Malik A. Waseem

Tandem imino-pinacol coupling-aza-Michael reaction promoted by Zn/InCl3: a novel multicomponent strategy for diastereoselective synthesis of monocyclic 1,4-diazepine in water

Aldimine formed in situ on bimolecular reductive coupling in the presence of zinc and accelerated by indium(III) chloride in water afforded N,N′-diphenyl-1,2-diaryl-1,2-diamino ethane which on aza-Michael addition with α,β-unsaturated ketone and subsequent dehydrative cycloaddition yielded monocyclic 1,4-diazepine in excellent yield and with high diastereoselectivity in one-pot. The whole reaction sequence proceeded smoothly with quantitative conversion of reactants into product. The reaction pathway was supported by isolation of N,N′-diphenyl-1,2-diaryl-1,2-diamino ethane and its conversion into product by reaction with α,β-unsaturated ketone under similar reaction conditions.

Ionic liquid promoted spiroannulation via hetero-Michael addition and intramolecular heterocyclisation

A sequential efficient method for the synthesis of novel spiro-5-thiazolidin-2-one-indolo[1,5]benzothiazepine from readily available isatin, 4-thioxothiazolidin-2-one and 2-aminothiophenol is reported. The synthesis involves formation of N-methyl-3-(2-oxo-4-thioxothiazolidinon-5-ylidene)-1,3-dihydro indol-2-one by [bmIm]OH promoted Knoevenagel condensation of 4-thioxo-2-thiazolidinone with isatin. The Knoevenagel product on ionic liquid promoted thia-Michael addition with 2-aminothiophenol and intramolecular cyclocondensation yielded the title compounds with high atom economy. The ionic liquid, [bmIm]OH was recovered completely and recycled thrice for the synthesis with no appreciable decrease in the efficiency of the process. The whole sequence of reactions proceeded with quantitative transformation of reactants into spiro [1,5]benzothiazepine at ambient temperature. The sequential reaction pathway is supported by the isolation of the thia-Michael adduct of the knoevenagel product with 2-aminothiophenol and quantitative conversion of the adduct into the final products under the same reaction conditions.

Molecular iodine catalysed domino cyclization in aqueous medium: a simple and efficient synthetic route to 1,4-dihydropyridazines

A facile, efficient and environmentally friendly approach has been developed for the diverse synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridazines from (E)-2-benzylidene-1-phenylhydrazine and α,β-unsaturated aldehyde under aqueous condition using molecular iodine as a green and recoverable catalyst. This procedure features low cost and easily available starting materials, an inexpensive and recoverable catalyst, short reaction time, reliable scalability, excellent yield and mild reaction conditions, as well as use of aqueous medium. The scope of this method was thoroughly explored under three different reaction conditions resulting in the generation of a library of title compounds. In view of the various advantages of the present investigation, this methodology gives a convenient and straightforward pathway to construct 1,4-dihydropyridazines in an eco-friendly fashion.

Diastereoselective synthesis of furopyranopyridine in ionic liquid/water without additional catalyst

3,5-Diarylidene-1-methyl-piperidin-4-one derived in situ from N-methylpiperidinone and benzaldehyde undergoes intermolecular [4 + 2] hetero-Diels–Alder reactions with 2,3-dihydrofuran in [bmim]BF4–H2O (1 : 1) to afford furopyranopyridine derivatives in high to quantitative yields. Heterodienes, 3,5-diaryldiene-1-methylpiperidin-4-one an electron deficient oxadiene added to 2,3-dihydrofuran an electron rich dienophile because of an inverse electron demand, yielding furopyranopyridines with a high atom economy.

[bmim]OH promoted hydroalkynylation of nitrile and intramolecular hydroamination of the carbon–carbon multiple bond: an efficient and eco-compatible strategy for the synthesis of indolizinones

An efficient and novel hydroalkynylation of 2-cyanopyridine with arylacetylene and a subsequent intramolecular hydroamination promoted by a basic ionic-liquid, [bmim]OH, under microwave activation in the absence of an organic solvent and an inorganic base, yielding biodynamic indolizinones has been developed. The protocol involves [bmim]OH mediated in situ generation and addition of a nucleophilic alkynide from the aryl substituted terminal on a carbon alkyne of a polar nitrile group of 2-cyanopyridine. This results in the formation of a 2-pyridylphenylethynyl methimine intermediate which, on subsquent intramolecular nucleophilic addition of a pyridyl nitrogen on the carbon–carbon triple bond of the imine intermediate, heterocyclized into indolizinone with high atom economy. The reaction proceeded smoothly and quantitatively at an ambient temperature. The task specific [bmim]OH was recovered and reused three times without any appreciable decrease in its activity and product yield.

[bmIm]Br catalyzed tandem construction of C–C and C–O bonds: a concise, convenient and atom-economical strategy for the synthesis of spiropyranopiperidine derivatives

A versatile one-pot domino access to chiral heterocyclic spiropyranopiperidine has been reported. This novel approach involves recyclable [bmIm]Br as a promoter as well as a reaction medium and KOH as a non-hazardous base for the facile chemical unification of DMAD, malononitrile and 1-methyl-4-piperidone, resulting in the formation of spiropyranopiperidine in an excellent yield after 3 hours under mild reaction conditions. This green and efficient methodology leads to a significant enhancement of the yield of product, elimination of the use of toxic and hazardous reagents and reduced waste formation. A plausible mechanism for the multiple bond forming heterocyclisation has also been proposed.

Oscimum sanctum extract inhibits growth of Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains

In the present study petroleum ether, chloroform and methanolic extracts of Oscimum sanctum were prepared using soxhlet extractor. The extracts were evaluated for antibacterial activity against one Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and one Gram negative (Escherichia coli) strain. The activity of the extracts was compared with the known antibacterial drugs, Oflaxacin and Penicillin G. Disc diffusion method revealed good antibacterial activity of the chloroform and methanol extracts compared to the petroleum ether extract. Methanolic extract was found to be most active against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacterial strains. The zone of inhibition of methanolic extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at 50 mg concentration was 16.0 and 18.0 mm, respectively. Chloroform extract also exhibited good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacterial strains. The zone of inhibition of chloroform extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacterial strains was 8.0 and 6.0 mm, respectively. The zone of inhibition of the drug Penicillin G against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was18.0 and 17.0 mm, respectively. Oflaxacin showed zone of inhibition to be 19.0 and 20.0 against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. The petroleum ether extract exhibited no activity against any of the two tested bacterial strains. These findings suggest that methanolic extract of Oscimum sanctum has anti-bacterial potential and therefore should be investigated for phytochemistry.