Magdalena Jastrzębska

New phosphorus biofertilizers from renewable raw materials in the aspect of cadmium and lead contents in soil and plants

Abstract Recycling phosphorus from waste for fertilization purposes appears to be an alternative for non-renewable sources and a solution for managing harmful products of civilisation. Fertilizers from secondary raw materials are considered to be safe to the environment. This study presents an assessment of the effects of five new biofertilizers made from sewage sludge ash and/or animal bones on the content of cadmium and lead in the soil, in wheat grains and straw (test plant), in the mass of the the accompanying weeds and in the post-harvest residues. Biofertilizers were produced in the form of suspension or granules and activated using Bacillus megaterium or Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans bacteria. They were tested in four field experiments. The Cd and Pb contents of the soil and plant material were determined using the ICP-MS technique. Similar to superphosphate, new biofertilizers showed no change in the Cd and Pb contents of the soil and plants biomass when applied at amounts up to 80 kg; P2O5 ha−1. Both Cd and Pb in the soil and plants occurred naturally, and the amounts were within the acceptable standards. Biofertilizers from renewable raw materials, with low toxic element contents, are not thought to pose a hazard to the soil and plants when applied in reasonable amounts. They can be a substitute for conventional phosphorus fertilizers.

Ocena właściwości użytkowych zawiesinowego bionawozu fosforowego z popiołu. Cz. 2, Wpływ na akumulację biomasy i cechy fizjologiczne pszenicy jarej

Badania byly finansowane ze środkow grantu PBS 2/A1/11/2013, pt.: Odnawialne źrodla fosforu – bazą surowcową nowej generacji nawozow, przyznanego przez Narodowe Centrum Badan i Rozwoju.

Ocena właściwości użytkowych bionawozów fosforowych z popiołu i kości. Cz. 1, Wpływ na wybrane cechy morfologiczne oraz zdrowotność pszenicy

Badania byly finansowane ze środkow grantu PBS 2/A1/11/2013 „Odnawialne źrodla fosforu – bazą surowcową nowej generacji nawozow”, przyznanego przez Narodowe Centrum Badan i Rozwoju.

Evaluation of functional properties of ash and bone-based phosphorus biofertilizers. Part 1. Impact on selected morphological attributes and the health of spring wheat

Badania byly finansowane ze środkow grantu PBS 2/A1/11/2013 „Odnawialne źrodla fosforu – bazą surowcową nowej generacji nawozow”, przyznanego przez Narodowe Centrum Badan i Rozwoju.

Effect of a sowing regime and water conditions on nitrogen content and accumulation in the aerial biomass of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)

Competitive interactions are common in plant communities, but the underlying mechanisms and effects of competition have not been fully elucidated to date. A pot experiment (3 series in 20092011) was conducted to evaluate the effect of a sowing method of spring barley and Italian ryegrass, and different water condition on the nitrogen (N) content and accumulation in the aerial biomass of plants at different stages. The experimental factors were as follows: 1) sowing regime – pure sowing and mixed sowing – spring barley undersown with Italian ryegrass, 2) water supply – plants supplied with water to meet their full requirements and 50% water supply reduction. The N content of the aerial biomass of plants was determined at five phenological development stages of spring barley grown in a pure stand under optimal soil moisture conditions: leaf development, tillering, stem elongation, heading and ripening. Nitrogen uptake was determined based on the N content and dry matter accumulation in plants. Nitrogen concentrations in the aerial biomass of barley and ryegrass varied throughout the growing season. Nitrogen content was particularly high in leaves, and it decreased steadily during plant development. Neither the sowing regime nor the water supply exerted significant effects on the N content of the aerial biomass of spring barley. In Italian ryegrass, under optimal water supply, mixed sowing with spring barley decreased N concentrations in shoots only during tillering. In spring barley, mixed sowing reduced N uptake by biomass, and the observed decrease was exacerbated under water deficit. In Italian ryegrass, reduced water supply decreased N uptake, but the effect of competitive interactions between the analyzed species was usually stronger than the influence of water deficit. Differences in N accumulation in aerial biomass were determined by the dr hab. inż. Marta K. Kostrzewska, Chair of Agroecosystems, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-718 Olsztyn, Pl. Łódzki 3, e-mail: marta.kostrzewska@uwm.edu.pl * The study was supported financially by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education in 2009-2012 (grant No. N N310 082836).