Malcolm G. Preston

Factors Affecting Movement in Casework

reality one cannot literally be another person but can only emulate the role of another. This was difficult for the stutterer because for him symbolic activity was felt as real activity, as illustrated in his speech. However, to make this change from the impossible to the feasible constituted separation from the person of the therapist. Again this separation was difficult for the stutterer because it flew in the face of one 103

Concerning the determination of trait variability

An analytic technique for the study of trait variability is presented. An expression for the average variance from test to test and an expression for the variance of these variances are derived in terms of the number of tests and the intercorrelations between them, and limiting cases are examined. The question of the true relationship between the nature of the distribution of test scores in a sample ofN persons and the nature of the distribution ofn traits in a single individual is discussed, and other problems are introduced.

Pre-testing Methods for Follow-up to Validate Measures of Movement in Casework

The four authors are associated with the Marriage Council of Philadelphia, which is affiliated with the University of Pennsylvania. Mrs. Sellers is Research Associate, Dr. Preston is Research Consultant, Dr. Mudd is Director, and Dr. Peltz is Psychiatric Consultant, Marriage Council of Philadelphia. Also, Dr. Preston is Professor of Psychology, Dr. Mudd is Assistant Professor of Family Study in Psychiatry, and Dr. Peltz is Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania. This paper was presented by Mrs. Sellers at the National Conference of Social Work, Atlantic City, New Jersey, May 13, 1954.

LINDESMITH, ALFRED R., and ANSELM L. STRAUSS. Social Psychology. Pp. xvi, 549. New York: The Dryden Press, 1949.

ions in the direction of the interpretations presented, and in increasing men’s motivation to serve.&dquo; In order to stimulate scientific investigation by others, the authors also present certain materials &dquo;in the form of pure hypothesis, since some of the results were obtained on a particular film with no opportunity to check them in further studies.&dquo; The first part of the volume reports a series of film evaluation studies. In this, the authors say the &dquo;factor emerging most clearly from the present data is that of ’acceptance.’&dquo; &dquo; In elaborating this conclusion, they describe &dquo;the initial correlation between intelligence and opinion held as a measure of ’validity’ of opinion,&dquo; and they advance &dquo;the proposition that valid interpretations will be accepted more readily by the less intelligent than by the