Mamadou Cissoko

Molecular profiling of an interspecific rice population derived from a cross between WAB 56-104 (Oryza sativa) and CG 14 (Oryza glaberrima)

NERICA rices are interspecific inbred progeny derived from crosses between Oryza sativa × O. glaberrima. In this study, we evaluated 70 BC2 interspecific lines, developed by crossing a tropical japonica variety (WAB 56-104) as the recurrent parent to an O. glaberrima variety (CG 14) as the donor parent, followed by the use of anther culture to derive doubled haploids (DH) (26 lines) or eight generations of inbreeding to fix the lines (44 lines). Seven of these BC2 derived inbred lines have been released as NERICA 1-NERICA 7. This study examined the relative contribution of each parent and the extent of genetic differences among these 70 sister lines using 130 well-distributed microsatellite markers which cover 1725 cM of the rice genome. The average proportion of O. sativa recurrent parent genome was 87.4% (1,508 cM), while the observed average proportion of O. glaberrima donor genome was 6.3% (108 cM). Non-parental alleles were detected in 83% of the lines and contributed an average of 38 cM per line (~2.2% of genomic DNA). Lines that had undergone eight generations of inbreeding in the field contained significantly more non-parental alleles (av. 2.7%) compared to the DH lines (av. 1.3%) that were developed from BC2 anthers. Using both cluster and principal component analyses, two major groups were detected in these materials. The NERICA varieties (NERICA 1 to 7) clustered in one group while the remaining 63 lines clustered in another group, suggesting that the second group may offer significant opportunities for further selection and variety development.

Genetic variation and host-parasite specificity of Striga resistance and tolerance in rice: the need for predictive breeding.

Summary The parasitic weeds Striga asiatica and Striga hermonthica cause devastating yield losses to upland rice in Africa. Little is known about genetic variation in host resistance and tolerance across rice genotypes, in relation to virulence differences across Striga species and ecotypes. Diverse rice genotypes were phenotyped for the above traits in S. asiatica‐ (Tanzania) and S. hermonthica‐infested fields (Kenya and Uganda) and under controlled conditions. New rice genotypes with either ecotype‐specific or broad‐spectrum resistance were identified. Resistance identified in the field was confirmed under controlled conditions, providing evidence that resistance was largely genetically determined. Striga‐resistant genotypes contributed to yield security under Striga‐infested conditions, although grain yield was also determined by the genotype‐specific yield potential and tolerance. Tolerance, the physiological mechanism mitigating Striga effects on host growth and physiology, was unrelated to resistance, implying that any combination of high, medium or low levels of these traits can be found across rice genotypes. Striga virulence varies across species and ecotypes. The extent of Striga‐induced host damage results from the interaction between parasite virulence and genetically determined levels of host–plant resistance and tolerance. These novel findings support the need for predictive breeding strategies based on knowledge of host resistance and parasite virulence.