Magnus I. Gregersen

Cell volume, plasma volume, total blood volume and Fcells factor in the rhesus monkey

Forty-two simultaneous measurements of plasma and cell volume with T-1824 and P32 were made on 18 normal monkeys ranging in weight from 3.4 to 7.1 kg. Nine determinations were made on two animals a...

Effect of circulatory states on determinations of blood volume

T HE blood volume is the sum of the volume of plasma and volume of cells in the circulatory system. The technics that have been devised for estimating blood volume in the living animal or in man depend on the measurement of the volume distribution of a known amount of some suitable test substance introduced into the blood stream. The test substances fall into two categories: i One group, exemplified by T-1824, is distributed in the plasma. The other includes substances such as carbon monoxide which when inhaled labels the red cells, or 32P with which a known quantity of red cells may be labelled and injected to determine the cell volume. The total blood volume is customarily calculated either from the measured plasma volume or from the cell volume and from the proportion of cells or plasma in the venous blood by the following simple formulas:

The Effect of Total-Body X-Irradiation on the Circulation of Splenectomized Dogs

Superficially the syndrome observed in dogs (1) after fatal X-irradiation resembles that reported in traumatic and hemorrhagic shock (2, 3). The circulatory changes in radiation shock, however, have not been so thoroughly studied as have those in other types of shock. To be sure, a fall in blood pressure has been observed in rats 2 to 5 hours after X-irradiation (4, 5), but this early change is not shown by dogs (6). In these animals large doses of irradiation which are fatal in 3 to 8 days produce a terminal reaction characterized by elevated body temperature, a rapid heart rate, and lowered blood pressure (7, 8). In the present study, the changes in the cardiovascular system (cardiac output, systolic and diastolic pressures, venous pressure, and heart rate), respiratory system (pulmonary ventilation, blood gases), and metabolism (02 consumption, C02 production, R.Q., body weight, food and water intake) were measured at intervals in splenectomized dogs, before and after exposure to lethal doses of total-body Xirradiation. These physiological changes were correlated with the clinical observations and pathological findings. A dosage of 1000 r was selected because the effects are reproducible, the survival time is predictable within narrow limits, and the course of the changes in blood volume is known (1, 9).

Studies on the Chemical Composition of the Central Nervous System in Relation to the Effects of X-Irradiation and of Disturbances in Water and Salt Balance: II. Effects of X-Irradiation on the Chemical Composition of Brain Tissues in Dogs

Since high dosage of X-irradiation given to the head can directly impair the functions of brain tissues (1), it seems logical to look for some biochemical basis for such functional disturbances. In the literature there are reports on the effects of X-irradiation on the water content of the brain (2, 3). However, these studies were done on the analysis of whole brain. As pointed out in an accompanying paper (4), the chemical compositions of the various parts of the brain are so different that the results of the analysis of whole brain are of questionable significance. Since normal values have been obtained on several brain tissues with very small variances (4), and since deviations in appropriate directions from these normal values can be demonstrated with disturbance of water and electrolyte balance (5), it was decided to use the same techniques to analyze for the chemical composition of brain tissues of dogs subjected to X-irradiation. It was hoped that such information would aid in the understanding of the chemical basis for the functional manifestations seen after X-irradiation.

Effect of Histamine on Fcells Value in Splenectomized Dog.

Summary From 1/2 to 2 hours after subcutaneous injection of histamine (3.0–4.7 mg/kg) the average FcellsFactor of splenectomized dogs decreased to 0.78 from the control value of 0.87.

Blood volume, bleeding volume and tolerance to hemorrhage in the splenectomized dog

The relation between blood volume reduction and survival was studied in 28 experiments on 20 splenectomized dogs using Walcotts bleed-out and replacement procedure for adjusting the blood volume t...