Maira Sayuri Sakay Bortoletto

Prevalência de fatores de risco cardiovascular em pessoas com 40 anos ou mais de idade, em Cambé, Paraná (2011): estudo de base populacional

Objective: to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors by sex and socioeconomic status. Methods: cross-sectional population-based representative sample of people aged 40 or older, living in Cambe-PR. Household interviews were conducted, collecting anthropometric measurements and laboratory tests in the first half of 2011. Prevalence, prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Results: 1,180 people were interviewed. Most prevalent risk factors were physical inactivity during leisure (71.4%), overweight/obesity (68.3%), hypertension (55.9%) and low consumption of fruit (54.3%) and vegetables (35.5%). Overweight/obesity prevalence was lower among men compared to women (PR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73-0.92). Physical inactivity during leisure, as well as low fruit and vegetable consumption were more prevalent among men and women of lower socioeconomic classes. Conclusion: high cardiovascular disease risk factor prevalence was found, especially among individuals from lower socioeconomic classes.

Risk factors for foot ulcers—A cross sectional survey from a primary care setting in Brazil

AIMS To identify the prevalence of higher risk of foot ulceration and associated factors among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) at primary health care services. METHODS Individuals with DM, registered at primary health care services in a municipality in southern Brazil, were interviewed and underwent foot examinations. Their risk of ulceration was classified in accordance with the recommendations of the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot. Poisson bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. RESULTS The prevalence of higher risk of foot ulceration among the 337 interviewees was 27.9% (95% CI 23.1-32.9). The following factors were associated with this risk: having been diagnosed with DM for more than 10 years (Adjusted-PR 1.669; 95% CI 1.175-2.373; p=0.004); having had previous diagnoses of acute myocardial infarction (Adjusted-PR 1.873; 95% CI 1.330-2.638; p<0.001) and stroke (Adjusted-PR 1.684; 95% CI 1.089-2.604; p=0.019); presenting interdigital mycosis (Adjusted-PR 1.539; 95% CI 1.030-2.300; p=0.035) and calluses (Adjusted-PR 1.654; 95% CI 1.117-2.451; p=0.012). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of higher risk of ulceration was high, which reinforces the importance of continued education for health care professionals in order to prevent complications in the feet of these patients.

Simultaneidade de comportamentos de risco para a saúde e fatores associados em estudo de base populacional

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of simultaneous health-related behaviors and examine their association with sociodemographic and health conditions in the population aged 40 or older in a medium-sized city in southern Brazil.MethodsWe carried out a population-based study. The investigated risk behaviors were physical inactivity, irregular consumption of fruits and vegetables, smoking, and alcohol abuse. The dependent variables of the study were the sum of the exposure to risk behaviors and the possible two-by-two behavior combinations.ResultsAssociations were observed between all behaviors, except physical inactivity with alcohol abuse. In general, men presented a higher prevalence of three and four behaviors, as well as between the possible combinations of behaviors. The independent variables age, socioeconomic status, educational level, marital status, and perceived health were also associated with the investigated outcomes.ConclusionsWe suggest that policies and strategies to promote health focus broadly on behavior, and not be limited to specific actions for each isolated behavior.

Síndrome metabólica, componentes e fatores associados em adultos de 40 anos ou mais de um município da Região Sul do Brasil

Aims To estimate the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MS), its components and associated factors in adults aged 40 years or older. Methods Cross-sectional population-based study, with 1180 residents in a Southern Brazilian medium-sized municipality. We conducted household interviews, anthropometric measurements and laboratory tests. MS was defined according to the harmonized criteria of 2009. Sociodemographic, behavioral variables, and health services utilization were analyzed. The tests used were Chi-square, Fishers exact test and the Wald test in the analysis of multiple factors by Poisson regression. Results Among the respondents, 959 (81.3%) performed laboratory tests and anthropometric measures. The prevalence of MS was 53.7% higher in women and in older ages. The presence of five MS components was observed in 12.0% (women – 15.8%, men – 7.3%). Age was the only variable associated with MS after adjustments. Conclusion The high prevalence of MS and its components, different in each sex and age group, indicates the need for coping with collective action approaches and establishment of individual therapeutic goals.

Cognitive and Functional Decline among Individuals 50 Years of Age or Older in Cambé, Paraná, Brazil: A Population-Based Study

Aims: To identify the frequency of cognitive and functional decline (CFD) among adults 50 years of age and older by a population-based study. Methods: Cognitive function was analyzed by the Mini-Mental State Examination, and the functional conditions were based on instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Cases of CFD included individuals with cognitive decline and 2 or more compromised IADL. Results: A total of 693 individuals were studied. The frequency of CFD was 16.3%. A low socioeconomic profile was associated with greater CFD independent of gender, age, education, and presence of depression (OR = 2.46; 95% CI: 1.53-3.97). Conclusions: These data show a high frequency of CFD among adults 50 years and older. Individuals with less education and a lower socioeconomic level exhibited poorer cognitive and functional conditions.

Participação do setor público no fornecimento de medicamentos para dislipidemias em estudo de base populacional

Resumo A utilizacao de medicamentos para tratamento das dislipidemias e relevante no controle das doencas cardiovasculares. O objetivo deste artigo e analisar a prevalencia, a utilizacao e a participacao do setor publico no fornecimento de medicamentos para as pessoas a partir de 40 anos em farmacoterapia de controle das dislipidemias, residentes em um municipio da regiao Sul do Brasil. Estudo transversal de base populacional. Foram entrevistados no domicilio 1180 individuos a partir de 40 anos residentes em Cambe/PR, dos quais 967 realizaram exames laboratoriais. A prevalencia de dislipidemias foi de 69,2%, dos quais 16,1% utilizavam medicamentos. Entre os individuos em tratamento para as dislipidemias, 22,2% apresentaram resultados de exames adequados. Os farmacos hipolipemiantes mais utilizados foram sinvastatina (81,5%) e bezafibrato (6,5%), obtidos principalmente por pagamento direto em farmacias e drogarias privadas (52,2%) e servicos proprios do SUS (33,6%). Em nivel populacional a prevalencia das dislipidemias foi elevada, o seu controle baixo, com menor participacao do setor publico no fornecimento dos medicamentos do que a aquisicao mediante pagamento direto em farmacias e drogarias privadas, sugerindo alcance limitado das politicas publicas de controle das dislipidemias.