Majid Majeed Akbar

Pilot scale intensification of rubber seed (Hevea brasiliensis) oil via chemical interesterification using hydrodynamic cavitation technology

Chemical interesterification of rubber seed oil has been investigated for four different designed orifice devices in a pilot scale hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) system. Upstream pressure within 1-3.5bar induced cavities to intensify the process. An optimal orifice plate geometry was considered as plate with 1mm dia hole having 21 holes at 3bar inlet pressure. The optimisation results of interesterification were revealed by response surface methodology; methyl acetate to oil molar ratio of 14:1, catalyst amount of 0.75wt.% and reaction time of 20min at 50°C. HC is compared to mechanical stirring (MS) at optimised values. The reaction rate constant and the frequency factor of HC were 3.4-fold shorter and 3.2-fold higher than MS. The interesterified product was characterised by following EN 14214 and ASTM D 6751 international standards.

Influence of fatty acids in waste cooking oil for cleaner biodiesel

Physiochemical properties of biodiesel, a sustainable and green alternative fuel produced from renewable resources, are greatly influenced by the structural features of polyunsaturated, monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids. Two feedstock oils, potentially contribution to cleaner technologies, refined cooking oil and waste cooking oil derived from palm olein have been studied. Fatty acid compositions of the refined cooking oil and waste cooking oil were analysed and confronted with other literature sources. Critical parameters such as cetane number (CN), iodine value, cold filter plugging point (CFPP) and oxidation stability (OS) were correlated with long-chain saturated factor and degree of unsaturation (DU) of fatty acid to match the international standards of cleaner biodiesel. OS in biodiesel has been met with the absence of linolenic acid. High saturated fatty acid provides high CN. The iodine value of feedstock oil met the European standard where the DU of the oils was less than 138. However, CFPP of refined cooking oil and waste cooking oil did not meet the demanding Spanish regional (RD 61/2006) standard due to the presence of stearic and palmitic acid, which tended to clog the fuel filter by precipitating while the biodiesel becomes cool. With the proposed triangular chart for biodiesel properties prediction, potential biodiesel fuels from various feedstock oils can be analysed.

Density and excess properties of N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) with 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate (hmim)(FAP)

In the present work, new data on the densities and refractive indices for 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate [hmim][FAP] with N-methyldiethanolamine are reported for various concentrations and at temperatures (303.15–328.15) K. Excess molar volumes

Cleaner production of rubber seed oil methyl ester using a hydrodynamic cavitation: optimisation and parametric study

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Optimisation and Kinetic Studies of Acid Esterification of High Free Fatty Acid Rubber Seed Oil

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Methyl ester synthesis of Pistacia khinjuk seed oil by ultrasonic-assisted cavitation system

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