Makoto Tokunaga

Partially hydrolysed guar gum ameliorates murine intestinal inflammation in association with modulating luminal microbiota and SCFA.

Partially hydrolysed guar gum (PHGG), a water-soluble dietary fibre produced by the controlled partial enzymatic hydrolysis of guar gum beans, has various physiological roles. This study aimed to elucidate the beneficial effects of PHGG on colonic mucosal damage in a murine 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis model. Acute colitis was induced in male C57BL/6 mice with TNBS after 2 weeks of pre-feeding with PHGG (5 %). The colonic mucosal inflammation was evaluated using macroscopic damage scores, and neutrophil infiltration was assessed by measuring tissue-associated myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the colonic mucosa. TNF-α expression in the colonic mucosa was measured by ELISA and real-time PCR. Moreover, the intestinal microbiota and production of SCFA were assessed by real-time PCR and HPLC, respectively. Colonic damage due to TNBS administration was significantly ameliorated by PHGG treatment. Furthermore, PHGG significantly inhibited increases in MPO activity and TNF-α protein and mRNA expression in the colonic mucosa in TNBS-induced colitis. On analysis of intestinal microbiota, we found that the concentration of the Clostridium coccoides group (Clostridium cluster XIVa), the Clostridium leptum subgroup (Clostridium cluster IV) and the Bacteroides fragilis group had significantly increased in PHGG-fed mice. On analysis of SCFA, we found that the caecal content of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid had significantly increased in PHGG-fed mice. Together, these results suggest that chronic ingestion of PHGG prevents the development of TNBS-induced colitis in mice by modulating the intestinal microbiota and SCFA, which may be significant in the development of therapeutics for inflammatory bowel disease.

Partially hydrolyzed guar gum affects the expression of genes involved in host defense functions and cholesterol absorption in colonic mucosa of db/db male mice

Biomedical evidence in the last 20 years has shown that the consumption of partially hydrolyzed guar gum may influence lipid and/or carbohydrate metabolism at many levels. Since intestine represents the first interface to interact with dietary partially hydrolyzed guar gum in vivo, we evaluated gene expression profiles in small intestinal mucosa of db/db mice fed with partially hydrolyzed guar gum in an effort to delineate its effect on the small intestine. DNA microarray and real-time PCR analyses were performed to evaluate the gene expression profiles in mice small intestinal mucosa. Among the 28,853 transcripts represented on the GeneChip® microarray, no more than 20 genes exhibited up- or down-regulation by 1.5-fold or more after four weeks following partially hydrolyzed guar gum consumption. No adverse effects were apparent. We detected up- or down-regulation of some genes known to be involved in host defense functions and cholesterol absorption.

Tu1378 The Protective Effects of Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum (PHGG) on Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) in Mice: A Regulation of Mucosal Barrier Function

Protective Effects of Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum Against Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction Atsushi Majima, Yuji Naito, Osamu Handa, Yuriko Onozawa, Yukiko Uehara, Hideki Horie, Mayuko Morita, Yasuki Higashimura, Katsura Mizushima, Tetsuya Okayama, Kazuhiro Katada, Kazuhiro Kamada, Kazuhiko Uchiyama, Ishikawa Takeshi, Tomohisa Takagi, Yoshito Itoh, Zenta Yasukawa, Makoto Tokunaga, Tsutomu Okubo

Tu1376 Protective Effects of Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum Against Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction

Protective Effects of Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum Against Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction Atsushi Majima, Yuji Naito, Osamu Handa, Yuriko Onozawa, Yukiko Uehara, Hideki Horie, Mayuko Morita, Yasuki Higashimura, Katsura Mizushima, Tetsuya Okayama, Kazuhiro Katada, Kazuhiro Kamada, Kazuhiko Uchiyama, Ishikawa Takeshi, Tomohisa Takagi, Yoshito Itoh, Zenta Yasukawa, Makoto Tokunaga, Tsutomu Okubo

Su1467 Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum (PHGG) Attenuates Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) in Mice Through the Gut-Liver Axis

Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum (PHGG) Attenuates Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) in Mice Through the Gut-Liver Axis Kazuhiro Katada, Yuji Naito, Tomohisa Takagi, Katsura Mizushima, Yasuki Higashimura, Tetsuya Okayama, Naohisa Yoshida, Kazuhiro Kamada, Kazuhiko Uchiyama, Ishikawa Takeshi, Osamu Handa, Hideyuki Konishi, Nobuaki Yagi, Hiroshi Ichikawa, Zenta Yasukawa, Makoto Tokunaga, Tsutomu Okubo, Lekh R. Juneja, Yoshito Itoh

Su2063 Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum (PHGG) Inhibits Castor Oil-Induced Diarrhea in Rats Through the Inhibition of Substance P Production

Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum (PHGG) Inhibits Castor Oil-Induced Diarrhea in Rats Through the Inhibition of Substance P Production Kentaro Suzuki, Yuji Naito, Kazuhiro Kamada, Syunsuke Kishimoto, Yukiko Uehara, Hideki Horie, Wataru Fukuda, Yutaka Inada, Takaya Iida, Munehiro Kugai, Toshifumi Tsuji, Hiroyuki Yoriki, Akifumi Fukui, Yasuki Higashimura, Katsura Mizushima, Kazuhiro Katada, Kazuhiko Uchiyama, Osamu Handa, Tomohisa Takagi, Nobuaki Yagi, Zenta Yasukawa, Makoto Tokunaga, Tsutomu Okubo, Lekh R. Juneja, Toshikazu Yoshikawa