Mamello Thinyane

An ontology-based, multi-modal platform for the inclusion of marginalized rural communities into the knowledge society

With the information revolution that promises to shape the 21st century, knowledge has become the prime commodity, very much like land, means of production and capital have been at different times in the past. Access to information, made instantly available by the growth of the Internet, determines access to economic resources, social participation and better quality of life. For this reason, the knowledge stored on the Web and the advantages offered by the spread of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) are equally important for rich societies to prosper and for poor ones to develop. The only difference is that marginalised communities do not have access to the tools and have little control over the content found in the domain of ICTs. In this paper we describe an intervention to develop the potential of a typical rural community in South Africa through ICTs. This involves providing Internet connectivity and deploying a platform to support e-commerce, e-learning, e-government and e-health. The core of the platform is an ontology-based model designed to integrate and respond to Indigenous Knowledge Systems. This has been achieved by combining a deep understanding of local knowledge and social networks with the use of authoring, communication and ontology-management tools. The primary goal of this new approach is to find a way to make ICT solutions more sensitive to the local context, and therefore more effective. Secondly, we hope to foster a sense of ownership of the project among the community, by capitalising on local knowledge and resources.

eServices provisioning in a community development context through a JADE MAS platform

A growing proliferation of ICT4D interventions has necessitated the exploration of innovative solutions for the provisioning of eServices in rural, marginalized communities. The challenges currently faced in these interventions include: situating the developed applications within the cultural and ethnographic context of the target communities, integrating greater levels of granularity and flexibility within the applications for increased context sensitivity, handling the intermittence and instability of supporting infrastructural services. These are the challenges that we address in the context of ICT4D intervention undertaken in a rural community in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. We explore the design and implementation of a Multi-Agent System (MAS) for this community as a platform for provisioning of context-sensitive eServices, and highlight some observations with regards to the applicability and adequacy of the solution.

Transitions towards a Knowledge Society

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is aiding the transition of society into information society and ultimately knowledge society. Embedded within ICT are the cultural and philosophical undercurrents of the society in which the ICT solutions are developed, currently predominantly the Western culture. The proliferation of ICT is therefore inadvertedly leading to more Westernization of the world. It is important, therefore, that ICT solutions are culture sensitive and flexible enough to be situated within different cultures. To that end, we utilize Herman Dooyeweerd’s Theory of Modal Aspects to analyze a framework we has developed for implementation of locally situated knowledge based systems, to determine its efficacy in addressing the different modal aspects, which make up the total experience and cultural expressiveness of societies.