Manbae Han

Cylinder Pressure Information-Based Postinjection Timing Control for Aftertreatment System Regeneration in a Diesel Engine—Part I: Derivation of Control Parameter

The implementation of aftertreatment systems in passenger car diesel engines, such as a lean NOx trap (LNT) and a diesel particulate filter (DPF), requires an in-cylinder postinjection (POI) for a periodic regeneration of those aftertreatment systems to consistently reduce tail-pipe emissions. Although the combustion and emission characteristics are changed from the normal engine operating conditions due to the POI, POI is generally applied with a look-up table (LUT) based feedforward control because of its cost effectiveness and easy implementation into the engine management system (EMS). However, the LUT-based POI control necessities tremendous calibration work to find the optimal timing to supply high exhaust gas temperature or enough reductants such as carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon to regenerate the aftertreatment systems while maintaining low engine-out smoke emissions. To solve this problem, we propose a novel combustion analysis method based on the cylinder pressure information. This method investigates the relation between the POI timing with the exhaust emissions and compensates the combustion phase shift occurred by the engine operating condition changes, such as the engine speed and injection quantity. A burning rate of fuel after a location of the rate of heat release maximum (BRaLoROHRmax) was derived from the combustion analysis. A mass fraction burned X% after a location of the rate of heat release maximum (MFBXaLoROHRmax) was determined using the BRaLoROHRmax and main injection (MI) quantity. Nonlinear characteristics of the exhaust emissions according to POI timing variations and the combustion phase shift due to the engine operating condition changes can be easily analyzed and compensated in terms of the proposed MFBXaLoROHRmax domain. The proposed method successfully evaluated its utility through the engine experiments for the LNT and DPF regeneration.

Determination of an LNT Regeneration Condition Based on a NO x Storage Fraction in a 2.2L Direct Injection Diesel Engine

Abstract : This study was carried out to determine an optimal lean NO x trap (LNT) regeneration condition based on a NO x storage fraction. The LNT regeneration was performed by an in-cylinder post fuel injection method. A NO x storage fraction is defined by the ratio of current cumulated NO x amount in the LNT to the NO x storage capacity: 0 means empty and 1 fully loaded. In this study five engine operating conditions were chosen to represent the New European Driving Cycle. With various NO x storage fractions each engine operating condition, the LNT regeneration was executed and then NO x conversion efficiency, additional fuel consumption, CO and THC slip, peak catalyst temperature were measured. The results showed that there exist an optimal condition to regenerate the LNT, eg. 1500 rpm 6 bar BMEP with below 0.7 NO x storage fraction in this experimental constraint. Key words : Lean NO x trap(흡장형 NO x 촉매), In-cylinder post fuel injection(실린더 내 후 분사), NO x storage fraction(NO x 흡장률), NO

Cylinder Pressure Information-Based Postinjection Timing Control for Aftertreatment System Regeneration in a Diesel Engine—Part II: Active Diesel Particulate Filter Regeneration

The successful utilization of a diesel particulate filter (DPF) to reduce particulate matter (PM) in a passenger car diesel engine necessitates a periodic regeneration of the DPF catalyst without deterioration of the drivability and emission control performance. For successful active DPF regeneration, the exhaust gas temperature should be over 500 °C to oxidize the soot loaded in the DPF. Previous research increased the exhaust gas temperature by applying early and late post fuel injection with a look-up table (LUT) based feedforward control implemented into the engine management system (EMS). However, this method requires enormous calibration work to find the optimal timing and quantity of the main, early, and late post fuel injection with less certainty of accurate torque control. To address this issue, we propose a cylinder pressure based multiple fuel injection (MFI) control method for active DPF regeneration. The feedback control of the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP), lambda, and DPF upstream temperature was applied to precisely control the injection quantity of the main, early, and late post fuel injection. To determine their fuel injection timings, a mass fraction burned 60% after location of the rate of heat release maximum (MFB60aLoROHRmax) was proposed based on the cylinder pressure information. The proposed control method was implemented in an in-house EMS and validated at several engine operating conditions. During the regeneration period, the exhaust gas temperature tracked the desired temperature, and the engine torque fluctuation was minimized with minimal PM and NOx emissions.

Robust Indicated Mean Effective Pressure and Combustion Lambda Feedback Control for Lean NOx Trap Regeneration in a 2.2 L Common Rail Direct Injection Diesel Engine

To meet stringent Euro-6 emission regulations, a lean NOx trap (LNT) catalyst should be considered to effectively abate NOx emissions. This LNT catalyst should be periodically regenerated without deteriorating driving quality and also satisfy emission constraints, such as CO, low particulate matter or smoke, and low O2 during the regeneration phase. As a means of reductant delivery, in-cylinder post fuel injection with a feedforward (FF) control has been applied due to its simple implementation in an engine management system (EMS). However, with this method, it is difficult to satisfy the driving quality and emission constraints during the transition to or out of the regeneration phase. To solve this problem, we propose a novel LNT regeneration control method using an indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and a combustion lambda feedback (FB) control combined with the FF control. For the precise FB control of the post injection timing, among the location of the second rate of heat release (ROHR) peak, the magnitude of the second ROHR peak, and IMEP, the IMEP was selected as a control parameter because of its lowest cyclic variation. In addition, the exhaust lambda control was applied for the accurate FB control of the post injection quantity. The proposed method was implemented in an in-house EMS. The performance in several engine tests indicated that the torque fluctuation was minimized and all emission constraints were effectively satisfied. Furthermore, this method was also robust with regard to the thermal disturbance.

Exhaust Pressure Estimation Using a Diesel Particulate Filter Mass Flow Model in a Light-Duty Diesel Engine Operated With Dual-Loop Exhaust Gas Recirculation and Variable Geometry Turbocharger Systems

This paper presents a novel method to estimate an exhaust pressure at 357 different steady-state engine operating conditions using a diesel particulate filter (DPF) mass flow model to precisely control the air quantity for a light-duty diesel engine operated with dual-loop exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and variable geometry turbocharger (VGT) systems. This model was implemented on a 32 bit real-time embedded system and evaluated through a processor-in-the-loop-simulation (PILS) at two transient engine operating conditions. And the proposed model was validated in a vehicle. By applying Darcys law, the DPF mass flow model was developed and shows a root mean square error (RMSE) of 3.7 g/s in the wide range of the DPF mass flow and above 99% linear correlation with actual values. With such reasonable uncertainties of the DPF mass flow model, the exhaust pressure was estimated via the application of a nonlinear coordinate transformation to the VGT model. The DPF mass flow based exhaust pressure estimation exhibits below 6% error of the exhaust pressure under steady-state conditions. The method was also validated through the PILS and the vehicle test under transient conditions. The results show a reasonable accuracy within 10% error of the exhaust pressure.