Man Mohan Kapur

Characterization of progesterone receptors and metabolism of progesterone in the normal and cancerous human mammary gland

The molecular interaction of progesterone with receptor proteins was investigated in 18 cancerous and 12 normal human mammary gland tissues. The time course analysis of progesterone localization showed that it was initially concentrated in the cytosol and subsequently transferred to the nucleus. In the cancerous tissue the nuclear fraction had significantly higher amounts of the steroid than in the cytosol fraction while in the normal mammary gland tissue localization of progesterone in the nuclear fraction was only slightly higher compared with the cytosolic fraction. In both the normal and cancerous mammary tissue progesterone was bound to a 4.3S receptor but a characteristic 6.7S binding component was noted in the normal mammary tissue. The number of specific binding sites in the normal and cancerous cytosol was of the order of 2.1 and 1.5 pmol/mg protein and the dissociation constant was 0.42 x > 10 -9 10 -9 < M -1 respectively. The binding component was a thermolabile protein but different than plasma proteins. Ligand specificity studies revealed that along with progesterone other progestins compete for the binding sites. In the mammary gland progesterone was metabolized mainly to 20-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one 5x-pregnane-320-dione and polar compounds. The breast carcinoma tissue showed higher metabolism than the normal breast tissue. In the breast carcinoma 20beta-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one was the major metabolite whereas in the normal mammary gland 20x-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one was the major metabolite. (Authors modified)

Seminal fructose in normal and infertile men

Fructose levels and fructolysis index in human semen were analysed to assess a correlation, if any, between the levels of this glycolysable sugar and sperm concentration. Semen was collected from normospermic men and men with azoospermia or oligospermia. Seminal fructose levels were elevated in men with obstructive azoospermia and in men who remained azoospermic following vasoepididy mostomy done to correct epididymal blockage. Men with sperm concentration of less than 20 million/ml pre-operatively or following vasoepididy mostomy, showed significantly high levels of fructose and lower fructolysis index. Fructose levels in normospermic infertile men, as well as in men with normal sperm counts (more than 20 million/ml), were similar to that in men of proven fertility.

Leiomyosarcoma of the colon

Leiomyosarcoma of the colon, excluding that of the rectum, is extremely rare. We report a case of leiomyosarcoma of the ascending colon with a brief review of literature. The clinical manifestations in our case were typical: abdominal pain, diarrhea, anorexia, and a palpable tumor that was firm, smooth, and mobile inspite of its bulk. Toxic features, cachexia and weight loss were less prominent. Morphologically the tumor was of dumbbell type with intracolic and extracolic components. The microscopic picture, consisting of spindle-shaped smooth-muscle cells with pleomorphism and one to three mitotic figures per high-power field, was characteristic. In the absence of local spread, a hemicolectomy was considered curative, but our patient developed extensive metastasis in 25 months. The correlation between mitotic activity of the tumor and prognosis in our case was consistent with that reported in literature.Leiomyosarcoma of the colon, excluding that of the rectum, is extremely rare. We report a case of leiomyosarcoma of the ascending colon with a brief review of literature. The clinical manifestations in our case were typical: abdominal pain, diarrhea, anorexia, and a palpable tumor that was firm, smooth, and mobile inspite of its bulk. Toxic features, cachexia and weight loss were less prominent. Morphologically the tumor was of dumbbell type with intracolic and extracolic components. The microscopic picture, consisting of spindle-shaped smooth-muscle cells with pleomorphism and one to three mitotic figures per high-power field, was characteristic. In the absence of local spread, a hemicolectomy was considered curative, but our patient developed extensive metastasis in 25 months. The correlation between mitotic activity of the tumor and prognosis in our case was consistent with that reported in literature.

Copper intravas device (IVD) and male contraception

An alternative method of male contraception is crucial at this stage of increasing population in the developing world. A non-obstructive, non-hormonal, reversible method of male contraception would find acceptance in oriental communities. Our experience with copper IVD in small animals has been encouraging. We present here an extension of the use of the copper IVD in the rhesus monkey. Treated male rhesus ejaculate showed fifteen-to thirty-five-fold increase in copper levels up to 10 months after insertion of Cu IVD . Semen analysis showed an increase of dead sperm (23.0% - 52.3%; control 4.5% - 14.0%) and decrease in percentage of motile sperm (10-30%; control 70-80%). Fertility studies using treated male rhesus of proven fertility from the breeding colony mated with cycling females of proven fertility showed highly significant reduction of fertility up to 13 months (P less than 0.001). Reduction in fertility of the treated rhesus was also significant up to a period of 23 months (P less than 0.01). A reversal of contraceptive effect and increase in sperm count and motility is observed after 13 months post-treatment. Studies are required to achieve an increase in the effective life span of the IVD .

THYROID SURGERY IN AN AREA OF IODINE DEFICIENCY

The catchment area of the patients under study was the sub‐Himalayan plains, which are recognized as iodine‐deficient areas.

Steroid metabolism by germ cells and spermatozoa in men after vasoepididymostomy

The ability of germ cells (spermatocytes and spermatids) and spermatozoa present in human ejaculate to metabolize steroids was studied in men with obstructive infertility who had undergone vasoepididymostomy as corrective surgery. Steroid metabolism by spermatozoa in men who had undergone vasovasostomy was also investigated. Germ cells converted testosterone mainly to androstenedione. In addition to androstenedione, dihydrotestosterone and androstanediols were also formed in incubations using spermatids. Both types of germ cells converted estradiol to estrone. Spermatozoa from subjects who had undergone vasoepididymostomy or vasovasostomy converted testosterone to androstenedione as in normal men, while spermatozoa from infertile subjects converted testosterone mainly to dihydrotestosterone. Seminal fluid, free of germ cells, did not show steroid-metabolizing capability.

Androgen receptor in breast tissues—I. A new approach for the estimation of androgen receptors in the normal and cancerous mammary gland of women

Abstract Optimum temperature, time and dose of androgenic steroids (5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT) and testosterone) required for quantitative estimation of nuclear and cytosol androgen receptor (AR), before and after affecting nuclear translocation of AR, was investigated in normal and cancerous breast tissues of women. Translocation of AR was temperature dependent, being maximum at 37°C. Optimal conditions required for estimation of AR in nuclei and cytosol are described. Three methods, single saturation dose analysis, sucrose gradient analysis and multidose saturation analysis, were used to estimate AR. The results of the three methods had a high coefficient of correlation (⪢0.95). Immunoabsorption of plasma proteins significantly reduced population of specific androgen binding sites in cytosol without effecting number of AR translocated to nucleus. 5α-DHT estimated 1.51 times the number of androgen binding sites compared with testosterone. Majority (

Leiomyoma of the colon: report of a case.

80%) of specific androgen binding sites in situ were distributed as free sites in cytosol and a significant percentage was occupied by endogenous steroid either in cytosol or nuclear fraction. An important finding was thai only a part and a highly variable percentage (19–100%) of specific androgen binding sites in the cytosol were translocated to the nucleus even after immunoabsorption of plasma proteins from the cytosol. Based on these findings, a new approach, involving the estimation of translocatable androgen receptors/100 μg nuclear DNA. by the easy and simple procedure of single dose saturation analysis, with either 5α-DHT or testosterone, is suggested. This method will help in determining the total population of functionally active receptor sites in a cell. which can be more accurately used as a diagnostic test in the endocrine treatment of the patient.

Transverse Testicular Ectopia: A Case Report

SummaryA case of leiomyoma of the colon in a 31-year-old man is reported. Pain and the appearance of a lump were the main presenting symptoms. The tumor was subserosal and was located at the hepatic flexure.

Leiomyosarcoma of the colon: a case report and review of literature.

Abstract Transverse ectopic location of the testis is an extremely rare congenital anomaly, with lessthan 30 cases reported in the literature to date. In most cases the right testis was ectopic. We report a case of transverse testicular ectopia on the left side associated with an indirect inguinal hernia.