Mahmoud Bady

Identification of Pollution Sources in Urban Areas Using Reverse Simulation with Reversed Time Marching Method

Abstract The present research introduces a technique to determine the location of pollution sources in urban areas through the use of inverse CFD modeling. The technique depends primarily on the solution of the transport equation with time integration in the negative direction. This is called the Reversed Time Marching Method (RTMM). In order to examine the accuracy of RTMM in identifying pollution sources, two examples were given. In the first one, a simple laminar flow was considered and a pollutant was emitted for variable wind conditions. In the second example, the wind flow around a single building was investigated for two different sources. Steady-state numerical simulations were carried out at first in order to estimate flow fields. Then, forward-time simulation was used to calculate pollutant concentrations. In the last stage, the scalar transport equation was solved again but with a reversed flow field and negative diffusion term. By using peak concentration, one could identify the source of the pollution. Results of the study demonstrated that RTMM can identify pollution sources in urban areas with a satisfactory degree of accuracy. However, more work is needed to decrease the wide spread of the concentration field around source location to facilitates the source identification.

Moving towards an Egyptian national life cycle inventory database

PurposeLife cycle inventory (LCI) data are region-specific because energy fuel mixtures and methods of production often differ from region to region. LCI database examples include US LCI, Ecoinvent v.2, and NIST, each of which is country-specific. Thus, the main aim of this study is to show that Egypt is in need of an Egyptian National LCI (ENLCI) database and to focus on the means of developing a database specific to Egypt.MethodsArab countries have thus far engaged in virtually no life cycle assessment (LCA) studies, and a significant neglect of this matter is in evidence for the continent of Africa and, in particular, Egypt. Thus, this study suggests an organizational and managerial framework for the development of a national LCI database and sheds light on the required LCI database categories and data quality for practical solutions reflecting who is equipped to do what in order to keep pace with the world.ResultsThe results from this review are useful to standardize the study of the life cycle assessment concept in Egypt; to form a foundation for development of an Egyptian database for facilitating a cleaner environment; to encourage stakeholders, such as the environmental agencies, Egyptian Housing and Building Research Center, and the Ministry of Industry; to propose an organizational framework in which they play a central role; and to provide investment to initiate development.ConclusionsThe analysis indicates that the development of a LCI database specific to Egypt is difficult because Egypt has various technical and organizational challenges, but a roadmap of actions to be taken to move ahead is provided. The success of this roadmap depends on the capacity for developing the necessary technical and financial support and on strong partnerships with industry, government, LCA professionals, and academia.

Review of transport emission modeling and monitoring in urban areas — Challenge for developing countries

Emissions from represent a major component of airborne pollution. Transportation emission models are part of the modeling process of transportation planning. It introduces an important tool for the environmental evaluation of different transportation scenarios. Worldwide, there are several emission models. These models are categories to static and dynamic models. It depends on the amount of available data for the emission modeling. Monitoring emissions in a study area is also an important tool of validating such emission models. In this paper, an analysis and comparison between transport emission models are used in estimating emissions from road traffic systems in urban areas has been introduced. The paper discusses the limitations and potentials of each type of transport emission models. The difficulties against applying these models in developing countries are also discussed. The study also determines the required steps towards realistic modeling of emission from transportation systems in developing countries. Moreover, different methods used for road traffic emission monitoring have been investigated.