Manfred M. Fischer

Spatial Growth Regressions: Model Specification, Estimation and Interpretation

Abstract We attempt to clarify a number of points regarding use of spatial regression models for regional growth analysis. We show that as in the case of non-spatial growth regressions, the effect of initial regional income levels wears off over time. Unlike the non-spatial case, long-run regional income levels depend on: own region as well as neighbouring region characteristics, the spatial connectivity structure of the regions, and the strength of spatial dependence. Given this, the search for regional characteristics that exert important influences on income levels or growth rates should take place using spatial econometric methods that account for spatial dependence as well as own and neighbouring region characteristics, the type of spatial regression model specification, and weight matrix. The framework adopted here illustrates a unified approach for dealing with these issues.

Spatial Analytical Perspectives on GIS

Keywords: modelling spaciale ; simulation ; integration Reference Record created on 2005-06-20, modified on 2016-08-08

A rough set approach for the discovery of classification rules in interval-valued information systems

A novel rough set approach is proposed in this paper to discover classification rules through a process of knowledge induction which selects decision rules with a minimal set of features for classification of real-valued data. A rough set knowledge discovery framework is formulated for the analysis of interval-valued information systems converted from real-valued raw decision tables. The minimal feature selection method for information systems with interval-valued features obtains all classification rules hidden in a system through a knowledge induction process. Numerical examples are employed to substantiate the conceptual arguments.

Knowledge, Complexity and Innovation Systems

The book addresses the relationship between knowledge, complexity and innovation systems. It integrates research findings from a broad area including economics, business studies, management studies, geography, mathematics and science & technology contributions from a wide range group of international experts. In particular, it offers insights about knowledge creation and spillovers, innovation and learning systems, innovation diffusion processes and innovation policies.The contributions provide an excellent coverage of current conceptual and theoretical developments and valuable insights from both empirical and conceptual work. The reader gets an overview about the state of the art of the role of innovation systems and knowledge creation and diffusion in geographical space.

Modeling Spatial Autocorrelation in Spatial Interaction Data: An Application to Patent Citation Data in the European Union

Spatial interaction models of the gravity type are widely used to model origin-destination flows. They draw attention to three types of variables to explain variation in spatial interactions across geographic space: variables that characterize an origin region of a flow, variables that characterize a destination region of a flow, and finally variables that measure the separation between origin and destination regions. This paper outlines and compares two approaches, the spatial econometric and the eigenfunction-based spatial filtering approach, to deal with the issue of spatial autocorrelation among flow residuals. An example using patent citation data that capture knowledge flows across 112 European regions serves to illustrate the application and the comparison of the two approaches. Copyright (c) 2008, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Regional development reconsidered

1 Regional Development Reconsidered: A Prologue.- A: Innovation Systems, Learning Regions and Human Resources.- 2 A Systemic Approach to Innovation.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 The Innovation Process.- 2.3 Knowledge Creation and Spillovers.- 2.4 The Systems of Innovation Approach.- 2.5 Regional Systems of Innovation.- 2.6 Some Policy Implications.- References.- 3 Regional Industrial Policy and the New Economy.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Models of Industrial Organisation.- 3.3 Innovation and Knowledge Production.- 3.4 The Impact of the New Economy on the Organisation of Industry.- 3.5 Processes of Learning and Labour Training.- 3.6 The Territorial Network Approach.- 3.7 Policies for Territorial Networks.- 3.8 Policy Tools for the Interregional Production Cooperation.- 3.9 Conclusions.- 4 Human Resources and Regional Development.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Human Resource Development: Some International Comparisons Comparisons.- 4.3 The Learning Economy, the Learning Society and Learning Regions.- 4.4 The Role of Universities in Regional Development.- 4.5 Setting Learning Targets: A Regional Perspective.- 4.6 Human Resource Development and Regional Strategies.- 4.7 Conclusions.- References.- B: Competitiveness and Cooperation.- 5 The Role of Public Institutions in Regional Competition.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Regional Competition by Public Institutions.- 5.3 Political Models of Regional Competition: Basic Approaches.- 5.4 Political Regional Competition within an Administrative Sector.- 5.5 Political Regional Competition within a Federation.- 5.6 Political Fiscal Regional Competition and Political Competition of Municipalities and Public Firms.- 5.7 Summary and Outlook.- References.- 6 Regional Cooperation of the Baltic States: Implications for Membership in the European Union.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Background of the Baltic States.- 6.3 Organisational Structures for Regional Cooperation.- 6.4 Contemporary Situation in Baltic States.- 6.5 Baltic States and Security.- References.- C: Mobility in Transport Systems in Europe.- 7 The Role of Infrastructure for Expansion and Integration.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Treaty and Statutory Basis of EU Action.- 7.3 The Role of the EU in Transport and Transport Infrastructure.- 7.7 TENs, TINA and Infrastructure Pricing.- 7.5 Assessment of Policy Objectives and Achievements.- References.- 8 Restructuring of Transportation Networks.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Review of Basic Theoretical Approaches.- 8.3 Aggregate Productivity Models: The Aschauer Debate.- 8.4 Input-Output Models.- 8.5 New Economic Geography Models.- 8.6 Measurement Issues.- 8.7 Evaluation and Appraisal.- 8.8 Conclusions.- References.- 9 Socio-economic Dynamics and Spatial Mobility: A Scenario Application to Environmental Strategies in Transport.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Decision Making and Scenarios.- 9.3 Assessment of the Base Scenarios.- 9.4 Energy Consumption of Present and Future Transport Modes.- 9.5 Electricity and Motor Fuels.- 9.6 Developments in Passenger Mobility.- 9.7 Analysis of Results.- 9.8 Conclusions.- References.- D: Regional Development and Policy Issues.- 10 Some Effects of Regional Differentiation on Integration in the European Community.- 10.1 Regional Differentiation and Integration.- 10.2 Turkish Regional Disparities.- 10.3 Results: Analysing Regional Disparities.- 10.4 Conclusions.- References.- 11 An Institutional and Cultural Perspective on Romanian Regional Development Policy.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 Regional Development Policy in Romenia: Institutional Reforms.- 11.3 Cultural and Behavioural Challenges in the Implementation of Regional Policies.- 11.4 Conclusions.- References.- List of Figures.- List of Tables.- Author Index.- List of Contributors.

Knowledge Spillovers and Total Factor Productivity: Evidence Using a Spatial Panel Data Model

This paper investigates the impact of knowledge capital stocks on total factor productivity through the lens of the knowledge capital model proposed by Griliches (1979), augmented with a spatially discounted cross-region knowledge spillover pool variable. The objective is to shift attention from firms and industries to regions and to estimate the impact of cross-region knowledge spillovers on total factor productivity (TFP) in Europe. The dependent variable is the region-level TFP, measured in terms of the superlative TFP index suggested by Caves, Christensen and Diewert (1982). This index describes how efficiently each region transforms physical capital and labour into output. The explanatory variables are internal and out-of-region stocks of knowledge, the latter capturing the contribution of cross-region knowledge spillovers. We construct patent stocks to proxy regional knowledge capital stocks for N=203 regions over the 1997- 2002 time period. In estimating the effects we implement a spatial panel data model that controls for the spatial autocorrelation due to neighbouring regions and the individual heterogeneity across regions. The findings provide a fairly remarkable confirmation of the role of knowledge capital contributing to productivity differences among regions, and add an important spatial dimension to the discussion, by showing that productivity

Technological innovation and interfirm cooperation: an exploratory analysis using survey data from manufacturing firms in the metropolitan region of Vienna

This paper centres around two research questions: first, the identification of five types of networks that manufacturing firms located in the metropolitan region of Vienna may have created for different purposes and second, the question to what extent the likelihood of interfirm cooperation is conditioned by the general profile of manufacturing establishments and their technological resources. Although this paper focuses on the manufacturing sector, a special emphasis is placed on the electronics industry. The study utilises a recent postal survey providing data on size and organisation, products and markets, research and development, innovation and interfirm relationships. The analysis of the first question finds that first, networking does not yet seem to be a popular managerial and organisational concept for manufacturing firms located in the metropolitan region of Vienna; second, networking activities are primarily based on vertical relationships (customer, manufacturer supplier and producer service provider networks) rather than on horizontal linkages (producer networks, industry-university linkages); third, networks focusing on the later stages of the innovation process are less common than those focusing on the earlier stages; fourth, firms tend to rely on sources of technology from national and - especially - international networks. It appears that metropolitan networking is less common than has been thought. For technical advance spatial proximity does not seem to be very important. Turning to the second research question of the study, focusing on the adoption of the managerial and organisational concept of networking, the results are bolstering the argument that establishment traits and technology related-capabilities do play a role. The results achieved reveal, for example, that in-house research skills are a very good predictor for industry-university relationships.

Innovation, networks and localities

Preface 1 Innovation, Networks and Localities: An Introduction Manfred M. Fischer and Luis Suarez-Villa PART A: KNOWLEDGE, INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY NETWORKS 2 The Innovation Process and Network Activities of Manufacturing Firms Manfred M. Fischer 3 Are Innovation Networks Bounded by Proximity? Elsie L. Echeverri-Carroll and William Brennan 4 Globalisation and Territorial Production Systems Denis Maillat and Nicolas Grosjean 5 Clustering, Innovations and Trust: The Essentials of a Clustering Strategy for Scotland Mike Danson and Geoff Whittam 6 Interfirm Co-Operation and Learning within SME-Networks Michael Steiner and Christian Hartmann PART B: LOCATION OF KNOWLEDGE-BASED ACTIVITIES AND SPATIAL PATTERNS OF INNOVATION 7 The Location of Knowledge-Based Activities: The Case of Computer Software Rena Sivitanidou 8 Localised Knowledge Spillovers and Trade Competitiveness: The Case of Italy Stefano Breschi and Daniela Palma 9 Innovation and Performance of SMEs in Italy: The Relevance of Spatial Aspects Roberto Camagni and Roberta Capello 10 Time-space Patterns of US Innovation - Stability or Change? Attila Varga 11 Where are the Worlds Top 100 I.T. Firms and Why? R.D. Norton PART C: INNOVATIVE INFRASTRUCTURES, TECHNOLOGY POLICIES AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT 12 The Adoption of New Communications Technologies by Firms in Rural Areas: A Scottish Case Study David Newlands and Melanie Ward 13 Innovative Forms of Regional Structural Policy in Europe: The Role of Dominant Concepts and Knowledge Flows Arnoud Lagendijk 14 Regional Technological Distance and Catching Up Maurice J. Oude Wansink and Hans Maks 15 Concluding Remarks Manfred M. Fischer, Luis Suarez-Villa, Michael Steiner Subject Index Author Index List of Contributors

Geographic information systems, spatial modelling and policy evaluation

Geographical Information Systems (GIS) provide an enhanced environment for spatial data processing. The ability of geographic information systems to handle and analyze spatially referenced data may be seen as a major characteristic which distinguishes GIS from information systems developed to serve the needs of business data processing as well as from CAD systems or other systems whose primary objective is map production. This book, which contains contributions from a wide-ranging group of international scholars, demonstrates the progress which has been achieved so far at the interface of GIS technology and spatial analysis and planning. The various contributions bring together theoretical and conceptual, technical and applied issues. Topics covered include the design and use of GIS and spatial models, AI tools for spatial modelling in GIS, spatial statistical analysis and GIS, GIS and dynamic modelling, GIS in urban planning and policy making, information systems for policy evaluation, and spatial decision support systems.