Mahua Upadhyay

Studies on the additive performance of liquid crystal blended polyacrylate in lubricating oil

Homopolymer of decyl acrylate (D) was synthesised, characterised (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)) and evaluated for its additive performance as antiwear (AW), pour point depressant (PPD) and viscosity modifier (VM). Physical blends of the polymer were also made with three different types of liquid crystals (each containing three samples), evaluated and the results were compared. The study indicated that additive performances (AW, VM and PPD) of the blended composites were much better in comparison to the homopolymer of polydecyl acrylates.

Isodecyl acrylate - olive oil copolymers as potential biodegradable additive for lubricating oil

The use of greener additives based on vegetable oils in the formulation of bio-lubricant has attracted considerable interest due to their biocompatibility and enhanced multifunctional performances compared to conventional additives. Working in this direction and in an anticipation of introducing biodegradability in to the acrylate based additive system, copolymers of isodecyl acrylate with olive oil have been synthesized by thermal method using BPO (benzoyl peroxide) as radical initiator. Characterization of the prepared polymers has been performed by spectral (NMR, IR), and SEC-GPC analysis. Performance evaluation of the polymers as pour point depressant (PPD), and viscosity modifier/viscosity index improver (VII) in different base oils (mineral) have been performed by standard ASTM methods. Biodegradability of the prepared additives was tested against fungal pathogens and microorganisms by disc diffusion (DD) method and by soil burial test (SBT) method respectively. Thermal stability of each of them has been evaluated and included. The multifunctional performances have been compared and reported. The copolymers showed potential multifunctional additive performance as viscosity modifier and pour point depressant along with excellent biodegradability.

Multifunctional biodegradable lube oil additives: Synthesis, characterization, and performance evaluation

ABSTRACT Copolymers of different concentration of decyl acrylate and 1-decene with rice bran oil were prepared and their characterization was carried out by spectral (NMR, IR), thermogravimetric, and gel permeation chromatography analysis. Performance evaluation of them in lube oil indicates that the polymers effectively act as pour point depressant and viscosity modifier. The viscosity index and pour point values depend on the nature of mineral base oils, polymer type, and also on the concentration of the additives in solution. Biodegradability test was also carried out and as anticipated, the rice bran oil–copolymers showed excellent biodegradable nature among the additives.

Multifunctional Additive Performance of Liquid Crystal Blended Polydecylacrylate in Lubricating Oil

A comparative study of additive performance (viscosity modifier [VM], pour point depressant [PPD], and anti wear [AW]) of homo polydecylacrylate (D) and its blend with three different types of liquid crystals (each containing three samples) has been performed. Very low concentrations (100 ppm) of liquid crystals are used in this study and processes include synthesis of D, characterization (FT-IR, NMR) and evaluation. A comparison based on performances has been made among the three different series of liquid crystals (LC) blended homo polydecylacrylate (D). The study indicates the LC blended additives are far better in AW performance compare to only D and their VM and PPD properties are comparable with D and amongst all the three series of liquid crystals, AW performance is better for long alkyl chain length sample. Multifunctional additive performance of this kind of LC blended polyacrylate is reporting for the first time.

Synthesis and performance evaluation of vegetable oil polymer as a multifunctional lube oil additive

Abstract The development and utilization of vegetable oils for polymeric materials are currently in the spotlight of the polymer and chemical industry. In this work homopolymer of palm oil and copolymer of it’s with decyl acrylate was prepared and their characterisation was carried out by spectral method, thermogravimitric analysis and gel permeation chromatography method. Performance of these polymers was evaluated by standard ASTM method in base oil. Biodegradability test of polymers was also carried out and shows excellent positive results. A comparison of their performances has also been evaluated and reported.

Dodecylmethacrylate – olive oil copolymers as potential biodegradable pour point depressant for lubricating oil

ABSTRACT The application of greener additives based on vegetable oils has attracted considerable interest due to their biocompatibility and enhanced additive performances compared to conventional additives. Keeping this view in mind and in continuation of our explorative studies on lube oil additives, copolymer of dodecylmethacrylate with olive oil have been synthesized in a focused mono-mode microwave oven using BZP (benzoyl peroxide) as radical initiator. Characterization of the prepared polymers has been performed by spectral (NMR, IR), and SEC-GPC analysis. Performance evaluation of the polymers as pour point depressant (PPD), and viscosity modifier (VM) / viscosity index improver (VII) in different base oils (mineral) have been performed by standard ASTM methods. Biodegradability of the prepared additives was tested against fungal pathogens and microorganisms by disc diffusion (DD) method and by soil burial test (SBT) method respectively. Thermal stability of each of them has been evaluated and included. The multifunctional performances have been compared and reported. The copolymers showed excellent PPD performance along with VM properties and potential biodegradability.

β-Pinene – acrylate copolymer as a potential biodegradable multifunctional additives for lube oil

ABSTRACT Viscosity index improver (VII) and Pour point depressant (PPD) performances of the β-pinene based newly developed greener additives were tested in base oil in terms of viscosity index (VI) and pour point (PP), respectively. It is observed that, incorporation of β-pinene induces excellent biodegradability in the acrylate system. Among the two systems, β-pinene – dodecyl acrylate copolymers showed higher VI and pour point depression efficiency than the corresponding decyl acrylate copolymers. The study also indicated that VI and PP values of the additive doped base oils depend on the nature of mineral base oils as well as on the type and concentration of the additives. The synthesized copolymers of each of them with β-pinene (BP) were characterized by spectral, gel permeation chromatographic (GPC) and thermogravimetric analysis. For a comparison the respective homopolymers were also prepared under identical conditions and tested for VII and PPD properties in base oils by the standard ASTM methods. The biodegradability along with multifunctional additive performance showed potential for the copolymers for their industrial application as lube oil additives.

Liquid Crystal Blended Polyacrylate as a Potential Multifunctional Additive for Lube Oil

Polydecylacrylate (PDA) is synthesized, characterized (FT-IR and NMR), and evaluated for its performance as anti wear (AW), pour point depressant (PPD), viscosity modifier (VM), and thickening agent in lube oil of different compositions. In addition physical blend of it with liquid crystal (LC) of cholesteryl benzoate (CB) is also made and evaluated, and the data is compared. Molecular weight of the prepared polymer and that of it blends was determined by viscometric analysis. The blends showed better efficiency to act as multifunctional (AW, PPD, VM) additives compare to the pure homopolymer in lubricating oil.

Viscometric and Wear Performance of Methacrylate-based Lubricants

Methacrylate based lube oil additive of three different kinds viz, one homopolymer (polyhexadecyl methacrylate [PHDMA]) and two of its copolymers (HDMA-1-decene and HDMA-styrene) have been synthesized, characterized and investigated for their viscosity modifier (VM), antiwear (AW), and thickening performance at different concentrations in two different base oils. The VM properties in terms of viscosity index (VI), the AW properties through determination of wear scar diameter (WSD) using a four ball wear tester and thickening (i.e., rise in oil viscosity due to added polymer at a given polymer concentration was studied). The polymers studied have been found to show VM and AW properties under the experimental conditions. At a given polymer concentration thickening was found to increase in the order PHDMA-styrene > PHDMA-1-decene > PHDMA. The intrinsic viscosity, a measure of polymers hydrodynamic volume, showed a higher value in lower viscosity base stock, as compared to the higher viscosity oil in the case of homopolymer and PHDMA-1-decene copolymers. The decrease in viscosity with temperature followed the order PHDMA > PHDMA-1-decene > PHDMA-styrene; indicating a better viscosity index for the styrene copolymer (PHDMA-styrene).