Makiko Kouchi

A Protocol for Evaluating the Accuracy of 3D Body Scanners - Landmark Locations and Surface Shape

We propose a protocol for evaluating the accuracy of scan-derived surface shape and the repeatability of scan-derived landmark locations. Following existing Japanese and German domestic standards, we propose to use a calibrated artefact (e.g. a sphere about 120 mm in diameter) for evaluating the accuracy of surface shape. To evaluate the repeatability of landmark locations, we propose to use an anthropomorphic dummy with premarked landmark locations. The test objects are measured by the 3D body scanner to be evaluated, and evaluation parameters are calculated from the measured data. A round-robin test was conducted in six different institutes using 19 body/head/foot scanners produced by 10 companies/institutes. The purposes of the round-robin test were to evaluate whether the test objects could be scanned by different body scanners, to evaluate various scan locations for the test objects within the scanning volume, and to examine the quality parameters to be reported. As a result, the proposed test objects could be measured and the data exported by all systems except one, which did not export the ball measurement. Quality parameters are useful for quantifying the accuracy of scan-derived surface shape and repeatability of landmark locations, and providing a basis for the agreement between anthropometric data providers and data users. Since required accuracy depends on applications, it is important to examine results from different scan locations to evaluate the quality of scan-derived measurements rather than considering only the worst case.

Shape Completion and Modeling of 3D Foot Shape While Walking Using Homologous Model Fitting

We developed a technology for creating homologous models of foot shape data obtained from a 4D measurement system. Homologous models consist of the same number of the same topology, and each data point in the model is defined based on the anatomical homology. In the present modeling technology, we use a homologous model using a polyhedral template. By fitting the homologous foot model to data obtained from 4D measurement system, our approach can accomplish homologous modeling for 4D-measured data. We show how the model can be used for shape completion and modeling -generating a complete surface mesh and granting anatomical feature points given a limited set of captured points specifying the target shape. Using principal component analysis (PCA) and posture change, we accomplish homologous modeling for 4D-measured data of human foot shape.

Body Trunk Shape Estimation from Silhouettes by Using Homologous Human Body Model

This paper attempts to estimate a 3D shape of human torso from 2 pictures which are front and side silhouette of a subject. Our method assumes that input pictures have accurate contours of a subject’s body. And regions of torsos are extracted manually from input pictures. We use a deformable body model for estimation. This model is generated by principal component analysis to a homologous model database which is made of whole body scanned data. A result shape is computed by optimizing some deformation parameters of the model with comparing model’s silhouettes and input silhouettes.

Web-Based Human Body Modeling by Restricted Number of Anthropometric Data

The purpose of this work is to develop a system to model variations of prognostic body shapes by individual 3D scan data and to provide the modeling results to the users via the Internet. The client interface allows the users to browse the processed data in a 3D GUI, to simulate body shapes with new desired body measurements (such as weight, waist, chest circumferences, etc.), and to generate printed reports. Modeling can be controlled by a few body dimensions, or even by one measurement. Statistical ground of the modeling control method is given.

3D Foot Scanning System INFOOT - Automated Anatomical Landmark Detection and Labeling

Automated Anatomical Landmark Detection and Labeling Kozo KIMURA, Tsuneaki UTSUMI, Makiko KOUCHI, Masaaki MOCHIMARU a I-Ware Laboratory Co. Ltd , Osaka ,Japan; b Digital Human Research Center, AIST, Tokyo , Japan Introduction INFOOT was developed out of a collaboration between I-Ware Laboratory Co.,Ltd (hereafter IWL) and Digital Human Research Center(hereafter DHRC). INFOOT is a 3D foot scanning system which obtains 3 dimensional foot shape data and landmark positions to calculate foot dimensions automatically. INFOOT has been used for research purposes and, more recently, used for shoe selection and customized shoe manufacturing.

534 Creation of Individual Head FE Model by the Composition of Representative Shapes

This paper suggests the method to create the individual finite element model by the dimensions only that can be measured easily. Individual head FE model sare constructed by transformed a basic head FE head model with matched the individual head outer shape to the basic one by using Free Form Deformation (FED) technique. The individual head outer shape is created by weighted composition of the representative shapes of Japanese head calculated by the method combining Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) with FFD technique. Weights for the composition are calculated by minimizing the error between measured head dimensions and calculated ones. Furthermore, the construction method was validated by the comparison of the shape and pressure responses in brain of the head FE model created by the present method with those of the head FE model created from CT images. The suggested method can create individual FE model easily even when individual medical images (e.g. CT or MRI) cannot be taken.