Issues for Food Smes in Europe's Lagging Rural Regions (Lrrs)

Purpose – Assessment of food supply chains from small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) is of central importance to lagging rural regions (LRRs) across Europe given the significance of such enterprises to rural areas. This paper aims to examine the most important influences on the food supply chain across 12 European LRRs and then examine the impact of a number of supply chain issues on food SMEs in Ireland.Design/methodology/approach – A Delphi study, complimented by literature reviews followed by in‐depth interviews, were used to examine the current and future factors influencing the operations of food supply chains relating to food SMEs in selected LRRs in Europe.Findings – Consumers, followed by retailers, were identified as the most important influences on food supply chains across the 12 European LRRs studied. Primary producers were seen as being in a very weak position. Of the supply chain issues examined in Ireland, food safety, distribution and innovation were identified as key issues in marke...

Trust and economic relationships in selected European agrifood chains

Abstract The role of trust in eight selected agrifood chains in four EU countries is explored. The empirical analysis is based on a qualitative assessment of 28 expert interviews conducted in summer/autumn 2005. In particular, the connection between perceived trust levels and the prevailing type of vertical economic relationships are explored from the perspectives of farmers, processors and retailers. The findings suggest that trust is more pronounced among SMEs, which are characterized by the existence of personal relationships between business partners. However, as is clear for pork breeders, if a source of distrust exists, trust may not fully develop. Also, if the general economic situation is difficult, the development of trust may be hampered, because all chain participants are struggling to command a share of a diminishing margin within the chain. Finally, if economic power is distributed unevenly, as is the case in Germany, Ireland, Spain and the UK where retailers dominate most chains, trust of the more powerful may be limited.

Social capital and knowledge sharing performance of learning networks

Formalized coordination mechanisms help to develop both social interaction and trust.Social interaction is important for the development of cognitive social capital.Social interaction and cognitive social capital promote knowledge sharing in networks.Network level performance assessment should adopt both firm and network perspectives. The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the relationship between the social capital accumulated among network members and the performance of learning networks in terms of their ability to enhance knowledge sharing among network members. A network level perspective guided the sampling strategy adopted for this survey involving 150 members of 16 European learning networks. Hierarchical multiple regression and structural equation modelling were employed to investigate the inter-relationships between dimensions of social capital and knowledge sharing in learning networks. The results reveal that social interaction and cognitive social capital are positively and significantly related to knowledge sharing in learning networks. Social interaction is also shown to play an important role in the development of shared vision and shared language (i.e. cognitive social capital) in learning networks. This paper sheds further light on the inter-relationships between different dimensions of social capital from a network (rather than firm) level perspective, and contributes to emerging theory on the antecedents to, and assessment of, performance in learning network entities.

Future Protein Supply and Demand: Strategies and Factors Influencing a Sustainable Equilibrium

A growing global population, combined with factors such as changing socio-demographics, will place increased pressure on the world’s resources to provide not only more but also different types of food. Increased demand for animal-based protein in particular is expected to have a negative environmental impact, generating greenhouse gas emissions, requiring more water and more land. Addressing this “perfect storm” will necessitate more sustainable production of existing sources of protein as well as alternative sources for direct human consumption. This paper outlines some potential demand scenarios and provides an overview of selected existing and novel protein sources in terms of their potential to sustainably deliver protein for the future, considering drivers and challenges relating to nutritional, environmental, and technological and market/consumer domains. It concludes that different factors influence the potential of existing and novel sources. Existing protein sources are primarily hindered by their negative environmental impacts with some concerns around health. However, they offer social and economic benefits, and have a high level of consumer acceptance. Furthermore, recent research emphasizes the role of livestock as part of the solution to greenhouse gas emissions, and indicates that animal-based protein has an important role as part of a sustainable diet and as a contributor to food security. Novel proteins require the development of new value chains, and attention to issues such as production costs, food safety, scalability and consumer acceptance. Furthermore, positive environmental impacts cannot be assumed with novel protein sources and care must be taken to ensure that comparisons between novel and existing protein sources are valid. Greater alignment of political forces, and the involvement of wider stakeholders in a governance role, as well as development/commercialization role, is required to address both sources of protein and ensure food security.

The impact of coupled‐consolidation: experiences from the Irish food industry

The Irish food industry is of significant importance to the Irish economy. Given its dependence on UK multiple retailers, their supply chain management practices have considerable implications for the whole of the Irish economy. Retailers’ attempts at improving efficiency at their regional distribution centres have resulted in the growing use of consolidation centres whereby food products from several manufacturers are consolidated into full loads for delivery into RDCs. Results of three case studies suggest that the use of a particular form of consolidation (i.e. coupled‐consolidation where in‐bound logistics are coupled with consolidation services) results in the imposition of costs, especially in terms of lost flexibility, to food manufacturers. The distribution of these costs is asymmetric, with smaller firms bearing the greater costs.

A Double-Hurdle Model of Irish Households' Food Service Expenditure Patterns

The aim of this article is to analyze the various factors fueling demand for food-away-from-home in Ireland. The two largest components of this industry, the quick-service sector (fast food and takeaway) and the full-service sector (hotel and restaurant meals), are analyzed using the most recently available Household Budget Survey data for Ireland. Based on a model of household production, the results from a Box-Cox double hurdle model indicate that different variables affect expenditure in each sector in different ways. Income has a greater effect on full-service expenditure than on quick service. Similarly, households that are health conscious indicate a greater preference for full-service meals whereas households with higher time values indicate a greater preference for quick service. Households of a higher social class and those with higher education levels also appear to favor full-service expenditure. In addition, younger, urbanized households favor quick-service meal options. The results emphasize the merits of adopting a disaggregated approach to analyzing food service expenditure patterns.