Mahmoud A. Al-Qudah

Essential oil composition of the aerial parts of fresh and air-dried Salvia palaestina Benth. (Lamiaceae) growing wild in Jordan

The composition of the essential oil of fresh and air-dried Salvia palaestina Benth. (Lamiaceae) growing wild in Jordan has been studied using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. The essential oils of fresh and air-dried S. palaestina were mainly composed of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (52.66% and 65.98%, respectively). The major component detected in the oils of fresh and dry S. palaestina was germacrene D (21.18% and 26.02%, respectively). Air drying resulted in a general increase of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and a great decrease in the percentage of monoterpene hydrocarbons.

GC-MS Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil Isolated from Wild Artemisia herba-alba Grown in South Jordan

Background: There is a high variability in chemical composition of essential oil from Artemisia herba-alba grown in different countries and different localities in the same country. This has led to the characterization of many oil-dependent chemotypes assigned to the plant. Only one report was published on the essential oil composition of Artemisia herba-alba grown in Jordan. Aim: The current study aims to determines the essential oil composition of Artemisia herba-alba grown wild in south Jordan and test their activity against clinical isolate antibiotics resistant bacteria. Methodology: The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation and analysed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The screening for essential oil activity was carried out using disc diffusion method on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus , methicillin-sensitive

Effects of wild Thymus vulgaris essential oil on clinical isolates biofilm-forming bacteria

Background: A biofilm is group of bacteria embedded in a self-produced matrix made of polysaccharide and protein. Bacterial biofilms cause chronic infections because they show increased tolerance to antibiotics and disinfectant chemicals as well as resisting phagocytosis. Biofilm bacteria show much greater resistance to antibiotics than their free-living counterparts. Essential oils are a cheap and effective alternative to antibiotics that could be used to combat antibiotics resistant microorganisms. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of essential oil of wild Thymus vulgaris grown in Jordan on biofilm-forming clinical bacterial isolates. Results: All of the isolates included in this study were able to produce a stable biofilm that adhered to polystyrene microwells. Thymus vulgaris essential oil produced inhibitory effects against all isolates with considerable variation in susceptibility. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and biofilm inhibitory concentration (BIC) values varied between 0.0625 to 2% v/v. Isolate 6 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) was the most resistant for both planktonic and biofilm growth while isolate 4 Escherichia coli was the most sensitive. Isolate 6 was the only isolate to exhibit a specific biofilm-related response to Thymus vulgaris essential oil i.e. the minimum Thymus vulgaris essential oil concentration needed to inhibit biofilm adherence was much lower than that required to inhibit planktonic growth. For the remaining isolates, BIC for the biofilm did not differ from the MIC for planktonic. Thymus vulgaris essential oil was able to inhibit Pseudomonas aeruginosa adherence to polystyrene. Conclusions The MIC and BIC values of Thymus vulgaris essential oil show that the essential oil has strong antibacterial and antibiofilm activity. Thymus vulgaris was able to inhibit biofilm formation in the most tolerant isolate at sub-inhibitory concentrations.

Inhibition of Copper Corrosion by Flavonoids in Nitric Acid

A study has been made to investigate the effect of some substituted flavonoids on copper dissolution in 2.0 M HNO3 for 4.0 hours at different temperatures by the weight loss method. Percentage of inhibition increases as concentration of the flavonoids increases and reaches a maximum value, due to the formation of a monolayer film on the surface of the metal. 92% Inhibition was observed in some of these flavonoids. As temperature increases, percentage of inhibition decreases. Energy of activations were deduced and discussed.

Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from Aerial Parts of Sisymbrium Irio from Jordan

The volatile compounds obtained from Sisymbrium irio growing in Jordan has been analyzed by GC-MS. The major constituents are dioctyladipate (25.44%), N-(n-proyl) acetamide (14.77%), isopropyl isothiocyanate (11.55%), isobutyl isothiocyanate (6.75%), 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol (6.52%),cis-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid (6.30%), heptacosane (3.89%), palmitic acid (3.45%),n-butyl isothiocyanate (2.85 %) and dimethoxyacetophenone (2.54 %).

Antioxidant Activity and Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from Jordanian Ononis Natrix L. and Ononis Sicula Guss.

Abstract The antioxidant activity of the essential oils obtained from Ononis Natrix L. and Ononis Sicula Guss were investigated by the DPPH and ATBS methods. The oils exhibited good to moderate antioxidant activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Essential oils of the two plants were analyzed by GC and GC- MS. Seventy-seven components (95.60 %) were characterized in the essential oil of O. Sicula. The oil was rich in oxygenated sesquiterpenes (66.29 %), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (20.10 %) including selin-11-en-4-α-ol (12.76 %) and α-selinene (6.27 %) as the major constituents. From the 85 identified compounds (97.11 %) in the oil of O. Natrix (2E,6E)-farnesol (18.83 %), dodecanal (12.58 %) and 2-phenyl ethyl tiglate (5.20 %) were the main constituents.

New flavonol glycoside from Scabiosa prolifera L. aerial parts with in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activities

Abstract Phytochemical investigation of the chemical constituents of the aerial parts of Scabiosa prolifera L. led to the isolation of one new flavonol glycoside, kaempferol-3-O-(4″,6″-di-E-p-coumaroyl)-β-D-galactopyranoside (1), along with ten other known compounds including luteolin-7-O-(2″-O-ethyl-β-glucopyranoside), β-sitosterol, β-sitosterylglucoside, ursolic acid, corosolic acid, ursolic acid 3-O-β-D-arabinopyranoside, apigenin, methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside, luteolin-7-O-β-glucopyranoside and isoorientin. The structures of all isolated compounds were established using chemical methods and spectroscopic methods including IR, UV, NMR (1D and 2D) and HRESIMS. All compounds were isolated for the first time from the plant. The antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of compounds 1 and 2 were also investigated.

Two new taraxasterol-type triterpenes from Pergularia tomentosa growing wild in Algeria

Two new triterpenes of the taraxasterol skeleton are isolated for the first time form Pergularia tomentosa L. of Algerian origin. The new compounds were named pergularine A (7) and pergularine B (8). In addition, eight known compounds were isolated from the plant including oleic acid, (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoic acid, α-amyrin, 3-acetyltaraxasterol, 3-taraxasterol, 16α-hydroxytaraxasterol-3-acetate, 3-epi-micromeric acid, and (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoic acid glucoside. All known compounds are isolated for the first time from P. tomentosa L.

Chemical constituents of Sisymbrium irio L. from Jordan

Investigation of the aerial parts of Sisymbrium irio L. (Cruciferea) collected in northern Jordan afforded two new compounds, sitosteryl-6′-O-undecanoate-β-D-glucoside (1) and (Z)-8,11,12-trihydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid (2), in addition to 12 known compounds, 10 of which are reported for the first time from the plant. The structures of all of the compounds were established by spectroscopic and chemical methods.

Volatile Oil Composition and Antiplatelet Activity of Jordanian Achillea biebersteinii Collected at Different Growth Stages

Abstract Achillea biebersteinii Afan. (Asteraceae) is used as a traditional medicine for healing wounds and in the treatment of abdominal pain and stomach ache. Fresh and air dried flowering parts of A. biebersteinii at different growth stages were subjected to hydro-distillation and the different essential oils obtained were analyzed by GC-MS technique. Monoterpenoids dominated the different flowering stages of both, fresh and air dried flowering parts. The fresh pre-flowering stage was dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons (56.62 %) with α-terpinene as the major component (51.67 %). Oxygenated monoterpenes were detected as the principal constituents during both, the fresh flowering and fresh post-flowering stages (55.61 %, 56.45 %, respectively). The major representatives of this class included ascaridol (38.84 %) and iso-ascaridol (25.39 %). Oxygenated monoterpenes dominated all flowering stages of the air-dried blooms and ascaridol was the main volatile compound in these oils (28.20 %, 27.03 % and 44.39 %, respectively). The oil of the dried mature flowering blooms of A. biebersteinii exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of the platelet aggregation caused by ADP and collagen.